板材成形性能试验方法及应用
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摘要
介绍了冲压领域常用板材成形性能试验方法,包括国标收录的拉深、凸耳、杯突、扩孔、弯曲、锥杯、FLC试验,以及国标没有收录的抗凹性、摩擦、拉弯回弹、方板对角拉伸、波纹度试验等试验方法,对各种试验方法从试验目的、试样制备以及试验仪器选用等环节作了详细介绍。然后,针对目前成形性能试验应用中存在的一些问题进行了分析,并给出了建议。最后,对板材成形性研究领域最新的试验技术以及发展前景作了阐述。
This paper introduces the test methods of sheet metal formability commonly used in stamping field, including deep drawing test, earing test, Erichsen cupping test, hole expansion test, bending test, conical cup test, FLC test as stipulated in the national standards, as well as sinking-resistance test, drawing-friction test, springback evaluation in stretch bending test, Yoshida buckling test etc. which were not included in the standards. Test methods are introduced in detail from the aspects of test purpose, sample preparation and selection of test instruments. Then, some problems existing in the current test application are analyzed and some suggestions are given. Finally, the latest experimental technology and development prospects in the field of sheet metal formability research are described.
This paper introduces the test methods of sheet metal formability commonly used in stamping field, including deep drawing test, earing test, Erichsen cupping test, hole expansion test, bending test, conical cup test, FLC test as stipulated in the national standards, as well as sinking-resistance test, drawing-friction test, springback evaluation in stretch bending test, Yoshida buckling test etc. which were not included in the standards. Test methods are introduced in detail from the aspects of test purpose, sample preparation and selection of test instruments. Then, some problems existing in the current test application are analyzed and some suggestions are given. Finally, the latest experimental technology and development prospects in the field of sheet metal formability research are described.
引文
[1]梁炳文,陈孝戴,王志恒.板金成形性能[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.LIANG Bing-wen,CHEN Xiao-dai,WANG Zhi-heng.Sheet Metal Formability[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,1999.
[2]曹宏深.冲压成形性能的基本概念、试验方法与技术物理表达[J].锻压技术,2008,33(1):158-162.CAO Hong-shen.General Concept,Testing Method and Technical Physics Description for Sheet Metal Stamping Formability[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2008,33(1):158-162.
[3]GB/T 15825.1~8,金属薄板成形性能与试验方法[S].National Standards of the People's Republic of China,GB/T 15825.1~8 Sheet Metal Formability and Test Methods[S].
[4]李东升,周贤宾,吕晓东,等.汽车板抗凹性评价体系及试验机系统[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2003,29(5):467-470.LI Dong-sheng,ZHOU Xian-bin,LYU Xiao-dong,et al.Evaluation System of Sinking-Resistance for Auto-Body Sheet Material[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2003,29(5):467-470.
[5]詹华,于长旺,张军,等.高强钢拉伸弯曲回弹试验与仿真研究[J].锻压技术,2016,41(6):21-25.ZHAN Hua,YU Chang-wang,ZHANG Jun,et al.Study on Stretch-bending Springback Experiment and Simulation of High Strength Steel[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2016,41(6):21-25.
[6]周贤宾,周敏.方板对角拉伸试验与板材的综合成形性[J].锻压技术,1985,10(4):52-57.ZHOU Xian-bin,ZHOU Min.Yoshida Buckling Test and Comprehensive Formability of Sheet[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,1985,10(4):52-57.
[7]万敏,王菁,徐伟力.汽车薄钢板不均匀拉伸皱曲行为研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2004,12(4):442-445.WAN Min,WANG Jing,XU Wei-li.Wrinkle Behavior of Automobile Thin Sheet Metals by Modified Yoshida Buckling Test[J].Materials Science&Technology,2004,12(4):442-445.
[8]罗五四,李玲,周存锋,等.汽车用薄钢板表面波纹度试验方法[J].理化检验-物理分册,2015,51(8):570-574.LUO Wu-si,LI Ling,ZHOU Cun-feng,et al.Method of Surface Waviness Testing for Automotive Steel Sheets[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis-Part A:Phys Test,2015,51(8):570-574.
[9]Volkswagen Group’s Standard Departments,Steel Flat Stock for Body Skin Testing of Waviness[S].
[10]王亮,李东升,罗红宇.板材成形拉延摩擦试验机系统设计与实践[J].塑性工程学报,2009,16(6):107-112.WANG Liang,LI Dong-sheng,LUO Hong-yu.Design and Application of Drawing-friction Testing System Used in Sheet Metal Forming[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2009,16(6):107-112.
[11]华林,曹宏深,姜奎华,等.基本冲压成形方式与模拟成形性能试验方法[J].锻压技术,2008,33(1):163-167.HUA Lin,CAO Hong-shen,JIANG Kui-hua,et al.Basic Stamping Formation Mode and Simulated Formability Test Method of Sheet Metal[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2008,33(1):163-167.
[12]王丽英,薛永平.拉深试验测试分析[J].物理测试,2011,29(5):20-22.WANG Li-ying,XUE Yong-ping.Testing Analysis of Drawing Test[J].Physics Examination and Testing,2011,29(5):20-22.
[13]陈东明.网格法测量应变影响因素的研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2012.CHEN Dong-ming,Factors Research on Non-Contact Grid Strain Measure[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2012.
[14]LI Wen-ting,FU Ming-wang,WANG Ji-lai,et al.Grain Size Effect on Multi-stage Micro Deep Drawing of Micro Cup with Domed Bottom[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2016,17(6):765-773.
[15]LI W D,MENG B,WANG C,et al.Effect of Pre-forming and Pressure Path on Deformation Behavior in Multi-pass Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing Process[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2017,121(2):171-180.
[16]MA B L,WAN M,ZHANG H,et al.Evaluation of the Forming Limit Curve of Medium Steel Plate Based on Non-constant Through-thickness Normal Stress[J].International Journal of Manufacturing Process,2018,33:175-183.
[17]LIN J,DEAN T A,GARRETT R P,et al.Process for Forming Metal Alloy Sheet Components:WO2008/059242 A2[P].2008-05-22.
[18]MA B L,WAN M,WU X D,et al.Investigation on Forming Limit of Advanced High Strength Steels(AHSS)under Hot Stamping Conditions[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2017,30(12):320-327.
[19]吴向东.网格应变测量系统与热成形试验机控制系统的研究与开发[R].北京:北京航空航天大学博士后研究工作报告,2006.WU Xiang-dong.Research and Development of Grid Strain Measurement System and Hot Forming Test Machine Control System[R].Beijing:Post-Doctorate Report of Beihang University,2006.
[2]曹宏深.冲压成形性能的基本概念、试验方法与技术物理表达[J].锻压技术,2008,33(1):158-162.CAO Hong-shen.General Concept,Testing Method and Technical Physics Description for Sheet Metal Stamping Formability[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2008,33(1):158-162.
[3]GB/T 15825.1~8,金属薄板成形性能与试验方法[S].National Standards of the People's Republic of China,GB/T 15825.1~8 Sheet Metal Formability and Test Methods[S].
[4]李东升,周贤宾,吕晓东,等.汽车板抗凹性评价体系及试验机系统[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2003,29(5):467-470.LI Dong-sheng,ZHOU Xian-bin,LYU Xiao-dong,et al.Evaluation System of Sinking-Resistance for Auto-Body Sheet Material[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2003,29(5):467-470.
[5]詹华,于长旺,张军,等.高强钢拉伸弯曲回弹试验与仿真研究[J].锻压技术,2016,41(6):21-25.ZHAN Hua,YU Chang-wang,ZHANG Jun,et al.Study on Stretch-bending Springback Experiment and Simulation of High Strength Steel[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2016,41(6):21-25.
[6]周贤宾,周敏.方板对角拉伸试验与板材的综合成形性[J].锻压技术,1985,10(4):52-57.ZHOU Xian-bin,ZHOU Min.Yoshida Buckling Test and Comprehensive Formability of Sheet[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,1985,10(4):52-57.
[7]万敏,王菁,徐伟力.汽车薄钢板不均匀拉伸皱曲行为研究[J].材料科学与工艺,2004,12(4):442-445.WAN Min,WANG Jing,XU Wei-li.Wrinkle Behavior of Automobile Thin Sheet Metals by Modified Yoshida Buckling Test[J].Materials Science&Technology,2004,12(4):442-445.
[8]罗五四,李玲,周存锋,等.汽车用薄钢板表面波纹度试验方法[J].理化检验-物理分册,2015,51(8):570-574.LUO Wu-si,LI Ling,ZHOU Cun-feng,et al.Method of Surface Waviness Testing for Automotive Steel Sheets[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis-Part A:Phys Test,2015,51(8):570-574.
[9]Volkswagen Group’s Standard Departments,Steel Flat Stock for Body Skin Testing of Waviness[S].
[10]王亮,李东升,罗红宇.板材成形拉延摩擦试验机系统设计与实践[J].塑性工程学报,2009,16(6):107-112.WANG Liang,LI Dong-sheng,LUO Hong-yu.Design and Application of Drawing-friction Testing System Used in Sheet Metal Forming[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2009,16(6):107-112.
[11]华林,曹宏深,姜奎华,等.基本冲压成形方式与模拟成形性能试验方法[J].锻压技术,2008,33(1):163-167.HUA Lin,CAO Hong-shen,JIANG Kui-hua,et al.Basic Stamping Formation Mode and Simulated Formability Test Method of Sheet Metal[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2008,33(1):163-167.
[12]王丽英,薛永平.拉深试验测试分析[J].物理测试,2011,29(5):20-22.WANG Li-ying,XUE Yong-ping.Testing Analysis of Drawing Test[J].Physics Examination and Testing,2011,29(5):20-22.
[13]陈东明.网格法测量应变影响因素的研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2012.CHEN Dong-ming,Factors Research on Non-Contact Grid Strain Measure[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2012.
[14]LI Wen-ting,FU Ming-wang,WANG Ji-lai,et al.Grain Size Effect on Multi-stage Micro Deep Drawing of Micro Cup with Domed Bottom[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2016,17(6):765-773.
[15]LI W D,MENG B,WANG C,et al.Effect of Pre-forming and Pressure Path on Deformation Behavior in Multi-pass Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing Process[J].International Journal of Mechanical Sciences,2017,121(2):171-180.
[16]MA B L,WAN M,ZHANG H,et al.Evaluation of the Forming Limit Curve of Medium Steel Plate Based on Non-constant Through-thickness Normal Stress[J].International Journal of Manufacturing Process,2018,33:175-183.
[17]LIN J,DEAN T A,GARRETT R P,et al.Process for Forming Metal Alloy Sheet Components:WO2008/059242 A2[P].2008-05-22.
[18]MA B L,WAN M,WU X D,et al.Investigation on Forming Limit of Advanced High Strength Steels(AHSS)under Hot Stamping Conditions[J].Journal of Manufacturing Processes,2017,30(12):320-327.
[19]吴向东.网格应变测量系统与热成形试验机控制系统的研究与开发[R].北京:北京航空航天大学博士后研究工作报告,2006.WU Xiang-dong.Research and Development of Grid Strain Measurement System and Hot Forming Test Machine Control System[R].Beijing:Post-Doctorate Report of Beihang University,2006.