战略环境评价区域发展驱动力与压力分析——以珠三角地区为例
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摘要
如何基于区域发展战略体系,建立社会经济发展驱动力与资源环境压力之间的关系,是战略环境评价工作的关键难点之一。研究建立了区域战略环境评价的驱动力和压力的分析框架,具体包括总体驱动力、深层驱动力和资源压力、环境压力4个方面,提出了相应子类及特征和指标体系,并以珠三角地区为例实证了方法的有效性。基于区域可持续发展战略解读识别了珠三角地区"一圈、两带、一屏"战略环境评价重点区域,发现了区域工业化、城镇化发展过程所面临的资源环境压力呈现明显的空间分异特征:珠三角城市群总体资源环境压力明显较高,但呈现逐渐缓和的趋势,珠海、深圳等地率先接近"库兹涅茨曲线"拐点;粤东西北及泛珠流域虽然当前资源环境压力总体较低,但在区域协同发展战略的推动以及产业转移、城镇扩张和基础设施建设等策略的实施下,局部地区和流域的资源环境压力和生态风险增大的可能性较高。
How to identify driving forces of social and economic development, pressures on resources and environment, and the relations between them, is quite difficult for strategic environmental assessment(SEA). This paper suggested an analytical framework of driving forces and pressures for regional SEA. Driving forces were divided into global types and underlying types. Pressures were divided into resources pressures and environmental pressures. Subclasses of the four categories above and related features and indicators were also provided. Pearl River Delta(equal to Guangdong Province) was selected as an example to illustrate validity of the framework. Critical areas of the Pearl River Delta were filtered by regional development strategy analysis: "One Circle, Two Belts and One Ecological Barrier". With the industrialization and urbanization process of rapid development, both the resource and environment pressures had a dramatic spatial distribution: pressures on the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration were much higher than those on outer areas, but the pressure gradually relieved, and Zhuhai and Shenzhen were getting close to the inflection point of the Kuznets curve; the outside areas of the Pearl River Delta had lower resource and environmental pressures but suffered a rising tendency, because of the strategies about regional harmonious development, such as industry transfer, urban expansion and infrastructure construction.
How to identify driving forces of social and economic development, pressures on resources and environment, and the relations between them, is quite difficult for strategic environmental assessment(SEA). This paper suggested an analytical framework of driving forces and pressures for regional SEA. Driving forces were divided into global types and underlying types. Pressures were divided into resources pressures and environmental pressures. Subclasses of the four categories above and related features and indicators were also provided. Pearl River Delta(equal to Guangdong Province) was selected as an example to illustrate validity of the framework. Critical areas of the Pearl River Delta were filtered by regional development strategy analysis: "One Circle, Two Belts and One Ecological Barrier". With the industrialization and urbanization process of rapid development, both the resource and environment pressures had a dramatic spatial distribution: pressures on the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration were much higher than those on outer areas, but the pressure gradually relieved, and Zhuhai and Shenzhen were getting close to the inflection point of the Kuznets curve; the outside areas of the Pearl River Delta had lower resource and environmental pressures but suffered a rising tendency, because of the strategies about regional harmonious development, such as industry transfer, urban expansion and infrastructure construction.
引文
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[13] 石海佳,许乃中,张玉环,等.基于“生态保护红线、环境质量底线和资源利用上线”的区域环境管控体系构建思路——以珠三角地区为例[J].环境影响评价,2018,40(5):23- 29.
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[2] 尚金城,包存宽.战略环境评价系统及工作程序[J].中国环境科学,2000,20(S1):47- 50.
[3] 董德明,赵文晋,王宪恩,等.战略环境评价若干问题研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(5):615- 618.
[4] 王玉振,金辰欣.第八章中国战略环评制度的建立,发展与实践[J].中国环境管理,2011(5/6):68- 82.
[5] Commoner B.Making peace with the planet[M].Pantheon Books,1990.
[6] Adriaanse A.Environmental Policy Performance Indicators:a study on the Development of Indicators for Environmental Policy in the Netherlands[M].Uitgeverij,The Hague,1993.
[7] 石磊,张天柱.贵阳市循环经济发展度量的研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2005,15(5):63- 66.
[8] OECD.OECD Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews:A Synthesis Report[M].Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,1993.
[9] 王永刚,王旭,孙长虹,等.IPAT及其扩展模型的应用研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):949- 957.
[10] 包存宽,尚金城.战略环境评价中战略筛选研究[J].环境与开发,2000,15(2):31- 33.
[11] 郭红连,黄懿瑜,马蔚纯,等.战略环境评价(SEA)的指标体系研究[J].复旦学报:自然科学版,2003,42(3):468- 475.
[12] 孙丽文,曹璐,吕静韦.基于 DPSIR模型的工业绿色转型评价研究——以河北省为例[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(4):120- 127.
[13] 石海佳,许乃中,张玉环,等.基于“生态保护红线、环境质量底线和资源利用上线”的区域环境管控体系构建思路——以珠三角地区为例[J].环境影响评价,2018,40(5):23- 29.
[14] 张建清,张岚,王嵩,等.基于 DPSIR-DEA模型的区域可持续发展效率测度及分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(11):1- 9.
[15] Deuskar C,Baker J L,Mason D.East Asia’s Changing Urban Landscape:Measuring a Decade of Spatial Growth[M].World Bank Publications,2015.