岷江上游山区聚落生态位与土壤侵蚀的空间分布关系研究
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摘要
利用RS和GIS技术,提取岷江上游山区聚落生态位面积、海拔、坡度等空间信息,通过与该区域土壤侵蚀研究成果对比,揭示山区聚落生态位与土壤侵蚀的空间分布关系,结果表明:(1)聚落生态位总数为1 667个,总面积为982.12km2,仅占研究区总面积的4.38%,山区适宜聚落生态位面积较小,整个区域以中度及以下等级侵蚀为主,中度及以下侵蚀面积占国土面积的比例超过79%;(2)聚落生态位海拔主要集中在1 300~2 800 m,3 000 m以下以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,强烈及以上等级侵蚀多集中在海拔3 000 m以上,聚落生态位分布区域与强烈侵蚀区不重叠;(3)聚落生态位集中分布于15°~35°的缓斜坡及斜坡山地上,与中度侵蚀集中分布坡度基本一致。土壤侵蚀过程是该区一个重要的生态变化过程,自然本底的脆弱性是土壤侵蚀的重要原因,已成为限制区域农业综合生产潜力的主导因素之一,针对两者空间关系,结合少数民族山区的贫困现状和特殊的生态环境,提出了山区生计方式转变的策略建议。
The paper extracted the spatial information of area,elevation and slope of mountain settlement ecological niche of the upper reaches of Minjiang River by using the technologies of RS and GIS. It revealed the relationship of spatial distribution between mountain settlement ecological niche and soil erosion through comparing the results of soil erosion research of the region. The outcomes show that a) the total number of settlement niches is 1 667 with a total area of 982.12 km2,only making up 4.38% of the studied area. The suitable mountain settlement niche area is smaller. The whole region is mainly moderate erosion and below and that area exceeds 79% of the territory area; b) the elevation of settlement niche is mainly concentrated at 1 300-2 800 m. Below 3 000 m,it mainly is light and slight erosion,serious erosion and above degrees is mainly concentrated above 3 000 m elevation. The elevation distribution of settlement ecological niche and serious erosion area do not overlap and; c) the distribution of settlement niche is mainly concentrated on 15°-35° gentle slopes and sloping mountains which are consistent with the regions of moderate erosion. The process of soil erosion is an important ecological process of the region and the vulnerability of natural background is an important reason for soil erosion which has become one the essential factors of limiting regional agricultural comprehensive productivity. In view of the spatial relationship between them and combing with the current situation of poverty and the special ecological environment of minority mountainous areas,it puts forward strategic suggestions on the transformation of livelihoods for mountainous region.
The paper extracted the spatial information of area,elevation and slope of mountain settlement ecological niche of the upper reaches of Minjiang River by using the technologies of RS and GIS. It revealed the relationship of spatial distribution between mountain settlement ecological niche and soil erosion through comparing the results of soil erosion research of the region. The outcomes show that a) the total number of settlement niches is 1 667 with a total area of 982.12 km2,only making up 4.38% of the studied area. The suitable mountain settlement niche area is smaller. The whole region is mainly moderate erosion and below and that area exceeds 79% of the territory area; b) the elevation of settlement niche is mainly concentrated at 1 300-2 800 m. Below 3 000 m,it mainly is light and slight erosion,serious erosion and above degrees is mainly concentrated above 3 000 m elevation. The elevation distribution of settlement ecological niche and serious erosion area do not overlap and; c) the distribution of settlement niche is mainly concentrated on 15°-35° gentle slopes and sloping mountains which are consistent with the regions of moderate erosion. The process of soil erosion is an important ecological process of the region and the vulnerability of natural background is an important reason for soil erosion which has become one the essential factors of limiting regional agricultural comprehensive productivity. In view of the spatial relationship between them and combing with the current situation of poverty and the special ecological environment of minority mountainous areas,it puts forward strategic suggestions on the transformation of livelihoods for mountainous region.
引文
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[21]刘艳锋,陈学华,贺秀斌,等.岷江上游土壤侵蚀与土地利用的耦合关系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):161-165.
[22]李辉霞,周红艺.岷江上游地区水土流失危险度评价[J].中国水土保持,2009(10):22-24.
[23]姜琳,边金虎,李爱农,等.岷江上游2000—2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):18-25.
[24]曾旭婧,张毅,黄素萍,等.定量遥感支持下的岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):953-960.
[25]陈国阶,涂建军,樊宏,等.岷江上游生态建设的理论与实践[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2006:1-10.
[26]刘邵权.农村聚落生态研究:理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:1-65.
[27]印开蒲.百年追寻:见证中国西部环境变迁[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2010:1-58.
[28]何立华,王祖山.中国山区贫困及其可持续发展研究[J].改革与战略,2013,29(9):42-45,69.
[29]赵玲,吴良林,莫建飞.基于DEM的桂西北土地利用与地形关系特征分析[J].地理空间信息,2011,9(1):103-105.
[30]范建容,张子瑜,李立华.四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):65-73.
[2]王青.山区发展与环境保育研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:22-25.
[3]付伟,赵俊权,杜国祯.山地立体农业的生态学解析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(11):62-65.
[4]MACKNZIE A,BALLl A S,VIRDEE S R.Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:18-20.
[5]马旭,王青,丁明涛,等.岷江上游山区聚落生态位及其模型[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(5):574-578.
[6]王青,石敏球,郭亚琳,等.岷江上游山区聚落生态位垂直分异研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1559-1567.
[7]刘宝元,谢云,张科利.土壤侵蚀预报模型[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2001:1-7.
[8]贺一梅,杨子生,赵乔贵,等.中国西南边疆山区耕地资源质量评价——以云南省为例[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):384-389.
[9]王大伟,程红光,郝芳华,等.长江上游典型山区土地利用/覆盖和景观格局变化分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(3):63-67.
[10]RENARD K G,FOSTER G R,WEESIES G A,et al.RUSLE:Revised universal soil loss equation[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,46(1):30-33.
[11]景可,张信宝.长江中上游土壤自然侵蚀量及其估算方法[J].地理研究,2007,26(1):67-74.
[12]刘爱霞,王静,刘正军.三峡库区土壤侵蚀遥感定量监测——基于GIS和修正通用土壤流失方程的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(4):25-30.
[13]程先富,余芬.安徽省土壤侵蚀空间分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].地理研究,2010,29(8):1461-1470.
[14]张淑花,周利军,张雪萍.基于RUSLE和GIS的绥化市土壤侵蚀评估[J].土壤通报,2011,42(4):1472-1475.
[15]DOTTERWEICH M.The history of human-induced soil erosion:Geomorphic legacies,early descriptions and research,and the development of soil conservation-a global synopsis[J].Geomorphology,2013,201(4):1-34.
[16]陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(6):1288-1297.
[17]张建平,樊宏,叶延琼.岷江上游土壤侵蚀及其防治对策[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(5):19-22.
[18]何兴元,胡志斌,李月辉,等.GIS支持下岷江上游土壤侵蚀动态研究[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2271-2278.
[19]杨孟,李秀珍,杨兆平,等.岷江上游小流域景观格局对土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2512-2519.
[20]孟兆鑫,邓玉林,刘武林.基于RS的岷江流域土壤侵蚀变化及其驱动力分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(4):57-61.
[21]刘艳锋,陈学华,贺秀斌,等.岷江上游土壤侵蚀与土地利用的耦合关系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):161-165.
[22]李辉霞,周红艺.岷江上游地区水土流失危险度评价[J].中国水土保持,2009(10):22-24.
[23]姜琳,边金虎,李爱农,等.岷江上游2000—2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):18-25.
[24]曾旭婧,张毅,黄素萍,等.定量遥感支持下的岷江上游土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):953-960.
[25]陈国阶,涂建军,樊宏,等.岷江上游生态建设的理论与实践[M].重庆:西南师范大学出版社,2006:1-10.
[26]刘邵权.农村聚落生态研究:理论与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006:1-65.
[27]印开蒲.百年追寻:见证中国西部环境变迁[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2010:1-58.
[28]何立华,王祖山.中国山区贫困及其可持续发展研究[J].改革与战略,2013,29(9):42-45,69.
[29]赵玲,吴良林,莫建飞.基于DEM的桂西北土地利用与地形关系特征分析[J].地理空间信息,2011,9(1):103-105.
[30]范建容,张子瑜,李立华.四川省山地类型界定与山区类型划分[J].地理研究,2015,34(1):65-73.