热排水固结法研究现状综述
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摘要
热排水固结法是处理软土地基的一种新型方法,该法在竖向排水体中增设U型导热管,将导热管内的水预加热并使其在管内循环,实现管-土之间的热交换,从而改变土体的渗透性,加速土体的固结过程,提升地基处理效果。经过分析、总结国内外有关土体"热"方面的研究现状,指出目前研究的不足,对推动热排水固结法的研究有一定的意义;另外,分析了温度因素对地基固结进程及渗透系数的影响规律:温度越高,理想地基的固结度越高,且温差越大,固结度差值越大;温度较高时到达某一固结度所需时间比温度较低时到达同一固结度所需时间少;热排水固结法中温度升高能够有效改善土的渗透性。
The thermal drainage consolidation is a new method of the combined heat treatment of soft soil foundation. Through this method, a U-shaped heat conduction pipe is added in the vertical drainage channels to preheat the water in the heat conducting pipe to a certain temperature and make it circulate in the pipe to achieve heat exchange between the pipe and soil, which results in changing the permeability of soil, accelerating the consolidation speed of soil and enhancing the treatment effect of foundation. This paper summarizes the research status of soil thermal effect and thermal consolidation at home and abroad, points out the deficiency of the current research, and puts forward the suggestion of applying thermal drainage consolidation to soft foundation treatment, which is of certain significance for promoting the research of thermal drainage consolidation method. Finally, the influence of temperature on the process of foundation consolidation and permeability coefficient is analyzed. The results show that the higher the temperature, the higher the degree of consolidation of the ideal foundation, and the greater the temperature difference, the greater the degree of consolidation difference. It takes less time to reach a certain degree of consolidation when the temperature is higher than when the temperature is lower. The permeability of soil can be improved by increasing the temperature in the thermal drainage consolidation method.
The thermal drainage consolidation is a new method of the combined heat treatment of soft soil foundation. Through this method, a U-shaped heat conduction pipe is added in the vertical drainage channels to preheat the water in the heat conducting pipe to a certain temperature and make it circulate in the pipe to achieve heat exchange between the pipe and soil, which results in changing the permeability of soil, accelerating the consolidation speed of soil and enhancing the treatment effect of foundation. This paper summarizes the research status of soil thermal effect and thermal consolidation at home and abroad, points out the deficiency of the current research, and puts forward the suggestion of applying thermal drainage consolidation to soft foundation treatment, which is of certain significance for promoting the research of thermal drainage consolidation method. Finally, the influence of temperature on the process of foundation consolidation and permeability coefficient is analyzed. The results show that the higher the temperature, the higher the degree of consolidation of the ideal foundation, and the greater the temperature difference, the greater the degree of consolidation difference. It takes less time to reach a certain degree of consolidation when the temperature is higher than when the temperature is lower. The permeability of soil can be improved by increasing the temperature in the thermal drainage consolidation method.
引文
[1]GRAY H.Progress report on the consolidation of fine-grained soils[C]//proceedings,first international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering.Cambridge,Mass,1936:138-141.
[2]MITCHELL J K.Temperature effects on the engineering properties and behavior of soils[C]//Highway Research Board.Effects of Temperature and Heat on Engineering Behavior of Soils,Special Report 103.Washington,1969:9-27.
[3]FINN F N.The effect of temperature on the consolidation characteristics of remolded clay[C]//American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM STP 126).Symposium on Consolidation Testing of Soils.PhiladelPhia,1951:65-71.
[4]HABIBAGAHI K.Temperature effect on consolidation behaviour of overconsolidated soils[C]//Proceedings,eighth international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering.Moscow,1973:159-162.
[5]BURGHIGNOLI A,DESIDERI A,MILIZIANO S.A laboratory study on the thermomechanical behaviour of clayey soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):764-780.
[6]TOWHATA I,KUNTIWATTANAKU P,SEKO I,et al.Volume change of clays induced by heating as observed in consolidation tests[J].Soils and Foundations,1993,33(4):170-183.
[7]HABIBAGAHI K.Temperature effect and the concept of effective void ratio[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,1977(1):14-34.
[8]MITCHELL J K,KAO T C.Measurement of soil thermal resistivity[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(10):1307-1320.
[9]CHO W J,LEE J O,CHUN K S.The temperature effects on hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,1999,14(1-3):47-58.
[10]DELAGE P,SULTAN N,CUI Y J,et al.Permeability changes in Boom clay with temperature[C].International Conference and Workshop“Impact of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical(THMC)processes on the safety of underground radioactive waste repositories”,European Union,Luxembourg,2009.
[11]白冰,陈星欣.热-冷反复变化过程中饱和黏性土的热固结试验研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):139-144.
[12]白冰,苏钟琴,杨海朋.一种饱和粉质黏土的热固结特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):12-17.
[13]高燕希,冯战,郑健龙.非饱和土抗剪强度的温度性质[J].长沙交通学院学报,2002,18(4):68-71.
[14]欧孝夺,吴恒,周东.广西红黏土和膨胀土热力学特性的比较研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(7):1068-1072.
[15]邵玉娴,施斌,高磊,等.温度对非饱和土抗剪强度影响的试验研究[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(2):213-217.
[16]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[17]PAASWELL R E.Temperature effects on clay consolidation[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,ASCE,1967,93(3):9-22.
[18]BORSETTO M,CRICCHI D,HUECKEL T,et al.On numerical models for the analysis of nuclear waste disposal in geological clay formations[C]//LEWIS R W.Numerical Methods for Transient and Coupled Problems.6th ed.Swansea:Pineridge Press,1984:608-618.
[19]HUECKEL T,BORSETTO M,PEANO A.Modelling of coupled thermo-elasto-plastic-hydraulic response of clays subjected to nuclear waste heat[C]//LEWIS R W,HINTON E,BETTES P,et al.Numerical methods for transient and coupled problems.Chichester:John Wiley,1987:213-235.
[20]CUI Y J.A thermomechanical model for saturated clays[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,37(2):607-620.
[21]LALOUI L,CEKEREVAC C.Thermo-plasticity of clays:an isotropic yield mechanism[J].ComputGeotech,2003,30(8):649-660.
[22]LALOUI L,CEKEREVAC C.Numerical simulation of the non-isothermal mechanical behaviour of soils[J].ComputGeotech,2008,35(5):729-745.
[23]HUECKEL T,FRANC B,LALOUI L.Explaining thermal failure in saturated clays[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(3):197-212.
[24]ABUEL-NAGAH M,BERGADO D T,BOUAZZA A,et al.Thermomechanical model for saturated clays[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(3):273-278.
[25]姚仰平,万征,杨一帆,等.饱和黏土不排水剪切的热破坏[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2561-2569.
[26]陶海冰,刘干斌,谢康和,等.竖井地基热排水固结本构模型及试验验证[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(6):1077-1085.
[27]BIOT M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12(2):155-164.
[28]BAI M,ABOUSLEIMAN Y.Thermoporoelastic coupling with application to consolidation[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1997,21(2):121-132.
[29]BOOKER J R,SAVVIDOU C.Consolidation around a point heat source[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1985,9(2):173-184.
[30]吴瑞潜.饱和土一维热固结解析理论研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[31]刘干斌,谢康和,郑荣跃.考虑非线性多孔弹性介质热流固耦合动力响应模型[J].中国科学,2009,39(2):359-367.
[32]白冰.无限长圆柱饱和多孔热弹性介质的固结解[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1665-1670.
[33]CAMPANELLA R G,MITCHELL J K.Influence of temperature variation on soil behavior[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,1968,94(3):709-734.
[34]TANAKA N,GRAHAM J.Pore water pressures in undrained triaxial tests with heating[C].The 2nd Int.Congress on Environmenlal Geoterhnics.Osaka,Japan,1996.
[35]DELAGE SULTAN N,CUI Y J.On the thermal consolidation of boom clay[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):343-354.
[36]BALDI G,HUECKEL T,PELLEGRINI R.Thermal volume change of the mineral-water system in low-porosity clay soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(4):807-825.
[37]TIDFORS M.Temperature effect on preconsolidation pressure[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1989,12(1):93-97.
[38]TOWHATA I,KUNTIWATTANAKU P,SEKO I,et al.Volume change of clays induced by heating as observed inconsolidation tests[J].Soils and Foundations,1993,33(4):170-183.
[39]尹铁锋,刘干斌,郭桢,等.竖井地基热排水固结理论初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):41-46.
[40]范高飞,刘干斌,黎明,等.基于非等温管道流竖井地基热排水固结模拟[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S1):614-618.
[2]MITCHELL J K.Temperature effects on the engineering properties and behavior of soils[C]//Highway Research Board.Effects of Temperature and Heat on Engineering Behavior of Soils,Special Report 103.Washington,1969:9-27.
[3]FINN F N.The effect of temperature on the consolidation characteristics of remolded clay[C]//American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM STP 126).Symposium on Consolidation Testing of Soils.PhiladelPhia,1951:65-71.
[4]HABIBAGAHI K.Temperature effect on consolidation behaviour of overconsolidated soils[C]//Proceedings,eighth international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering.Moscow,1973:159-162.
[5]BURGHIGNOLI A,DESIDERI A,MILIZIANO S.A laboratory study on the thermomechanical behaviour of clayey soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):764-780.
[6]TOWHATA I,KUNTIWATTANAKU P,SEKO I,et al.Volume change of clays induced by heating as observed in consolidation tests[J].Soils and Foundations,1993,33(4):170-183.
[7]HABIBAGAHI K.Temperature effect and the concept of effective void ratio[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,1977(1):14-34.
[8]MITCHELL J K,KAO T C.Measurement of soil thermal resistivity[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(10):1307-1320.
[9]CHO W J,LEE J O,CHUN K S.The temperature effects on hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite[J].Applied Clay Science,1999,14(1-3):47-58.
[10]DELAGE P,SULTAN N,CUI Y J,et al.Permeability changes in Boom clay with temperature[C].International Conference and Workshop“Impact of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical(THMC)processes on the safety of underground radioactive waste repositories”,European Union,Luxembourg,2009.
[11]白冰,陈星欣.热-冷反复变化过程中饱和黏性土的热固结试验研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):139-144.
[12]白冰,苏钟琴,杨海朋.一种饱和粉质黏土的热固结特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2012,33(1):12-17.
[13]高燕希,冯战,郑健龙.非饱和土抗剪强度的温度性质[J].长沙交通学院学报,2002,18(4):68-71.
[14]欧孝夺,吴恒,周东.广西红黏土和膨胀土热力学特性的比较研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(7):1068-1072.
[15]邵玉娴,施斌,高磊,等.温度对非饱和土抗剪强度影响的试验研究[J].高校地质学报,2009,15(2):213-217.
[16]李广信.高等土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[17]PAASWELL R E.Temperature effects on clay consolidation[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,ASCE,1967,93(3):9-22.
[18]BORSETTO M,CRICCHI D,HUECKEL T,et al.On numerical models for the analysis of nuclear waste disposal in geological clay formations[C]//LEWIS R W.Numerical Methods for Transient and Coupled Problems.6th ed.Swansea:Pineridge Press,1984:608-618.
[19]HUECKEL T,BORSETTO M,PEANO A.Modelling of coupled thermo-elasto-plastic-hydraulic response of clays subjected to nuclear waste heat[C]//LEWIS R W,HINTON E,BETTES P,et al.Numerical methods for transient and coupled problems.Chichester:John Wiley,1987:213-235.
[20]CUI Y J.A thermomechanical model for saturated clays[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2002,37(2):607-620.
[21]LALOUI L,CEKEREVAC C.Thermo-plasticity of clays:an isotropic yield mechanism[J].ComputGeotech,2003,30(8):649-660.
[22]LALOUI L,CEKEREVAC C.Numerical simulation of the non-isothermal mechanical behaviour of soils[J].ComputGeotech,2008,35(5):729-745.
[23]HUECKEL T,FRANC B,LALOUI L.Explaining thermal failure in saturated clays[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(3):197-212.
[24]ABUEL-NAGAH M,BERGADO D T,BOUAZZA A,et al.Thermomechanical model for saturated clays[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(3):273-278.
[25]姚仰平,万征,杨一帆,等.饱和黏土不排水剪切的热破坏[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2561-2569.
[26]陶海冰,刘干斌,谢康和,等.竖井地基热排水固结本构模型及试验验证[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(6):1077-1085.
[27]BIOT M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1941,12(2):155-164.
[28]BAI M,ABOUSLEIMAN Y.Thermoporoelastic coupling with application to consolidation[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1997,21(2):121-132.
[29]BOOKER J R,SAVVIDOU C.Consolidation around a point heat source[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,1985,9(2):173-184.
[30]吴瑞潜.饱和土一维热固结解析理论研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[31]刘干斌,谢康和,郑荣跃.考虑非线性多孔弹性介质热流固耦合动力响应模型[J].中国科学,2009,39(2):359-367.
[32]白冰.无限长圆柱饱和多孔热弹性介质的固结解[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(11):1665-1670.
[33]CAMPANELLA R G,MITCHELL J K.Influence of temperature variation on soil behavior[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Division,1968,94(3):709-734.
[34]TANAKA N,GRAHAM J.Pore water pressures in undrained triaxial tests with heating[C].The 2nd Int.Congress on Environmenlal Geoterhnics.Osaka,Japan,1996.
[35]DELAGE SULTAN N,CUI Y J.On the thermal consolidation of boom clay[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37(4):343-354.
[36]BALDI G,HUECKEL T,PELLEGRINI R.Thermal volume change of the mineral-water system in low-porosity clay soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1988,25(4):807-825.
[37]TIDFORS M.Temperature effect on preconsolidation pressure[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,1989,12(1):93-97.
[38]TOWHATA I,KUNTIWATTANAKU P,SEKO I,et al.Volume change of clays induced by heating as observed inconsolidation tests[J].Soils and Foundations,1993,33(4):170-183.
[39]尹铁锋,刘干斌,郭桢,等.竖井地基热排水固结理论初探[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(3):41-46.
[40]范高飞,刘干斌,黎明,等.基于非等温管道流竖井地基热排水固结模拟[J].岩土力学,2015,36(S1):614-618.