湖北引种薄壳山核桃品种差异性评价
|
摘要
通过对湖北引种的7个薄壳山核桃品种进行物候期观测、坚果外观品质和内含物含量的分析,评价不同薄壳山核桃品种差异性,以期为引种栽培提供参考。结果表明:(1)引种的7个薄壳山核桃品种在湖北均能完成生育周期,年生长期218～237天不等;‘Shaoxing’、‘Shawnee’、‘Jinhua’3个品种可以互相授粉。‘Baker’可作为‘Shawnee’、‘Caddo’、‘Jinhua’的授粉树进行栽培,其中与‘Jinhua’可互为授粉树。(2)7个品种中,坚果重最小、果壳最薄为‘Baker’,分别为3.19 g和0.65 mm,坚果重最大,果壳最厚为‘Jinhua’,分别为9.66 g和0.95 mm;出仁率最高的为‘Choctaw’,达56.01%,出仁率最低的为‘Jinhua’,为41.90%;核形指数最高的是‘Shawnee’为2.19,最低为‘Jinhua’,仅1.60。(3)7个品种中‘Pawnee’粗脂肪含量最高,达76%;‘Caddo’粗脂肪含量最低,为67.52%。而它的蛋白质和总糖含量最高,分别为11.52%和9.05%;蛋白质含量最低的是‘Shawnee’为8.31%,总糖含量最低的是‘Jinhua’,为6.17%。
The paper aims to provide reference for introduction and cultivation of Carya illinoensis. We carried out the phenological periods observation, analyzed the appearance quality and inclusion contents, and evaluated the varieties differences of 7 introduced Carya illinoensis varieties in Hubei. The results showed that:(1) the 7 varieties all could complete the growth cycle, which varied from 218 to 237 days, the varieties of‘Shaoxing',‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua'might cross-fertilize;(2) among the 7 varieties,‘Baker'had the lowest nut weight and thinnest nut shell, which were 3.19 g and 0.65 mm, respectively; and‘Jinhua'had the highest nut weight and the thickest nut shell, 9.66 g and 0.95 mm, respectively;‘Choctaw'and‘Jinhua'had the highest and lowest kernel rate of nut, 56.01% and 41.90%, respectively;‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua'had the maximum and minimum nuclear shape index of nut, 2.19 and 1.60, respectively;(3) among the 7 varieties, the maximum and minimum crude fat content of nut were found in‘Pawnee',‘Caddo', 76% and 67.52%,respectively; and the protein and total sugar content of‘Caddo'were the highest of 11.52% and 9.05%,respectively; the lowest protein(8.31%) and total sugar content(6.17%) of nut were found in‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua', respectively.
The paper aims to provide reference for introduction and cultivation of Carya illinoensis. We carried out the phenological periods observation, analyzed the appearance quality and inclusion contents, and evaluated the varieties differences of 7 introduced Carya illinoensis varieties in Hubei. The results showed that:(1) the 7 varieties all could complete the growth cycle, which varied from 218 to 237 days, the varieties of‘Shaoxing',‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua'might cross-fertilize;(2) among the 7 varieties,‘Baker'had the lowest nut weight and thinnest nut shell, which were 3.19 g and 0.65 mm, respectively; and‘Jinhua'had the highest nut weight and the thickest nut shell, 9.66 g and 0.95 mm, respectively;‘Choctaw'and‘Jinhua'had the highest and lowest kernel rate of nut, 56.01% and 41.90%, respectively;‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua'had the maximum and minimum nuclear shape index of nut, 2.19 and 1.60, respectively;(3) among the 7 varieties, the maximum and minimum crude fat content of nut were found in‘Pawnee',‘Caddo', 76% and 67.52%,respectively; and the protein and total sugar content of‘Caddo'were the highest of 11.52% and 9.05%,respectively; the lowest protein(8.31%) and total sugar content(6.17%) of nut were found in‘Shawnee'and‘Jinhua', respectively.
引文
[1]吴国良,张凌云,潘秋红,等.美国山核桃及其品种性状研究进展[J].果树学报,2003,20(5):404-409.
[2]姚小华,常君,王开良,等.中国薄壳山核桃[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-10.
[3]徐永杰,徐春永,杜洋文,等.美国山核桃在湖北省引种可行性探讨[J].湖北林业科技,2012(1):51-53.
[4]张日清,李江,吕芳德,等.我国引种美国山核桃历程及资源现状研究[J].经济林研究,2003,21(4):107-109.
[5]李永荣,吴文龙,刘永芝.薄壳山核桃种质资源的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13306-13308,13316.
[6]曹凡,冯刚,谭鹏鹏,等.不同品种薄壳山核桃种胚组织培养研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(8):18-23.
[7]孙志超,程慧,常爱玲,等.薄壳山核桃嫁接苗“小脚”现象的导管分子特性[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(6):915-918.
[8]王飞高,程慧,储开江,等.薄壳山核桃优良单株种子及质量性状分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(2):171-176.
[9]罗会婷,贾晓东,翟敏,等.76株薄壳山核桃实生单株的果实品质差异及综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2017,26(1):47-54.
[10]高云,傅松玲,何小艳,等.薄壳山核桃不同引种品种生长及结实性状比较研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(4):528-533.
[11]张日清,吕芳德,张勋,等.美国山核桃在我国扩大引种的可行性分析[J].经济林研究,2005,23(4):1-10.
[12]Rui Z,Fangren P,Yongrong L.Pecan production in China[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2015,197:719-727.
[13]卫生部食品卫生监督检验所.G/T 5009.6-2003,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:45-46.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:186-197.
[15]张雨,董润泉,习学泉,等.云南美国山核桃引种试验[J].西南农业学报,200417(增刊):467-470.
[16]杨建华,习学良,范志远,等.不同美国山核桃品种的发芽及开花习性研究[J].西部林业科学,2008,37(1):86-90.
[17]Chuine I,Belmonte J,Mignot A.Amodeling analysis of the genetic variation of phenology between tree populations[J].Journal of Ecology,2000,88:561-570.
[18]邹伟烈,范志远,张雨,等.薄壳山核桃品种‘卡多’的引种与选育[J].中国果树,2018(2):54-56.
[19]杨建华,习学良,董润泉,等.薄壳山核桃品种“金华”的选育[J].中国果树,2018,47(1):149-151.
[20]徐永杰,裴东,王其竹.气象要素对‘清香’核桃坚果外观品质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):74-76.
[2]姚小华,常君,王开良,等.中国薄壳山核桃[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:1-10.
[3]徐永杰,徐春永,杜洋文,等.美国山核桃在湖北省引种可行性探讨[J].湖北林业科技,2012(1):51-53.
[4]张日清,李江,吕芳德,等.我国引种美国山核桃历程及资源现状研究[J].经济林研究,2003,21(4):107-109.
[5]李永荣,吴文龙,刘永芝.薄壳山核桃种质资源的开发利用[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13306-13308,13316.
[6]曹凡,冯刚,谭鹏鹏,等.不同品种薄壳山核桃种胚组织培养研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(8):18-23.
[7]孙志超,程慧,常爱玲,等.薄壳山核桃嫁接苗“小脚”现象的导管分子特性[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(6):915-918.
[8]王飞高,程慧,储开江,等.薄壳山核桃优良单株种子及质量性状分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(2):171-176.
[9]罗会婷,贾晓东,翟敏,等.76株薄壳山核桃实生单株的果实品质差异及综合评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2017,26(1):47-54.
[10]高云,傅松玲,何小艳,等.薄壳山核桃不同引种品种生长及结实性状比较研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(4):528-533.
[11]张日清,吕芳德,张勋,等.美国山核桃在我国扩大引种的可行性分析[J].经济林研究,2005,23(4):1-10.
[12]Rui Z,Fangren P,Yongrong L.Pecan production in China[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2015,197:719-727.
[13]卫生部食品卫生监督检验所.G/T 5009.6-2003,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:45-46.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:186-197.
[15]张雨,董润泉,习学泉,等.云南美国山核桃引种试验[J].西南农业学报,200417(增刊):467-470.
[16]杨建华,习学良,范志远,等.不同美国山核桃品种的发芽及开花习性研究[J].西部林业科学,2008,37(1):86-90.
[17]Chuine I,Belmonte J,Mignot A.Amodeling analysis of the genetic variation of phenology between tree populations[J].Journal of Ecology,2000,88:561-570.
[18]邹伟烈,范志远,张雨,等.薄壳山核桃品种‘卡多’的引种与选育[J].中国果树,2018(2):54-56.
[19]杨建华,习学良,董润泉,等.薄壳山核桃品种“金华”的选育[J].中国果树,2018,47(1):149-151.
[20]徐永杰,裴东,王其竹.气象要素对‘清香’核桃坚果外观品质的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2016,44(3):74-76.