刈割期及添加剂对甜高粱青贮发酵品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究刈割期与添加剂对甜高粱青贮饲料发酵品质和营养成分的影响。【方法】以新高粱3号、新高粱9号为供试品种,选择乳熟期、蜡熟期、完熟期3个时期刈割,并以不添加,添加尿素、青贮添加剂进行青贮制作,在青贮60 d后取样分析其发酵品质及营养价值。【结果】随着甜高粱刈割期的后移,粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量逐渐减少,在完熟期时达到最低,新高粱3号分别为13. 58%、23. 51%、16. 35%,新高粱9号分别为16. 74%、29. 55%、21. 34%,与乳熟期相比分别降低了15. 3%～32. 85%、20. 87%～57. 31%、21. 4%～24. 76%;完熟期时新高粱3号的体外消化率与粗蛋白含量可达到65. 35%、8. 16%,比乳熟期时提高了48. 4%、0. 86%。在青贮过程中,加入青贮添加剂和尿素后蛋白质含量分别比空白组提高了3. 34%～4. 4%、6. 5%～11. 4%;体外消化率分别比空白组提高了7. 17%～23. 22%、1. 22%～17. 06%;同时降低了青贮饲料的p H值,有效减少了干物质及可溶性碳水化合物的损失。【结论】种植于新疆北疆地区的甜高粱宜在完熟期刈割制作青贮,且青贮时加入添加剂可改善青贮饲料的发酵品质和体外消化率。
【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cutting time and additives on the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of sweet sorghum silage.【Method】The new sorghum No.3 and new sorghum No. 9 were used as the tested varieties in this experiment. Milk ripening stage,the dough stage and complete ripening stage were selected for cutting,and the silage was made by adding urea and silage additive without adding,adding urea and silage additive. After 60 days of silage,the fermentation quality and nutritional value were analyzed.【Result】With the cutting period of sweet sorghum moving backward,the contents of crude fiber,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber gradually decreased and reached the lowest level during the ripe stage,XT-2 was 13. 58%,23. 51%,and 16. 35%,respectively,and T601 was16. 74%,29. 55%,and 21. 34%,respectively,which were reduced by 15. 3% to 32. 85%,20. 87% to57. 31%,and 21. 4% to 24. 76%,respectively,compared with the milky stage. At the ripe stage the in vitro digestibility and crude protein content of XT-2 could reach 65. 35% and 8. 16%,which were 48. 4 % and0. 86 % higher than those of the milk stage. During silage,after adding silage additive and urea,the protein content increased by 3. 34%-4. 4% and 6. 5%-11. 4% respectively compared with the blank group; the in vitro digestive rate increased by 7. 17% to 23. 22% and 1. 22% to 17. 06%,respectively,compared with the blank group; at the same time,the silage p H was reduced,which effectively reduced the loss of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates.【Conclusion】Considering the index of in vitro digestibility,protein content,dry matter content and pH value of silage,sweet sorghum planted in northern Xinjiang should be mowed to produce silage at the ripening stage,and silage added with additives can improve silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility.
【Objective】The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cutting time and additives on the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of sweet sorghum silage.【Method】The new sorghum No.3 and new sorghum No. 9 were used as the tested varieties in this experiment. Milk ripening stage,the dough stage and complete ripening stage were selected for cutting,and the silage was made by adding urea and silage additive without adding,adding urea and silage additive. After 60 days of silage,the fermentation quality and nutritional value were analyzed.【Result】With the cutting period of sweet sorghum moving backward,the contents of crude fiber,acid detergent fiber,and neutral detergent fiber gradually decreased and reached the lowest level during the ripe stage,XT-2 was 13. 58%,23. 51%,and 16. 35%,respectively,and T601 was16. 74%,29. 55%,and 21. 34%,respectively,which were reduced by 15. 3% to 32. 85%,20. 87% to57. 31%,and 21. 4% to 24. 76%,respectively,compared with the milky stage. At the ripe stage the in vitro digestibility and crude protein content of XT-2 could reach 65. 35% and 8. 16%,which were 48. 4 % and0. 86 % higher than those of the milk stage. During silage,after adding silage additive and urea,the protein content increased by 3. 34%-4. 4% and 6. 5%-11. 4% respectively compared with the blank group; the in vitro digestive rate increased by 7. 17% to 23. 22% and 1. 22% to 17. 06%,respectively,compared with the blank group; at the same time,the silage p H was reduced,which effectively reduced the loss of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates.【Conclusion】Considering the index of in vitro digestibility,protein content,dry matter content and pH value of silage,sweet sorghum planted in northern Xinjiang should be mowed to produce silage at the ripening stage,and silage added with additives can improve silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility.
引文
[1]冯骁骋.天然草地牧草青贮机理及品质调控研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2014.FENG Xiao-cheng.(2014). Study on Mechanism and Quality Control of Natural Grassland Forage Silage[D]. Master Dissertation. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot.(in Chinese)
[2]Barcelos,C. A.,Maeda,R. N.,Anna,L. M. M. S.,&Jr,N. P.(2016). Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production. Biomass&Bioenergy,(94):46-56.
[3]渠晖.甜高粱在长江下游农区用作青贮作物的栽培利用技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学博士论文,2016.QU Hui.(2016). Study on Cultivation and Utilization Techniques of Sweet sorghum as a Silage Crop in the Lower Farming Region of the Yangtze River[D]. PhD Dissertation. Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing.(in Chinese)
[4] Dar,R. A.,Dar,E. A.,Kaur,A.,&Phutela,U. G.(2018). Sweet sorghum-a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,82.
[5]宋金昌,牛一兵,付志新,等.甜高粱饲用性能及生物学产量和营养成分分析[J].饲料广角,2008,(5):41-43.SONG Jin-chang, NIU Yi-bing, FU Zhi-xin, et al.(2008). Analysis of forage performance,biological yield and nutrient composition in sweet sorghum[J]. Feed China,(5):41-43.(in Chinese)
[6]魏进招.不同基因型饲用高粱全株粗蛋白含量及积累规律研究[D].天津:天津农学院硕士论文,2010.WEI Jin-zhao.(2010). Study on Crude Protein Content and Accumulation of Different Genotypes of Forage Sorghum[D].Master Dissertation. Tianjin Agricultural College,Tianjin.(in Chinese)
[7]Podkówka,Z,&Podkówka,L.(2011). Chemical composition and quality of sweet sorghum and maize silages. Journal of Central European Agriculture,12(2):.
[8]王建,赵健康,赵芳,等.日本饲用高粱青贮前后与玉米青贮的营养成分比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(9):195-196.WANG Jian,ZHAO Jian-kang,ZHAO Fang,et al.(2017).Comparison of nutrient composition before and after sorghum silage in Japan and corn silage[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,(9):195-196.(in Chinese)
[9]Liu,H.,Deng,H.,Xu,H.,&Sun,A.(2017). Nutritional quality of mixed silage of lablab purpureus and sweet sorghum.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,9(6):398-401,416.
[10]柴庆伟.利用甜高粱秸秆榨汁后的皮渣替代玉米秸秆制取青贮饲料[D].石河子大学,2010.CHAI Qing-wei.(2010). Using sweet sorghum dregs after squeeze the sweet sorghum produce ensile substitute corn straw[D].Maste Dissertation. Shihezi University,Shihezi.(in Chinese)
[11]Amer,S.,&Mustafa,A. F.(2012). Short communication:effects of feeding pearl millet silage on milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science,95(2):859-863.
[12]Xing,L.,Chen,L. J.,&Han,L. J.(2009). The effect of an inoculant and enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum straw silages. Bioresource Technology,100(1):488-491.
[13]Colombini,S.,Galassi,G.,Crovetto,G. M.,&Rapetti,L.(2012). Milk production,nitrogen balance,and fiber digestibility prediction of corn,whole plant grain sorghum,and forage sorghum silages in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science,95(8):4,457-4,467.
[14]秦立刚,许庆方,董宽虎,等.不同添加剂对甜高粱青贮品质影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(12):27-30.QIN Li-gang,XU Qing-fang,DONG Kuan-hu,et al.(2010). The Studies of Sweet Sorghum Silage with Different Additives[J]. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,37(12):27-30.(in Chinese)
[15]李旭业,董扬,尤海洋,等.不同感官分级方法对全株玉米青贮饲料评价比较[J].现代畜牧科技,2017,(3):1-3.LI Xu-ye,DONG Yang,YOU Hai-yang,et al.(2017).Comparison of evaluation of whole plant corn silage by different sensory grading methods[J]. Modern Animal Science,(3):1-3.(in Chinese)
[16]孙海霞,周道玮.松嫩草地不同牧草体外干物质消化率的研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(2):11-14.SUN Hai-xia,ZHOU Dao-wei.(2008). Research on in Vitro DM Digestibility of Forages in Songnen Grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,30(2):11-14.(in Chinese)
[17]张战胜,孙国君,于磊,张前兵.紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混合青贮对发酵品质的影响[J].草食家畜,2014,(5):43-48.ZHANG Zhan-sheng,SUN Guo-jun,YU Lei,et al.(2014).Effect of Mixed Silage Medicago Sativa and Bromus Inermis on Fermentation Quality[J]. Grass-feeding Livestock,(5):43-48.(in Chinese)
[18]李洪影,焉石,孙涛,等.施磷对不同收获时期青贮玉米碳水化合物积累的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):90-97.LI Hong-ying,YAN Shi,SUN Tao,et al.(2011). Effect of phosphate on carbohydrate accumulation of silage Zea mays in different harvest periods[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(4):90-97.(in Chinese)
[19]罗峰,陈鹏,裴忠有,高建明,孙守钧.播期对甜高粱不同生育时期生物产量及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(14):3 260-3 263.LUO Feng,CHEN Peng,PEI Zhong-you,et al.(2013).Effects of Sowing Date on the Biomass and Quality of Sweet Sorghum at Different Growth Stages[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,52(14):3,260-3,263.(in Chinese)
[20]孙元枢.中国小黑麦遗传育种研究与应用[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2002:12.SUN Yuan-shu.(2002). Research and Application of Genetic Breeding of Chinese Rye[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press:12.(in Chinese)
[21]孙仕仙,陶瑞,杨思林,等.紫花苜蓿范氏纤维素含量与体外消化率的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2 356-2 359.SUN Shi-xian,TAO Rui,YANG Si-lin,et al.(2012). Correlation between Van Soest Fiber of Alfalfa and Digestibility in vitro Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,25(6):2,356-2,359.(in Chinese)
[22]赵天章,李慧英,闫素梅.反刍动物饲料纤维物质瘤胃降解规律研究进展[J].饲料工业,2010,31(7):28-31.ZHAO Tian-zhang,LI Hui-ying,YAN Su-mei.(2010).Research progress on ruminal degradation of feed fiber material in ruminants[J]. Feed Industry,31(7):28-31.(in Chinese)
[23]刘辉,徐荣,董克.基于氨化技术的作物秸秆饲料化研究[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,33(2):59-63.LIU Hui,XU Rong,DONG Ke.(2017). The research of Crop Straw Feed Based on Ammonia Technology[J]. Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),33(2):59-63.(in Chinese)
[2]Barcelos,C. A.,Maeda,R. N.,Anna,L. M. M. S.,&Jr,N. P.(2016). Sweet sorghum as a whole-crop feedstock for ethanol production. Biomass&Bioenergy,(94):46-56.
[3]渠晖.甜高粱在长江下游农区用作青贮作物的栽培利用技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学博士论文,2016.QU Hui.(2016). Study on Cultivation and Utilization Techniques of Sweet sorghum as a Silage Crop in the Lower Farming Region of the Yangtze River[D]. PhD Dissertation. Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing.(in Chinese)
[4] Dar,R. A.,Dar,E. A.,Kaur,A.,&Phutela,U. G.(2018). Sweet sorghum-a promising alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,82.
[5]宋金昌,牛一兵,付志新,等.甜高粱饲用性能及生物学产量和营养成分分析[J].饲料广角,2008,(5):41-43.SONG Jin-chang, NIU Yi-bing, FU Zhi-xin, et al.(2008). Analysis of forage performance,biological yield and nutrient composition in sweet sorghum[J]. Feed China,(5):41-43.(in Chinese)
[6]魏进招.不同基因型饲用高粱全株粗蛋白含量及积累规律研究[D].天津:天津农学院硕士论文,2010.WEI Jin-zhao.(2010). Study on Crude Protein Content and Accumulation of Different Genotypes of Forage Sorghum[D].Master Dissertation. Tianjin Agricultural College,Tianjin.(in Chinese)
[7]Podkówka,Z,&Podkówka,L.(2011). Chemical composition and quality of sweet sorghum and maize silages. Journal of Central European Agriculture,12(2):.
[8]王建,赵健康,赵芳,等.日本饲用高粱青贮前后与玉米青贮的营养成分比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017,(9):195-196.WANG Jian,ZHAO Jian-kang,ZHAO Fang,et al.(2017).Comparison of nutrient composition before and after sorghum silage in Japan and corn silage[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,(9):195-196.(in Chinese)
[9]Liu,H.,Deng,H.,Xu,H.,&Sun,A.(2017). Nutritional quality of mixed silage of lablab purpureus and sweet sorghum.Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,9(6):398-401,416.
[10]柴庆伟.利用甜高粱秸秆榨汁后的皮渣替代玉米秸秆制取青贮饲料[D].石河子大学,2010.CHAI Qing-wei.(2010). Using sweet sorghum dregs after squeeze the sweet sorghum produce ensile substitute corn straw[D].Maste Dissertation. Shihezi University,Shihezi.(in Chinese)
[11]Amer,S.,&Mustafa,A. F.(2012). Short communication:effects of feeding pearl millet silage on milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science,95(2):859-863.
[12]Xing,L.,Chen,L. J.,&Han,L. J.(2009). The effect of an inoculant and enzymes on fermentation and nutritive value of sorghum straw silages. Bioresource Technology,100(1):488-491.
[13]Colombini,S.,Galassi,G.,Crovetto,G. M.,&Rapetti,L.(2012). Milk production,nitrogen balance,and fiber digestibility prediction of corn,whole plant grain sorghum,and forage sorghum silages in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science,95(8):4,457-4,467.
[14]秦立刚,许庆方,董宽虎,等.不同添加剂对甜高粱青贮品质影响的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2010,37(12):27-30.QIN Li-gang,XU Qing-fang,DONG Kuan-hu,et al.(2010). The Studies of Sweet Sorghum Silage with Different Additives[J]. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,37(12):27-30.(in Chinese)
[15]李旭业,董扬,尤海洋,等.不同感官分级方法对全株玉米青贮饲料评价比较[J].现代畜牧科技,2017,(3):1-3.LI Xu-ye,DONG Yang,YOU Hai-yang,et al.(2017).Comparison of evaluation of whole plant corn silage by different sensory grading methods[J]. Modern Animal Science,(3):1-3.(in Chinese)
[16]孙海霞,周道玮.松嫩草地不同牧草体外干物质消化率的研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(2):11-14.SUN Hai-xia,ZHOU Dao-wei.(2008). Research on in Vitro DM Digestibility of Forages in Songnen Grassland[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,30(2):11-14.(in Chinese)
[17]张战胜,孙国君,于磊,张前兵.紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混合青贮对发酵品质的影响[J].草食家畜,2014,(5):43-48.ZHANG Zhan-sheng,SUN Guo-jun,YU Lei,et al.(2014).Effect of Mixed Silage Medicago Sativa and Bromus Inermis on Fermentation Quality[J]. Grass-feeding Livestock,(5):43-48.(in Chinese)
[18]李洪影,焉石,孙涛,等.施磷对不同收获时期青贮玉米碳水化合物积累的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):90-97.LI Hong-ying,YAN Shi,SUN Tao,et al.(2011). Effect of phosphate on carbohydrate accumulation of silage Zea mays in different harvest periods[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,20(4):90-97.(in Chinese)
[19]罗峰,陈鹏,裴忠有,高建明,孙守钧.播期对甜高粱不同生育时期生物产量及品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2013,52(14):3 260-3 263.LUO Feng,CHEN Peng,PEI Zhong-you,et al.(2013).Effects of Sowing Date on the Biomass and Quality of Sweet Sorghum at Different Growth Stages[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,52(14):3,260-3,263.(in Chinese)
[20]孙元枢.中国小黑麦遗传育种研究与应用[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,2002:12.SUN Yuan-shu.(2002). Research and Application of Genetic Breeding of Chinese Rye[M]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science and Technology Press:12.(in Chinese)
[21]孙仕仙,陶瑞,杨思林,等.紫花苜蓿范氏纤维素含量与体外消化率的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2 356-2 359.SUN Shi-xian,TAO Rui,YANG Si-lin,et al.(2012). Correlation between Van Soest Fiber of Alfalfa and Digestibility in vitro Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,25(6):2,356-2,359.(in Chinese)
[22]赵天章,李慧英,闫素梅.反刍动物饲料纤维物质瘤胃降解规律研究进展[J].饲料工业,2010,31(7):28-31.ZHAO Tian-zhang,LI Hui-ying,YAN Su-mei.(2010).Research progress on ruminal degradation of feed fiber material in ruminants[J]. Feed Industry,31(7):28-31.(in Chinese)
[23]刘辉,徐荣,董克.基于氨化技术的作物秸秆饲料化研究[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,33(2):59-63.LIU Hui,XU Rong,DONG Ke.(2017). The research of Crop Straw Feed Based on Ammonia Technology[J]. Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Natural Science),33(2):59-63.(in Chinese)