层间多次波辨识与压制技术的突破及意义——以四川盆地GS1井区震旦系灯影组为例
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摘要
针对四川盆地GS1井区震旦系灯影组及下寒武统筇竹寺组的地震合成记录与实际记录严重不匹配现象,开展层间多次波辨识与压制技术研究。(1)研发了基于反射率法的多次波正演模拟方法,通过叠后和叠前多次波正演模拟等8种手段,结合VSP资料论证了该区井震不匹配主要是由层间多次波造成的。(2)利用剥层法井点和联井剖面多次波正演模拟结果,结合多次波周期性分析,明确了上覆4组速度反转层是灯影组层间多次波的主要来源。(3)在层间多次波准确识别和来源分析的基础上,通过传统Radon方法创新应用,结合基于模式识别的压制技术,突破了由于层间多次波与一次波速度差异小使得现有方法难以奏效的困境,结合基于模式识别的压制技术,形成了适用、有效、可复制的压制处理方案。(4)提出了一种多次波发育强度评价指标,编制了高石梯—磨溪地区灯四段多次波发育强度分布图。该方案提高了井震匹配程度,压制后剖面结构特征更加符合沉积规律,横向分辨率更高,小断裂与小异常体特征更清晰,并在灯影组发现了串珠反射。基于地震波形分类的储集层预测符合率从60%提高到90%,基于双相介质的烃类检测符合率从70%提高到100%。
Aimed at the serious mismatch between the synthetic record and the real data of the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the GS1 well area, Sichuan Basin, four aspects of internal multiples identification and suppression were studied. Firstly, a forward modeling method of internal multiple based on reflectivity method was developed. Through eight means such as post-stack and pre-stack forward modeling of internal multiple, and combined with VSP data, it was demonstrated that well-seismic mismatching in this area is mainly caused by the internal multiples. Secondly, the simulation results of interbed multiple forward modeling using the stripping method combined with the internal multiple periodicity analysis showed that four groups of overburden layers with velocity inversion were the main sources of the internal multiples. Thirdly, by identifying internal multiples accurately and using suppression technology based on pattern recognition, an effective and replicable suppression scheme suitable for these formations was established, overcoming the difficulty of the small difference between internal multiple and primary reflection wave which makes the current methods ineffective. Fourthly, an evaluation index of internal multiple intensity was proposed, and the internal multiple intensity distribution diagram of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area was compiled. This scheme greatly improved the well-seismic match, and the strata sedimentary features are clearer on the new seismic profiles with higher lateral resolution, with which smaller faults and geological anomalies can be identified and a series of the bead reflections in the Dengying Formation are first discovered. The coincidence rate of reservoir prediction based on seismic waveform classification was increased from60% to 90%, and that of hydrocarbon detection based on dual phase medium theory was increased from 70% to 100%.
Aimed at the serious mismatch between the synthetic record and the real data of the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the GS1 well area, Sichuan Basin, four aspects of internal multiples identification and suppression were studied. Firstly, a forward modeling method of internal multiple based on reflectivity method was developed. Through eight means such as post-stack and pre-stack forward modeling of internal multiple, and combined with VSP data, it was demonstrated that well-seismic mismatching in this area is mainly caused by the internal multiples. Secondly, the simulation results of interbed multiple forward modeling using the stripping method combined with the internal multiple periodicity analysis showed that four groups of overburden layers with velocity inversion were the main sources of the internal multiples. Thirdly, by identifying internal multiples accurately and using suppression technology based on pattern recognition, an effective and replicable suppression scheme suitable for these formations was established, overcoming the difficulty of the small difference between internal multiple and primary reflection wave which makes the current methods ineffective. Fourthly, an evaluation index of internal multiple intensity was proposed, and the internal multiple intensity distribution diagram of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area was compiled. This scheme greatly improved the well-seismic match, and the strata sedimentary features are clearer on the new seismic profiles with higher lateral resolution, with which smaller faults and geological anomalies can be identified and a series of the bead reflections in the Dengying Formation are first discovered. The coincidence rate of reservoir prediction based on seismic waveform classification was increased from60% to 90%, and that of hydrocarbon detection based on dual phase medium theory was increased from 70% to 100%.
引文
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[9]吴静,吴志强,胡天跃,等.基于构建虚同相轴压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(3):985-994.WU Jing, WU Zhiqiang, HU Tianyue, et al. Seismic internal multiple attenuation based on constructing virtual events[J]. Chines Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(3):985-994.
[10] KENNETH H W. Reflection seismology:A tool for energy resource exploration[M]. New York:Wiley Interscience Publication, 1978.
[11]杨昊,戴晓峰,甘利灯,等.反射率法正演模拟及其在多次波识别中的应用:以四川盆地川中地区为例[R].东营:中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会, 2017.YANG Hao, DAI Xiaofeng, Gan Lideng, et al. Seismic forward modeling based on reflectivity method and its application to internal multiples recognition:A case study in central Sichuan Basin[R].Dongying:Geophysical Technology Symposium of China Petroleum Society, 2017.
[12] AKI K, RICHARDS P G. Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M]. San Francisco:W. H. Freeman&Co. Ltd, 1980.
[13] KENNETT B. Seismic wave propagation in stratified media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1985.
[14]褚玉环,刘清华,王宝,等.拉冬变换压制多次波技术在大庆探区的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2009, 28(6):325-327.CHU Yuhuan, LIU Qinghua, WANG Bao, et al. Application of multiple suppression technique using the radon transform in Daqing exploration area[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2009, 28(6):325-327.
[15]陈娅娜,沈安江,潘立银,等.微生物白云岩储集层特征、成因和分布:以四川盆地震旦系灯影组四段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017, 44(5):704-715.CHEN Ya’na, SHEN Anjiang, PAN Liyin, et al. Features, origin and distribution of microbial dolomite reservoirs:A case study of 4th Member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(5):704-715.
[16] HU X, CHEN Y, LIANG X, et al. New technology for direct hydrocarbon reservoir detection using seismic information[R]. Tulsa:SEG, 2005.
[2]熊登,赵伟,张剑锋.混合域高分辨率抛物Radon变换及在衰减多次波中的应用[J].地球物理学报, 2009, 52(4):1068-1077.XIONG Deng, ZHAO Wei, ZHANG Jianfeng. Hybrid do-main high-resolution parabolic Radon transform andits application to demultiple[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2009, 52(4):1068-1077.
[3] BERKHOUT A J, VERSCHUUR D J. Estimation of multiple scattering by iterative inversion, Part I:Theoretical considerations[J].Geophysics, 1997, 62(5):1586-1595.
[4] BERKHOUT A J, VERSCHUUR D J. Removal of internal multiples with the common focus point(CFP)approach, Part 1:Explanation of the theory[J]. Geophysics, 2005, 70(3):45-60.
[5] VERSCHUUR D J, BERKHOUT A J. Removal of internal multiples with the common focus point(CFP)approach, Part 2:Application strategies and data examples[J]. Geophysics, 2005, 70(3):61-72.
[6] WEGLEIN A B, GASPAROTTO F A, CARVALHOP M, et al.Aninverse scattering series method for attenuation multi-ples in seismic reflection data[J]. Geophysics, 1997, 62(6):1975-1989.
[7]金德刚,常旭,刘伊克.逆散射级数法预测层间多次波的算法改进及其策略[J].地球物理学报, 2008, 51(4):1209-1217.JIN Degang, CHANG Xu, LIU Yike. Algorithm improvement and stratcgy of internal multiples prediction based on inverse scattering series method[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008, 51(4):1209-1217.
[8] JAKUBOWICZ H. Wave equation prediction and removal of interbed multiple[R]. Tulsa:SEG, 1998.
[9]吴静,吴志强,胡天跃,等.基于构建虚同相轴压制地震层间多次波[J].地球物理学报, 2013, 56(3):985-994.WU Jing, WU Zhiqiang, HU Tianyue, et al. Seismic internal multiple attenuation based on constructing virtual events[J]. Chines Journal of Geophysics, 2013, 56(3):985-994.
[10] KENNETH H W. Reflection seismology:A tool for energy resource exploration[M]. New York:Wiley Interscience Publication, 1978.
[11]杨昊,戴晓峰,甘利灯,等.反射率法正演模拟及其在多次波识别中的应用:以四川盆地川中地区为例[R].东营:中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会, 2017.YANG Hao, DAI Xiaofeng, Gan Lideng, et al. Seismic forward modeling based on reflectivity method and its application to internal multiples recognition:A case study in central Sichuan Basin[R].Dongying:Geophysical Technology Symposium of China Petroleum Society, 2017.
[12] AKI K, RICHARDS P G. Quantitative seismology:Theory and methods[M]. San Francisco:W. H. Freeman&Co. Ltd, 1980.
[13] KENNETT B. Seismic wave propagation in stratified media[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1985.
[14]褚玉环,刘清华,王宝,等.拉冬变换压制多次波技术在大庆探区的应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2009, 28(6):325-327.CHU Yuhuan, LIU Qinghua, WANG Bao, et al. Application of multiple suppression technique using the radon transform in Daqing exploration area[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2009, 28(6):325-327.
[15]陈娅娜,沈安江,潘立银,等.微生物白云岩储集层特征、成因和分布:以四川盆地震旦系灯影组四段为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017, 44(5):704-715.CHEN Ya’na, SHEN Anjiang, PAN Liyin, et al. Features, origin and distribution of microbial dolomite reservoirs:A case study of 4th Member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(5):704-715.
[16] HU X, CHEN Y, LIANG X, et al. New technology for direct hydrocarbon reservoir detection using seismic information[R]. Tulsa:SEG, 2005.