我国南海海洋国家公园建设
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摘要
为进一步保护我国南海海洋生态环境和海洋历史文化,促进南海地区社会经济的可持续发展,同时完善我国国家公园制度建设,文章在概述我国国家公园和国内外海洋公园建设情况的基础上,分析建设我国南海海洋国家公园的必要性和面临的挑战,并提出政策建议。研究结果表明:我国相继建设国家级风景名胜区和国家公园,其中国家公园规模更大,且以生态环境保护为主;美国等海洋国家公园的建设实践较完善;我国具有海洋公园建设和管理优势,但也存在不足,尤其尚未建立海洋国家公园;我国南海海洋国家公园建设在保护生态环境、传承传统文化、管理旅游活动和恢复渔业资源等方面的意义重大,但面临体制机制创新、管理技术突破以及人与自然和谐相处等方面的挑战;建设我国南海海洋国家公园应以珊瑚礁保护区为基础、以国家公园体制改革为契机、生态环境保护与社会经济发展并行、发扬海洋历史文化以及建立海洋科研基地。
In order to further protect the marine ecological environment and marine history and culture in the South China Sea,promote the sustainable social and economic development of the South China Sea region,and improve the construction of the national park system in the South China Sea,on the basis of summarizing the construction of national parks and marine parks at home and abroad,this paper analyzed the necessity and challenges of constructing the marine national parks in the South China Sea,and put forward some policy suggestions.The results showed that China had built national scenic spots and national parks one after another,in which the national parks were larger in scale and mainly in the protection of ecological environment,the construction practice of marine national parks such as the United States was perfect.China has the advantages of marine park construction and management,but there are also shortcomings,especially the establishment of marine national park.The construction of the South China Sea Ocean National Park is of great significance in protecting the ecological environment,inheriting traditional culture,managing tourism activities and restoring fishery resources,but faces the innovation of the system and mechanism.The breakthrough of management technology and the challenge of harmony between human and nature.The construction of the South China Sea Ocean National Park should be based on the coral reef protection area,take the reform of the national park system as the opportunity,carry forward the marine history and culture,and establish the marine scientific research base in parallel with the social and economic development.
In order to further protect the marine ecological environment and marine history and culture in the South China Sea,promote the sustainable social and economic development of the South China Sea region,and improve the construction of the national park system in the South China Sea,on the basis of summarizing the construction of national parks and marine parks at home and abroad,this paper analyzed the necessity and challenges of constructing the marine national parks in the South China Sea,and put forward some policy suggestions.The results showed that China had built national scenic spots and national parks one after another,in which the national parks were larger in scale and mainly in the protection of ecological environment,the construction practice of marine national parks such as the United States was perfect.China has the advantages of marine park construction and management,but there are also shortcomings,especially the establishment of marine national park.The construction of the South China Sea Ocean National Park is of great significance in protecting the ecological environment,inheriting traditional culture,managing tourism activities and restoring fishery resources,but faces the innovation of the system and mechanism.The breakthrough of management technology and the challenge of harmony between human and nature.The construction of the South China Sea Ocean National Park should be based on the coral reef protection area,take the reform of the national park system as the opportunity,carry forward the marine history and culture,and establish the marine scientific research base in parallel with the social and economic development.
引文
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[2]国家发展改革委.国家发展改革委关于印发三江源国家公园总体规划的通知[EB/OL].(2018-01-17)[2019-02-05].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201801/t20180117_874117.html.
[3]杨维思.东北虎豹国家公园:谋求人与虎豹共赢生态移民非首选项[N/OL].(2018-11-20)[2019-02-05].http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2018/11-20/8681473.shtml.
[4]于莹,刘大海,刘芳明,等.美国最新海洋(海岛)保护区动态及趋势分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2015,32(2):1-4.
[5]林新珍.美国海洋保护区法律制度探析[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(4):594-598.
[6]STEWART E J,HOWELL S E L,DRAPER D,et al.Cruise tourism in a warming arctic:implications for Northern National Parks[A].Contributed Paper for the Canadian Parks for Tomorrow:40th Anniversary Conference[C].Calgary:University of Calgary,2015.
[7]鲍铁薇.跨越国界的公园[J].大自然探索,2001(12):76-77.
[8]吴虹憓.海南旧方志中的南海史料研究[D].海口:海南师范大学,2017.
[9]史海钩沉.南沙群岛属于中国的六类史记[J].西部资源,2012(4):71.
[10]余斌霞.马王堆汉墓《地形图》研究综述[J].湖南省博物馆馆刊,2013(集刊):64-75.