地沟油热裂解制备燃料油的研究
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摘要
为了实现地沟油的有效回收利用,采用热裂解和催化酯化工艺制备了地沟油生物燃料油,并把制得的燃料油与0#柴油调合进行台架试验测试。结果表明:通过热裂解反应,油品的物质组成发生了变化,热裂解油主要组分为C10~C18的烷烃、烯烃和羧酸等,其中烃类质量分数占64%。裂解油再经过催化酯化反应,油品的燃料性能进一步提高,所制得的生物燃料油性能如下:酸值0.29 mg/g,黏度2.58 mm2/s,热值为44 MJ/kg,冷凝点-7℃,冷滤点-3℃,各性能都符合国家生物柴油标准。台架试验测试混合燃料的动力性能和排放性能,数据表明地沟油生物燃料油对于柴油机动力性能影响甚微,排放尾气环保性能更优。
Waste cooking oil were used to produce biodiesel by pyrolysis and esterification reaction The results showed that main components in pyrolytic oil was main alkanes and alkenes with the carbon chain between C10 and C18(total content reach64%),and a small amount of carboxylic acid compounds.Fuel properties of pyrolytic products were great promoted by esterification reaction.The esterificatied product exhibited good performances with acid value 0.29 mg/g,viscosity 2.58 mm2/s,calorific value 44 MJ/kg,pour point-7 ℃,and cold filter plugging point-3 ℃.They met national standard biodiesel.The performance of diesel engine when blend 0#diesel oil with waste cooking oil biodiesel was tested.The test showed that power and torque of the blending fuel are basically the same,and exhaust emissions of diesel engine are more green than 0#diesel.
Waste cooking oil were used to produce biodiesel by pyrolysis and esterification reaction The results showed that main components in pyrolytic oil was main alkanes and alkenes with the carbon chain between C10 and C18(total content reach64%),and a small amount of carboxylic acid compounds.Fuel properties of pyrolytic products were great promoted by esterification reaction.The esterificatied product exhibited good performances with acid value 0.29 mg/g,viscosity 2.58 mm2/s,calorific value 44 MJ/kg,pour point-7 ℃,and cold filter plugging point-3 ℃.They met national standard biodiesel.The performance of diesel engine when blend 0#diesel oil with waste cooking oil biodiesel was tested.The test showed that power and torque of the blending fuel are basically the same,and exhaust emissions of diesel engine are more green than 0#diesel.
引文
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[2]WANG Yong,OU Shi-yi,LIU Peng-zhan,et al.Comparison of two different processes to synthesize biodiesel by waste cooking oil[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical,2006,252(1/2):107-112.
[3]WIGGERS V R,WISNIEWSKI Jr.A,MADUREIRA L,et al.Biofuels from waste fish oil pyrolysis:Continuous production in a pilot plant[J].Fuel,2009,88(11):2135-2141.
[4]WIGGERS V R,MEIER H F,WISNIEWSKI Jr A,et al.Biofuels from continuous fast pyrolysis of soybean oil:A pilot plant study[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(24):6570-6577.
[5]ENCINAR J M,GONZALEZ J F,MARTINEZ G,et al.Catalytic pyrolysis of exhausted olive oil waste[J].Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,2009,85(1/2):197-203.
[6]钟国添,付严,胡仁腆,等.“地沟油”脂肪酶NOVO435生物催化制备生物润滑油的工艺参数[J].广东化工,2013,40(23):3-4.ZHONG Guo-tian,FU Yan,HU Ren-tian,et al.The technological parameters of waste oils lipase NOVO435 biocatalyzing biological lubricants[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2013,40(23):3-4.
[7]周丽,厉安昕.地沟油制备生物柴油工艺的研究[J].辽宁化工,2013,42(6):616-618.ZHOU Li,LI An-xin.Study on production of biodiesel from waste oil[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2013,42(6):616-618.
[8]ZULLAIKAH S,LAI C,VALI S R,et al.A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil[J].Bioresource technology,2005,96(17):1889-1896.
[9]DUNN R O.Effect of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of methyl soyate(biodiesel)[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2005,86(10):1071-1085.
[10]李为民,姚建,杨洪丽.地沟油制备生物柴油[J].粮食与食品工业,2008,15(1):22-24.LI Wei-min,YAO Jian,YANG Hong-li.Preparation of biodiesel from waste oils[J].Cereal and Food Industry,2008,15(1):22-24.
[11]赵俊芳,韩文凤.复合氧化物催化地沟油制备生物柴油的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2013,34(16):46-48.ZHAO Jun-fang,HAN Wen-feng.Study on biodiesel produced from waste oils on multiple metal oxides catalyst[J].Food Research and Development,2013,34(16):46-48.
[12]徐俊明,肖国民,周永红,等.高酸价油脂快速热裂解制备生物燃油研究[J].太阳能学报,2013,34(2):294-298.XU Jun-ming,XIAO Guo-min,ZHOU Yong-hong,et al.Biofuel production from pyrolysis of high acid value waste oil[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2013,34(2):294-298.
[13]郑典模,屈海宁,孙云.地沟油催化裂解制备生物燃油[J].南昌大学学报:工科版,2010,32(3):242-245.ZHENG Dian-mo,QU Hai-ning,SUN Yun.Biofuel preparation with hogwash oil by catalytic cracking[J].Journal of Nanchang University:Engineering&Technology,2010,32(3):242-245.
[14]李昕光,张文超,李云杰,等.中比例甲醇汽油台架试验及仿真研究[J].森林工程,2014,30(3):84-86.LI Xin-guang,ZHANG Wen-chao,LI Yun-jie,et al.Test and simulation research on the moderate proportion methonal fuel bench[J].Forest Engineering,2014,30(3):84-86.