我国儿童博物馆的创新实践与教育效果——基于对老牛探索馆内儿童的追踪观察
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摘要
中国儿童中心老牛儿童探索馆是由政府、基金会、高校研究机构三方建立的第一家融合国际先进教育理念和运作模式的公益性儿童博物馆。该馆分为开心集市、阳光之谷、科学天地等展厅,通过提供科学、人文、艺术等领域活动空间、体验设备和工作坊活动,开展了不少创新实践。为从儿童个体发展视角探究该馆的教育效果,对83名儿童实施了半结构化的追踪观察,在接近一年的时间内,39位儿童被观察了至少2次,19位儿童被观察了至少4次。观察内容涵盖儿童入馆状态、活动区域、互动情况等。对观察记录和视频照片的分析发现,馆内活动经历在一定程度上提升了儿童的学习兴趣、科学素养和问题解决能力;部分家长的行为也发生了改变。对某流动儿童群体的观察和教师访谈也呈现了积极的效果。
The China National Children's Center Lao Niu Children's Discovery Museum is the first public welfare children's museum established by the government,the foundation and university research institutions,which integrates the international advanced education concepts and operation modes.The museum is divided into happy market,sunshine valley,science world and other exhibition halls.Through providing activity space,experience equipment and workshop activities in science,humanities,art and other fields,the museum has carried out many innovative practices.In order to explore the educational effect of the museum from the perspective of individual development of children,semi-structured longitudinal observation was carried out for 83 children in nearly one year,39 of them were observed at least twice and 19 of them were observed at least 4 times in nearly one year.The observation contents include children's admission status,activity area and interaction.Through the analysis of the observation records and video photos,it is found that the activity experience in the museum has improved children's learning interest,scientific literacy and problem-solving ability to some extent.Some parents' behavior has also changed.The observation of a group of migrant children and interviews with teachers also show positive effects.
The China National Children's Center Lao Niu Children's Discovery Museum is the first public welfare children's museum established by the government,the foundation and university research institutions,which integrates the international advanced education concepts and operation modes.The museum is divided into happy market,sunshine valley,science world and other exhibition halls.Through providing activity space,experience equipment and workshop activities in science,humanities,art and other fields,the museum has carried out many innovative practices.In order to explore the educational effect of the museum from the perspective of individual development of children,semi-structured longitudinal observation was carried out for 83 children in nearly one year,39 of them were observed at least twice and 19 of them were observed at least 4 times in nearly one year.The observation contents include children's admission status,activity area and interaction.Through the analysis of the observation records and video photos,it is found that the activity experience in the museum has improved children's learning interest,scientific literacy and problem-solving ability to some extent.Some parents' behavior has also changed.The observation of a group of migrant children and interviews with teachers also show positive effects.
引文
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[15][美]莎朗·E.谢弗著,于雯、刘鑫译:《让孩子爱上博物馆》,译林出版社,2018年,第123页。
[2][5]Mayfield,M.I.Children's museums;Purposes,practices and play?,Early Child Development and Care,2005,175(2):179-192.
[3]周婧景:《博物馆儿童教育与儿童博物馆的发展》,《学前教育研究》2015年第1期。
[4] Luke,J.,J.,&Windl,eharth,T.The learning value of children's museums:Building a field-wide research agenda-A landscape review.Association of Children's Museum,2013.
[6]Heckman,J.J.Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children.Science,312(5782),2006.pp.1900-1902.
[7]Shore,R..Rethinking the Brain:New Insights into Early Development.New York:Families and Work Institute,1997.
[8]Cooney,W.,C.Cross,and B.Trunk.From Plato to Piaget:The Greatest Educat:ion Theorists from Across the Centuries and Around the World.Lanham,MD:University Press of America,1993.
[9][英]Carole Sharman、Wendy Cross、Diana Vennis著,单敏月、王晓平译:《观察儿童实践操作指南》,华东师范大学出版社,2008年,第14页。
[10]陈向明:《质的研究方法与社会科学研究》,教育科学出版社,2000年,第227页。
[11]Beaumont,L.Developing the Adult Child Interaction Inventory:A Methodological Study.The Boston Children's Museum,Boston,MA,2010.
[12]蔡春美、洪福财:《幼儿行为观察与记录》,华东师范大学出版社,2013年,第62页。
[13]侯素雯、林建华:《幼儿行为观察与指导这样做》,华东师范大学出版社,2014年,第61页。
[14]Csikszentmihalyi,M.,and Hermanson.Intrinsic Motivation in Museums:Why Does One Want To Leam?in the Education Role of the Museum(second education),edited by E.Hooper-Greenhill,London:Routledge,1999,pp.146-160.
[15][美]莎朗·E.谢弗著,于雯、刘鑫译:《让孩子爱上博物馆》,译林出版社,2018年,第123页。