海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警指标体系和技术方法示范性验证及修改建议——以天津市汉沽海域为例
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摘要
文章采用《海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警指标体系和技术方法指南(草案稿)》(以下简称《技术指南》)开展了天津汉沽海域海洋资源环境承载能力评估试点研究与示范性验证,验证了《技术指南》中指标体系、评估阈值与评估方法的适用性,根据验证结果提出了相应的修改建议。建议:一是调整海洋空间资源承载能力影响因子;二是海洋环境承载状况建议以区域近10年水质达标率最大值作为可载的判断标准并增加沉积物综合污染指数;三是海洋生态承载状况指标建议采用游泳动物生物量指标,增加浮游生物、底栖生物指标并建议以区域10年平均值为基准;四是生态环境风险状态考虑赤潮面积;五是指标权重值确定建议采用层次分析法。综合考虑生态系统的完整性以及区域特点重新构建了天津汉沽海域海洋资源环境承载能力评估模型,该模型得出的评估结果总体上略好于《技术指南》。上述研究成果可为进一步完善国家海洋资源环境承载能力监测预警工作提供技术支撑。
In this paper,the pilot study and exemplary verification of evaluation of marine resources and environment carrying capacity in Hangu sea area of Tianjin were carried out by the"Technical Manual of the Index System and evaluation methods of Marine Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early-Warning".The index system,evaluation threshold and evaluation methods in the Technical Manual were verified,and the corresponding revising suggestions were put forward according to the results of the verification.There were five amendment suggestions.First,the impact factors of the capacity of marine space resources should be adjusted.Second,the maximum of the rate of water quality reaching standard in water environment function zones during the past 10 years should be taken as the standard of within carrying status and the pollution comprehensive index of sediment should be increased.Third,the cell abundance of phytoplankton,the density and the biomass of zooplankton and benthos,the biomass of nekton and the diversity index(H′)should be used to the index of ecological carrying capacity and the average of past 10 years of these index should be taken as the standard.Fourth,the area of red tide should be used to the index of the state of ecological environment risk.Fifth,the weight of the index should be determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The evaluation model of the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment in Hangu sea area was rebuilt in consideration of the integrity of the ecosystem and the regional characteristics.The evaluation results obtained by the new model were generally slightly better than the technical Manual.The above research results can provide technical support for further improving the index system and evaluation methods of the monitoring and early-warning of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity.
In this paper,the pilot study and exemplary verification of evaluation of marine resources and environment carrying capacity in Hangu sea area of Tianjin were carried out by the"Technical Manual of the Index System and evaluation methods of Marine Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Monitoring and Early-Warning".The index system,evaluation threshold and evaluation methods in the Technical Manual were verified,and the corresponding revising suggestions were put forward according to the results of the verification.There were five amendment suggestions.First,the impact factors of the capacity of marine space resources should be adjusted.Second,the maximum of the rate of water quality reaching standard in water environment function zones during the past 10 years should be taken as the standard of within carrying status and the pollution comprehensive index of sediment should be increased.Third,the cell abundance of phytoplankton,the density and the biomass of zooplankton and benthos,the biomass of nekton and the diversity index(H′)should be used to the index of ecological carrying capacity and the average of past 10 years of these index should be taken as the standard.Fourth,the area of red tide should be used to the index of the state of ecological environment risk.Fifth,the weight of the index should be determined by the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The evaluation model of the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment in Hangu sea area was rebuilt in consideration of the integrity of the ecosystem and the regional characteristics.The evaluation results obtained by the new model were generally slightly better than the technical Manual.The above research results can provide technical support for further improving the index system and evaluation methods of the monitoring and early-warning of marine resources and environmental carrying capacity.
引文
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[11]张继民,刘霜,尹韦翰,等.黄河口区域综合承载力评估指标体系初步构建及应用[J].海洋通报,2012,31(5):496-501.
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[2] VERHULST P F.Notice surlaloiquela population suit dansson accroissement Corresp[J].Math.Phys,1838,10:113-121.
[3]关道明,张志锋,杨正先,等.海洋资源环境承载能力理论与测度方法的探索[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,1241-1247.
[4]樊杰,王亚飞,汤青,等.全国资源环境承载能力监测预警(2014版)学术思路与总体技术流程[J].地理科学,2015,35(1):1-10.
[5]国家海洋局.HY/T 087-2005近岸海洋生态健康评价指南[S].2005.
[6]叶属锋,等.长江三角洲海岸带区域综合承载力评估与决策:理论与实践[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[7]谭映宇,张平,刘荣子,等.渤海内主要海湾资源和生态环境承载力比较研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(12):7-12.
[8]杨静,张仁铎,翁士创,等.海岸带环境承载力评价方法研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):178-185.
[9]翁骏超.海湾生态系统综合承载力评估:以象山港为例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015.
[10]于谨凯,杨志坤.基于模糊综合评价的渤海近海海域生态环境承载力研究[J].经济管理研究,2012(3):54-60.
[11]张继民,刘霜,尹韦翰,等.黄河口区域综合承载力评估指标体系初步构建及应用[J].海洋通报,2012,31(5):496-501.
[12]曹可,吴佳璐,狄乾斌.基于模糊综合评判的辽宁省海域承载力研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(6):838-842.
[13]国家海洋局.HY/T 080-2005滨海湿地生态监测技术规程[S].2005.
[14]国家海洋局.HYT128-2010海洋经济生物质量风险评价指南[S].2010.