Radon变换压制层间多次波技术在高石梯—磨溪地区的应用
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摘要
陆上地震资料中,层间多次波与一次波的速度差异较小,一次波的速度拾取困难,利用Radon变换压制多次波往往难以取得好的应用效果。在四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区的地震资料中,震旦系—寒武系存在多次波的干扰,致使有效反射的振幅畸变,弱的有效反射被掩盖,造成测井合成地震记录与实际地震资料匹配差。该多次波具有干扰能量强、与有效波速度差异小的特点。基于处理和解释一体化的研究思路,在速度谱上利用时间域的构造层位来约束一次波速度的拾取过程,以减小多次波干扰对速度拾取的影响,提高平面上和纵向上速度拾取的精度;利用不同权系数的叠加速度进行扫描处理和Radon变换压制多次波,确定最佳匹配权系数,实现更高精度的多次波压制。在高石梯—磨溪地区,三维地震资料经压制多次波处理后,地震剖面上多次波的能量得到有效衰减,波组特征更为清楚,测井合成地震记录和井旁地震道相关性大幅提高。应用效果表明,这一技术在压制多次波的同时,能够有效地保护一次波能量,减少压制多次波的不确定性,提高地震资料的信噪比和成像效果,是压制陆上层间多次波的有效技术。
According to onshore seismic data,there is little difference between the interbed multiples and primary wave in velocity.It is difficult to pick up the primary velocity,and good application effect can hardly be obtained by Radon transform suppressing multiples.In the seismic data of Gaoshiti-Moxi region,Sichuan Basin,multiple noises exist in Sinian-Cambrian System,leading to the amplitude distortion of effective reflection.Then weak effective reflection is covered,resulting in the poor matching between logging synthetic seismogram and actual seismic data.In the study area,multiples are characterized by strong interference energy and a small difference in velocity with effective wave.Based on the research idea of processing and interpretation integration,primary wave velocity is picked up through the tectonic horizon constraint in time domain of velocity spectrum,so as to reduce the influences of multiples interference on velocity picking and improve the accuracy of planar and vertical velocity picking.Moreover,scanning and processing of the multiples suppression by Radon transform is performed using the stacking velocity with different weight coefficients,so as to determine the optimal matching weight factors and achieve multiples suppression with high accuracy.In Gaoshiti-Moxi region,multiples suppression is conducted on3 D seismic data,showing that the energy of multiples on the seismic profile is effectively attenuated with obvious wave group characteristics,and the correlation between logging synthetic seismogram and near-well seismic trace is greatly improved.The practical application effect indicates that this technology can effectively protect primary wave energy while suppressing multiples,able to reduce the uncertainty of suppressing multiples.The improvement in S/N ratio and imaging effect of seismic data is an effective technique to suppress onshore interbed multiples.
According to onshore seismic data,there is little difference between the interbed multiples and primary wave in velocity.It is difficult to pick up the primary velocity,and good application effect can hardly be obtained by Radon transform suppressing multiples.In the seismic data of Gaoshiti-Moxi region,Sichuan Basin,multiple noises exist in Sinian-Cambrian System,leading to the amplitude distortion of effective reflection.Then weak effective reflection is covered,resulting in the poor matching between logging synthetic seismogram and actual seismic data.In the study area,multiples are characterized by strong interference energy and a small difference in velocity with effective wave.Based on the research idea of processing and interpretation integration,primary wave velocity is picked up through the tectonic horizon constraint in time domain of velocity spectrum,so as to reduce the influences of multiples interference on velocity picking and improve the accuracy of planar and vertical velocity picking.Moreover,scanning and processing of the multiples suppression by Radon transform is performed using the stacking velocity with different weight coefficients,so as to determine the optimal matching weight factors and achieve multiples suppression with high accuracy.In Gaoshiti-Moxi region,multiples suppression is conducted on3 D seismic data,showing that the energy of multiples on the seismic profile is effectively attenuated with obvious wave group characteristics,and the correlation between logging synthetic seismogram and near-well seismic trace is greatly improved.The practical application effect indicates that this technology can effectively protect primary wave energy while suppressing multiples,able to reduce the uncertainty of suppressing multiples.The improvement in S/N ratio and imaging effect of seismic data is an effective technique to suppress onshore interbed multiples.
引文
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[15]罗冰,杨跃明,罗文军,等.川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):416-426.LUO Bing,YANG Yueming,LUO Wenjun,et al.Controlling factors and distribution of reservoir development in Dengying Formation of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):416-426.
[16]杨昊,戴晓峰,甘利灯,等.反射率法正演模拟及其在多次波识别中的应用——以四川盆地川中地区为例[C]∥中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会论文集.天津:中国石油学会物探专业委员会,2017:310-313.YANG Hao,DAI Xiaofeng,GAN Lideng,et al.Reflectivity forward modeling and application of multiples recognition:a case study of Central Sichuan Basin[C]∥CPS 2017 Geophysical Technology Forum.Tianjin:Society of Petroleum Geophysicists,2017:310-313.
[17]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398-405.ZHANG Junhua,LNing,LEI Ling,et al.Analysis of applied factors for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):398-405.
[18]张振波,轩义华.高分辨率抛物线拉冬变换多次波压制技术[J].物探与化探,2014,38(5):981-988.ZHANG Zhenbo,XUAN Yihua.High resolution parabolic radon transform multiple wave suppression technique[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(5):981-988.
[19]朱生旺,魏修成,李锋,等.用抛物线Radon变换稀疏解分离和压制多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):110-115.ZHU Shengwang,WEI Xiucheng,LI Feng,et al.Separating and suppressing multipies by sparse solution of parabolic Radon transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(2):110-115.
[20]郭全仕,张卫华,黄华昌,等.高精度拉冬变换方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):622-627.GUO Quanshi,ZHANG Weihua,HUANG Huachang,et al.High-precision Random transform method and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):622-627.
[2]WEGLEIN A B.Multiple attenuation:an overview of recent advances and the road ahead[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(1):40-44.
[3]吴艳辉,唐博文,柯本喜,等.GeoEast多次波压制技术在陆上地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):93-98.WU Yanhui,TANG Bowen,KE Benxi,et al.Multiple elimination methods provided by GeoEast for land seismic data[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(S1):93-98.
[4]宋家文,VERSCHUUR D J,陈小宏.多次波压制的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(1):240-247.SONG Jiawen,VERSCHUUR D J,CHEN Xiaohong.Research status and progress in multiple elimination[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(1):240-247.
[5]刘成明,王德利.基于贝叶斯理论的Shearlet域一次波与多次波分离[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):483-489.LIU Chengming,WANG Deli.Primary and multiple separation in Shearlet domain based on Bayesian theory[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):483-489.
[6]吴静,吴志强,胡天跃,等.基于构建虚同相轴压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(3):985-994.WU Jing,WU Zhiqiang,HU Tianyue,et al.Seismic internal mutiple attenuation based on constructing virtual events[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(3):985-994.
[7]FOSTER D J,MOSHER C C.Suppression of multiple reflections using the Radon transform[J].Geophysics,1992,57(3):386-395.
[8]褚玉环,刘清华,王宝,等.拉冬变换压制多次波技术在大庆探区的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(6):325-327.CHU Yuhuan,LIU Qinghua,WANG Bao,et al.Application of multiple suppression technique using the Radon transform in Daqing exploration area[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2009,28(6):325-327.
[9]WHITE R E.Signal and noise estimation from seismic reflection data using spectral coherence methods[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,1984,72(10):1340-1356.
[10]章炎艳,裴家定.拉东变换压制多次波在新疆巴楚地区的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2014,36(5):601-605.ZHANG Yanyan,PEI Jiading.The application of radon transform for multiples attenuation in Xinjiang Bachu area[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,36(5):601-605.
[11]杜金虎,汪泽成,邹才能,等.上扬子克拉通内裂陷的发现及对安岳特大型气田形成的控制作用[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):1-16.DU Jinhu,WANG Zecheng,ZOU Caineng,et al.Discovery of intra-cratonic rift in the Upper Yangtze and its control effect on the formation of Anyue giant gas field[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):1-16.
[12]冯明友,强子同,沈平,等.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组热液白云岩证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):587-598.FENG Mingyou,QIANG Zitong,SHEN Ping,et al.Evidences for hydrothermal dolomite of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):587-598.
[13]单秀琴,张静,张宝民,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):17-29.SHAN Xiuqin,ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Baomin,et al.Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):17-29.
[14]魏国齐,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪地区震旦系—寒武系大型气藏特征与聚集模式[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):1-12.WEI Guoqi,DU Jinhu,XU Chunchun,et al.Characteristics and accumulation modes of large gas reservoirs in Sinian-Cambrian of Gaoshiti-Moxi region,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):1-12.
[15]罗冰,杨跃明,罗文军,等.川中古隆起灯影组储层发育控制因素及展布[J].石油学报,2015,36(4):416-426.LUO Bing,YANG Yueming,LUO Wenjun,et al.Controlling factors and distribution of reservoir development in Dengying Formation of paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(4):416-426.
[16]杨昊,戴晓峰,甘利灯,等.反射率法正演模拟及其在多次波识别中的应用——以四川盆地川中地区为例[C]∥中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会论文集.天津:中国石油学会物探专业委员会,2017:310-313.YANG Hao,DAI Xiaofeng,GAN Lideng,et al.Reflectivity forward modeling and application of multiples recognition:a case study of Central Sichuan Basin[C]∥CPS 2017 Geophysical Technology Forum.Tianjin:Society of Petroleum Geophysicists,2017:310-313.
[17]张军华,吕宁,雷凌,等.抛物线拉冬变换消除多次波的应用要素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):398-405.ZHANG Junhua,LNing,LEI Ling,et al.Analysis of applied factors for using parabolic Radon transform to remove multiple[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):398-405.
[18]张振波,轩义华.高分辨率抛物线拉冬变换多次波压制技术[J].物探与化探,2014,38(5):981-988.ZHANG Zhenbo,XUAN Yihua.High resolution parabolic radon transform multiple wave suppression technique[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2014,38(5):981-988.
[19]朱生旺,魏修成,李锋,等.用抛物线Radon变换稀疏解分离和压制多次波[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(2):110-115.ZHU Shengwang,WEI Xiucheng,LI Feng,et al.Separating and suppressing multipies by sparse solution of parabolic Radon transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(2):110-115.
[20]郭全仕,张卫华,黄华昌,等.高精度拉冬变换方法及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(6):622-627.GUO Quanshi,ZHANG Weihua,HUANG Huachang,et al.High-precision Random transform method and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(6):622-627.