地域和收获期对天然牧草营养价值的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究地域和收获期对天然牧草营养价值的影响。对甘肃省草地面积较大的甘南州合作市、碌曲县、玛曲县和夏河县4个地域,按6、7、8、9、11月份为不同牧草收获期进行采样,每个地域每个收获月份采样在10个重复以上,共采样253份,对其进行营养成分测定及其比较。结果表明:不同地域天然牧草的营养价值存在较大差异,不同地域天然牧草品质依次为合作市>夏河县=碌曲县>玛曲县;不同收获期对天然牧草的营养价值有显著影响,随着收获期的滞后,天然牧草中CP含量逐渐降低,而NDF、ADF含量逐渐增高。6、7、8月份天然牧草中CP含量较高,且NDF、ADF含量较低,故牧草品质较好;9月份和11月份天然牧草CP含量明显降低,NDF、ADF含量逐渐增高,牧草品质降低。
This test aims to study the effects of the region and harvest period on the nutritional value of natural pasture. For the four regions of Hezuo city,Luqu county,Maqu county and Xiahe county of Gannan state with large grassland area in Gansu province,samples were collected for different harvest periods in June,July,August,September and November. Each harvest month in each region is sampled over 10 replicates,and a total of 253 samples were sampled. The nutrients of them were determined and compared. The results showed that the nutritional value of natural pastures in different regions was quite different. It was found that the quality of natural pastures in different regions was the Hezuo city>Xiahe county=Luqu county>Maqu county; Different harvest periods had a significant impact on the nutritional value of natural pasture. With the lag of harvest period,the content of CP in natural pasture gradually decreased,while the content of NDF and ADF increased gradually. In June,July and August,the content of CP in natural pasture was higher,and the content of NDF and ADF was lower,so the nutritional quality of natural pasture was better. The content of CP in natural pasture was significantly reduced in September and November,the content of NDF and ADF was gradually increased, and the quality of natural pasture was reduced.
This test aims to study the effects of the region and harvest period on the nutritional value of natural pasture. For the four regions of Hezuo city,Luqu county,Maqu county and Xiahe county of Gannan state with large grassland area in Gansu province,samples were collected for different harvest periods in June,July,August,September and November. Each harvest month in each region is sampled over 10 replicates,and a total of 253 samples were sampled. The nutrients of them were determined and compared. The results showed that the nutritional value of natural pastures in different regions was quite different. It was found that the quality of natural pastures in different regions was the Hezuo city>Xiahe county=Luqu county>Maqu county; Different harvest periods had a significant impact on the nutritional value of natural pasture. With the lag of harvest period,the content of CP in natural pasture gradually decreased,while the content of NDF and ADF increased gradually. In June,July and August,the content of CP in natural pasture was higher,and the content of NDF and ADF was lower,so the nutritional quality of natural pasture was better. The content of CP in natural pasture was significantly reduced in September and November,the content of NDF and ADF was gradually increased, and the quality of natural pasture was reduced.
引文
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[28]王德平,陈万杰,赵天启,等.刈割对大针茅草原产量和牧草营养品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2019,41(1):89-93.
[29]严学兵.牦牛对高寒牧区天然草地和人工草地牧草消化性的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2000.
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[32]朱新强.不同生态区4个苜蓿品种营养品质及抗旱性评价[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2011.
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[34]陈平,叶栋,陆鸿材,等.广西一些草场牧草营养成分的研究[J].广西植物,1985(2):111-119.
[35]霍海丽,王琦,张恩和,等.灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿干草产量及营养成分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):117-126.
[2]王建兵.甘肃中西部干旱半干旱地区草原管理问题研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013.
[3]许国成.甘肃省草地畜牧业转型发展战略与对策[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,35(3):64-67.
[4]史静.甘肃省草地植物区系及植物资源调查研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2014.
[5]吴发莉,王之盛,杨勤,等.甘南碌曲和合作地区冬夏季高寒天然牧草生产特性、营养成分和饲用价值分析[J].草业学报,2014,23(4):31-38.
[6]杨宏伟.气候变化对碌曲县牧业生产的影响及应对措施[J].现代农业科技,2018(20):187-188.
[7]许涛,祁娟,蒲小鹏,等.甘南玛曲七种主要饲草营养价值比较[J].中国草地学报,2012,34(3):113-116.
[8]童涛.那曲地区放牧草地营养的季节性变化和西藏绒山羊的采食喜好研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[9]高亚敏.气候变化对通辽草甸草原草本植物物候期的影响[J].草业科学,2018,35(2):423-433.
[10]红敏.不同生长阶段天然牧草品质评定比较研究[J].饲料研究,2012(12):79-81.
[11]石岳,马殷雷,马文红,等.中国草地的产草量和牧草品质:格局及其与环境因子之间的关系[J].科学通报,2013,58(3):226-239.
[12]梁建勇,焦婷,吴建平,等.不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J].草业学报,2015,24(6):108-115.
[13]余苗,王卉,问鑫,等.牧草品质的主要评价指标及其影响因素[J].中国饲料,2013(13):1-7.
[14] Dwayne R B.Quality-related charateristics of forages as influenced by plant environment and agronomic factors[J].Animal Feed Science Technology,1996,59(1/3):37-49.
[15] Lacefield G,Henning J C,Collins M,et al.Quality hay production[R].University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service,Lexington K Y,1996.
[16] Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991(74):3583-3597.
[17]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-80.
[18]吴发莉.不同区域和季节对高寒天然牧草品质的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2014.
[19] Johnson J A,Caton J S,Poland W,et al.Influnce of season on dietary composition,intake,and digestion by beef steers grazing mixed-grass prairie in the northern great plains[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(6):1682-1690.
[20] Hammond J P,Broadley M R,White P J.Genetic responses to phosphorus deficiency[J].Ann Bot,2004,94(3):323-332.
[21]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[22]人民教育出版社生物室.全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)生物(第一册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[23]钟金凤.青海海西、海南州不同季节矿物元素的盈缺分析[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.
[24]许贵善.青海海西土-草-畜系统中八种矿物元素季节变化和盈缺规律的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005.
[25]周安国,陈代文.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[26]单安山.饲料与饲养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[27]杜雪燕,王迅,柴沙驼,等.应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评定不同物候期天然牧草营养价值[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(1):260-263.
[28]王德平,陈万杰,赵天启,等.刈割对大针茅草原产量和牧草营养品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2019,41(1):89-93.
[29]严学兵.牦牛对高寒牧区天然草地和人工草地牧草消化性的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2000.
[30] Xin G S,Long R J,Guo X S,et al.Blood minneral status of grazing Tibetan sheep in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Livestock Science,2011,136(2/3):102-107.
[31] Niwinska B,Strzetelski J A,Kowalczyk J,et al.The effect of phonological stage and season on nutritive value,chemical compositon and nutrient digestibility of Lucerne(Medicago sative L.)green forage in the alimentary tract of cattle[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2005,50(11):511-518.
[32]朱新强.不同生态区4个苜蓿品种营养品质及抗旱性评价[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2011.
[33]刘建新.干草秸秆青贮饲料加工技术[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2003.
[34]陈平,叶栋,陆鸿材,等.广西一些草场牧草营养成分的研究[J].广西植物,1985(2):111-119.
[35]霍海丽,王琦,张恩和,等.灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿干草产量及营养成分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):117-126.