层状弹性介质全波射线追踪技术研究
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摘要
射线追踪法是一种有效的地震波场数值模拟方法,在层析成像、叠前深度偏移及正演模拟等研究领域均占据重要地位.但相较于波动方程数值模拟方法,射线追踪法在获取较高运算速度的同时损失掉了地震波场的动力学信息,对于整个地震波场的地震波衰减以及转换波等问题都没有进行考虑.为了能够得到较为完整的合成地震记录并对地震资料做出更合理解释,本文在使用射线追踪法进行波场数值模拟的同时考虑了衰减信息,追踪转换波以弥补射线追踪法在动力学上的缺陷.在全波射线追踪过程中,通过追踪同类波和转换波,并计算该段射线的能量衰减,在保证高速计算的同时获得了较为完整的合成地震记录,取得较好的效果.
Ray-tracing method is an effective numerical simulation method ofseismic wave field,and occupies animportant position in tomography,pre-stack depth migration,forward modeling and other research areas. Compared with the wave equation numerical simulation method,ray tracing method is gettinga highercalculatingspeed,while losing the dynamic information of the seismic wave field,besides,the whole seismic wave field's problems of wave attenuation andconversionare not considered. In order to get a relatively complete synthetic seismogram and make more reasonable interpretation of seismic data,this paper usesray-tracing method to simulate the wave field,meanwhile,takesthe informationattenuation into account and tracesconverted wave to make up the defects of the ray-tracing methodon dynamics. In the process offull-wave ray tracing, by tracingsimilar wave and converted wave, and calculating theray energy attenuation, we obtain a relatively complete synthetic seismogram maintaining high calculating speed, which achieved favorable result.
Ray-tracing method is an effective numerical simulation method ofseismic wave field,and occupies animportant position in tomography,pre-stack depth migration,forward modeling and other research areas. Compared with the wave equation numerical simulation method,ray tracing method is gettinga highercalculatingspeed,while losing the dynamic information of the seismic wave field,besides,the whole seismic wave field's problems of wave attenuation andconversionare not considered. In order to get a relatively complete synthetic seismogram and make more reasonable interpretation of seismic data,this paper usesray-tracing method to simulate the wave field,meanwhile,takesthe informationattenuation into account and tracesconverted wave to make up the defects of the ray-tracing methodon dynamics. In the process offull-wave ray tracing, by tracingsimilar wave and converted wave, and calculating theray energy attenuation, we obtain a relatively complete synthetic seismogram maintaining high calculating speed, which achieved favorable result.
引文
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Cassell B R.1982.A method for calculating synthetic seismograms in laterally varying media[J].Geophysical Journal International,69(2):339-354.
Chander,R.1977.On tracing seismic rays with specified end points in layers of constant velocity and plane interfaces[J].Geophysical Prospecting,25(1):120-124.
Conejo A J,Arroyo J M,Alguacil N.2002.Transmission loss allocation:A comparison of different practical algorithms[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,17(3):571-576.
Farra V.1993.Ray tracing in complex media[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,30(1-2):55-73.
Fischer R,Lees J M.1993.Shortest path ray tracing with sparse graphs[J].Geophysics,58(7):987-996.
Galiana FD,Conejo A J,Kockar I.2002.Incremental transmission loss allocation under pool dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,17(1):26-33.
Gao E G,Xu G M.1996.A new kind of step by step iterative ray-tracing method[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),39(S1):302-308.
Huang L J,Li Y M,Wu R S.1992.The wave-front ray tracing method for image reconstruction[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(2):223-233.
Julian B R,Gubbins D.1977.Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing[J].Journal of Geophysics,43(1):95-113.
Li Q,Bai C Y.2012.Review on seismic wavefront and raytracing in complex media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):92-104,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.011.
Li X F,Li X F,Zhang M G.2007.Review of seismic wave numerical modeling methods[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering(in Chinese),27(2):241-248.
Liu C,Liu Y,Wang D,et al.2004.A study on seismic wave spherical spreading compensation method in homogeneous tilted bedded formation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),19(3):590-595,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.03.016.
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Popov MM.1982.A new method of computation of wave fields using Gaussian beams[J].Wave Motion,4(1):85-97.
Sambridge M S,Kennett B L N.1990.Boundary value ray tracing in a heterogeneous medium:A simple and versatile algorithm[J].Geophysical Journal International,101(1):157-168.
Sang Y Y,Li Z C,Zhang K.2013.Shortest path ray tracing based on parabolic travel-time interpolation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(3):403-409.
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Van Avendonk H J A,Harding A J,Orcutt J A,et al.2001.Hybrid shortest path and ray bending method for traveltime and raypathcalculations[J].Geophysics,66(2):648-653.
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Wang T,Bai C Y,Yang S B.2016.Comparison of ray theory and FDMfor simulating seismic wavefield in isotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(2):606-613,doi:10.6038/pg20160213.
Wei Y W,Zhou Z S.2008.A node auto-finding function based on decomposition of the prime-factor number in shortest path ray tracing[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),30(3):191-196.
Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.2004.Block modeling and shooting ray tracing in complex 3-Dmedia[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(6):1261-1271.
Ye P,Li Q C.2013.Improvements of linear traveltime interpolation ray tracing for the accuracy and efficiency[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),43(1):291-298.
Zhang D,Xie B L,Yang Y,et al.2009.A ray tracing method based on improved linear traveltimeinterpolation[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics(in Chinese),52(1):200-205.
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Zhao A H,Xu T.2012.A traveltime correction technique for improving the accuracy of reflection wave traveltimes with the shortest path method based on a regular grid[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(5):1854-1862,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.004.
Zhao H Y,Zhang M G.2014.Tracing seismic shortest path rays in anisotropic medium with rolling surface[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(9):2910-2917,doi:10.6038/jcg20140916.
陈裕明,李晶,唐湘蓉,等.2002.最小时间两点射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,37(5):455-459.
邓怀群,刘雯林,赵正茂.2000.横向各向同性介质中纵波和转换横波的快速射线追踪方法[J].石油物探,39(4):1-11.
高尔根,徐果明.1996.二维速度随机分布逐步迭代射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,39(S1):302-308.
高尔根,徐果明,赵燚.1998.一种任意界面的逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,33(1):54-60.
韩复兴,孙建国,杨昊.2008.基于二维三次卷积插值算法的波前构建射线追踪[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(2):336-340,346.
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Asakawa E,Kawanaka T.1993.Seismic ray tracing using linear traveltimeinterpolation[J].Geophysical Prospecting,41(1):99-111.
Cassell B R.1982.A method for calculating synthetic seismograms in laterally varying media[J].Geophysical Journal International,69(2):339-354.
Chander,R.1977.On tracing seismic rays with specified end points in layers of constant velocity and plane interfaces[J].Geophysical Prospecting,25(1):120-124.
Conejo A J,Arroyo J M,Alguacil N.2002.Transmission loss allocation:A comparison of different practical algorithms[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,17(3):571-576.
Farra V.1993.Ray tracing in complex media[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,30(1-2):55-73.
Fischer R,Lees J M.1993.Shortest path ray tracing with sparse graphs[J].Geophysics,58(7):987-996.
Galiana FD,Conejo A J,Kockar I.2002.Incremental transmission loss allocation under pool dispatch[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,17(1):26-33.
Gao E G,Xu G M.1996.A new kind of step by step iterative ray-tracing method[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),39(S1):302-308.
Huang L J,Li Y M,Wu R S.1992.The wave-front ray tracing method for image reconstruction[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),35(2):223-233.
Julian B R,Gubbins D.1977.Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing[J].Journal of Geophysics,43(1):95-113.
Li Q,Bai C Y.2012.Review on seismic wavefront and raytracing in complex media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(1):92-104,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.011.
Li X F,Li X F,Zhang M G.2007.Review of seismic wave numerical modeling methods[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering(in Chinese),27(2):241-248.
Liu C,Liu Y,Wang D,et al.2004.A study on seismic wave spherical spreading compensation method in homogeneous tilted bedded formation[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),19(3):590-595,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.03.016.
Liu L J,Xie Z H,Yang C.2014.Ray tracing algorithm based on boundary linear traveltimeinterpolation[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)(in Chinese),42(5):23-28,35.
Liu R Z,Yu S J,Tian Q W,et al.2013.A global algorithm of triangular grid ray tracing based on wavefront minimum traveltimeunit[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),28(2):1073-1081,doi:10.6038/pg20130262.
Lu B,Zhou L F,Kong X W,et al.2009.A method of shortest path raytracing by iterative optimization[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),24(4):1420-1425,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.033.
Lu J B,Fang Z.2014.Improvement of ray tracing algorithm based on linear traveltimeinterpolation[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences)(in Chinese),41(1):39-44.
Moser T J.1991.Shortest path calculation of seismic rays[J].Geophysics,56(1):59-67.
Nie J X,Yang H Z.2003.Quadratic/linear travel time interpolation of seismic ray-tracing[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science&Technology)(in Chinese),43(11):1495-1498.
Popov MM.1982.A new method of computation of wave fields using Gaussian beams[J].Wave Motion,4(1):85-97.
Sambridge M S,Kennett B L N.1990.Boundary value ray tracing in a heterogeneous medium:A simple and versatile algorithm[J].Geophysical Journal International,101(1):157-168.
Sang Y Y,Li Z C,Zhang K.2013.Shortest path ray tracing based on parabolic travel-time interpolation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),48(3):403-409.
Song Y,Zhou C,Zhao ZY,et al.2011.Ray tracing of acoustic wave in the lossyatmosphere[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(6):1433-1438,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.201106003.
Tang X P,Bai C Y,Liu K H.2011.Multivalued and multiple reflected raytracing with extreme value based on the multistage modified shortest-path method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),26(6):2064-2074,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2011.06.022.
Van Avendonk H J A,Harding A J,Orcutt J A,et al.2001.Hybrid shortest path and ray bending method for traveltime and raypathcalculations[J].Geophysics,66(2):648-653.
Wang D H,Chen Z B,Liu X,et al.2016.Review of the seismic ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(1):344-353,doi:10.6038/pg20160140.
Wang T,Bai C Y,Yang S B.2016.Comparison of ray theory and FDMfor simulating seismic wavefield in isotropic media[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(2):606-613,doi:10.6038/pg20160213.
Wei Y W,Zhou Z S.2008.A node auto-finding function based on decomposition of the prime-factor number in shortest path ray tracing[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),30(3):191-196.
Xu T,Xu G M,Gao E G,et al.2004.Block modeling and shooting ray tracing in complex 3-Dmedia[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,47(6):1261-1271.
Ye P,Li Q C.2013.Improvements of linear traveltime interpolation ray tracing for the accuracy and efficiency[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition)(in Chinese),43(1):291-298.
Zhang D,Xie B L,Yang Y,et al.2009.A ray tracing method based on improved linear traveltimeinterpolation[J].Chinese Journal Geophysics(in Chinese),52(1):200-205.
Zhang J Z,Chen S J,Yu D X.2003.Improvement of shortest path ray tracing method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),18(1):146-150,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.01.025.
Zhang M G,Cheng B J,Li X F,et al.2006.A fast algorithm of shortest path ray tracing[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1467-1474,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.05.026.
Zhang P,Liu H,Li Y M.2000.The situation and progress of ray tracing metodresearch[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),15(1):36-45,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2000.01.002.
Zhao A H,Xu T.2012.A traveltime correction technique for improving the accuracy of reflection wave traveltimes with the shortest path method based on a regular grid[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(5):1854-1862,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.05.004.
Zhao H Y,Zhang M G.2014.Tracing seismic shortest path rays in anisotropic medium with rolling surface[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(9):2910-2917,doi:10.6038/jcg20140916.
陈裕明,李晶,唐湘蓉,等.2002.最小时间两点射线追踪[J].石油地球物理勘探,37(5):455-459.
邓怀群,刘雯林,赵正茂.2000.横向各向同性介质中纵波和转换横波的快速射线追踪方法[J].石油物探,39(4):1-11.
高尔根,徐果明.1996.二维速度随机分布逐步迭代射线追踪方法[J].地球物理学报,39(S1):302-308.
高尔根,徐果明,赵燚.1998.一种任意界面的逐段迭代射线追踪方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,33(1):54-60.
韩复兴,孙建国,杨昊.2008.基于二维三次卷积插值算法的波前构建射线追踪[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),38(2):336-340,346.
黄联捷,李幼铭,吴如山.1992.用于图像重建的波前法射线追踪[J].地球物理学报,35(2):223-233.
李强,白超英.2012.复杂介质中地震波前及射线追踪综述[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):92-104,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.011.
李信富,李小凡,张美根.2007.地震波数值模拟方法研究综述[J].防灾减灾工程学报,27(2):241-248.
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