水培对蓝莓幼苗生长及光合性能的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨水培技术在蓝莓苗木繁育中的应用。【方法】采用1/2 Hogland营养液、改良配方及清水对两个兔眼品种芭尔德温和灿烂苔藓苗进行水培,以常规土壤栽培作为比较。观察幼苗根系及植株生长情况,测定幼苗的株高、干重、叶绿素含量、根系活力、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率以及植株氮磷钾含量等指标。【结果】水培的蓝莓幼苗总叶绿素含量以及净光合速率均高于土培,植株生长速度显著高于土培,植株氮磷钾含量等指标均在正常范围内;两个品种在不同氮形态水培营养液中表现迥异,芭尔德温在改良配方中生长最好,而灿烂却是在1/2 Hogland营养液中生长最好。【结论】蓝莓品种间对氮形态的需求各异,为此,科学的水培繁育应针对不同的品种调整配方及浓度。一般蓝莓商品苗的生产年限为1.5～2.0 a,经水培研究,适宜的水培营养液能够刺激蓝莓根系发育,促进植株生长,缩短育苗年限,加快苗木繁育进程。
【Objective】Application of hydroponics for breeding blueberry seedlings was studied. 【Method】 Seedling propagation of two rabbit eye varieties of blueberry,Baldwin and Britewell,in hydroponics using a 1/2 Hogland nutrient solution,an improved formulation medium or tap water was compared to the conventional cultivation on soil. The root development and plant growth with respect to the physiological characteristics,including plant height,dry mass,chlorophyll content,root activity,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate as well as plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents,were determined for the comparison. 【Result】The total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings grown in the hydroponics were higher than those on soil. The plant growth rate was significantly higher than that of control. The N,P,K contents and other indicators of the hydroponic seedlings were within the normally expected ranges. However,the seedlings of the Baldwin variety grew well in the hydroponics with the improved formulation medium,while Britewell did better with 1/2 Hogland nutrient solution. 【Conclusion】The two blueberry varieties differed on nitrogen utilization. Therefore,in hydroponic breeding the seedlings,different forms of nitrogen ought to be used for the medium formulation. Commercial blueberry seedlings generally require 1.5-2.0 years to be fully developed for transplant. With the hydroponic cultivation,the plant growth was stimulated so that the breeding time could be considerably shortened.
【Objective】Application of hydroponics for breeding blueberry seedlings was studied. 【Method】 Seedling propagation of two rabbit eye varieties of blueberry,Baldwin and Britewell,in hydroponics using a 1/2 Hogland nutrient solution,an improved formulation medium or tap water was compared to the conventional cultivation on soil. The root development and plant growth with respect to the physiological characteristics,including plant height,dry mass,chlorophyll content,root activity,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate as well as plant nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents,were determined for the comparison. 【Result】The total chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings grown in the hydroponics were higher than those on soil. The plant growth rate was significantly higher than that of control. The N,P,K contents and other indicators of the hydroponic seedlings were within the normally expected ranges. However,the seedlings of the Baldwin variety grew well in the hydroponics with the improved formulation medium,while Britewell did better with 1/2 Hogland nutrient solution. 【Conclusion】The two blueberry varieties differed on nitrogen utilization. Therefore,in hydroponic breeding the seedlings,different forms of nitrogen ought to be used for the medium formulation. Commercial blueberry seedlings generally require 1.5-2.0 years to be fully developed for transplant. With the hydroponic cultivation,the plant growth was stimulated so that the breeding time could be considerably shortened.
引文
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[15]张晓勇,唐道彬,王季春,等.水培营养液离子浓度对脱毒马铃薯生长发育和光合性能的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):345-353.ZHANG X Y,TANG D B,WANG J C,et al.Efjfbcts of Different Ionic Concentration on Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Virus-free Potato by Hydroponic System[J].Southwest China Jounal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(2):345-353.(in Chinese)
[16]ZHANG Y F,LI W L,MENG W F,et al.A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture[J].Agricultural Science &Technology,2013,14(9):1267-1270.
[17]刘义玲,孙周平,李天来.雾培对网纹甜瓜根系生长和氮代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(7):174-180.LIU Y L,SUN Z P,LI T L.Effects of Aeroponical Culture on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism of Muskmelon Root[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(7):174-180.(in Chinese)
[18]张继澍.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:105-142.ZHANG J S.Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005:105-142.(in Chinese)
[19]乌凤章.NaCl胁迫对高丛越橘幼苗生长和光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2258-2265.WU F Z.Impacts of NaCl Stress on the Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Seeding[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2015,35(11):2258-2265.(in Chinese)
[20]ECK P.Blueberry Science[M].New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press,1988:135-169.
[2]顿颖.柑橘水培体系优化及N、Fe胁迫下根系形态研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.DUN Y.Optimization of a Hydroponic Culture System and Study on Root Morphology in Response to Nitrogen-and Iron-Deficiency of Citrus[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2011.(in Chinese)
[3]王利芬,赵雪阳,朱军贞.枇杷幼苗的水培技术[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(8):155-157.WANG L F,ZHAO X Y,ZHU J Z.Hydroponics of Loquat Seedlings[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(8):155-157.(in Chinese)
[4]朱玉,娄鑫,郑云普,等.不同氮素形态对蓝莓幼苗生长及光合参数的影响[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(1):98-101.ZHU Y,LOU X,ZHENG Y P,et al.Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and photosynthetic parameters of blueberry seedlings[J].South China Fruits,2016,45(1):98-101.(in Chinese)
[5]李亚静,姜燕琴,韦继光,等.不同氮浓度对兔眼蓝浆果不同品种幼苗生长和光合生理的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(2):65-71.LI Y J,JIANG Y Q,WEI J G,et al.Effects of different nitrogen concentrations on growth and photosynthetic physiology of seedlings of different cultivars of Vaccinium ashei[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2016,25(2):65-71.(in Chinese)
[6]秦霞.不同基质和pH值对密斯蒂蓝莓生长发育的影响研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2017 QIN X.Effect of Different Culture Substrate and Ph on Misty Blueberry Growth and Development[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2017.(in Chinese)
[7]郭晓光.氯胁迫下蓝莓叶片的转录组测序及对光合生理、氮代谢相关基因表达分析研究[D].金华:浙江师范大学,2015.GUO X G.Effects of Chloride Stress on Leaf Transcriptome and the Expressions of Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism Related Genes in Blueberry[D].Jinhua:Zhejiang Normal University,2015.(in Chinese)
[8]DARNELL R L,CRUZ-HUERTA N.Uptake and assimilation of nitrate and iron in cultivated and wild Vaccinium species [J].International Journal of Fruit Science,2011,11:136-150.
[9]舒展,张晓素,陈娟,等.叶绿素含量测定的简化[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(4):399-402.SHU Z,ZHANG X S,CHEN J,et al.The Simplification of Chlorophyll Content Measurement[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2010,46(4):399-402.(in Chinese)
[10]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:134-137.LI H S,Experimental principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:134-137.(in Chinese)
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2000:308-310.LU R K.Methods for chemical analysis of soil agriculture[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000:308-310.(in Chinese)
[12]李亚东,赵爽,张志东,等.不同氮素形态配比对越橘生长、产量及叶片元素含量的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(4):477-480.LI Y D,ZHAO S,ZHANG Z D,et al.Effect of Nitrogen Form Ratios on the Growth,Yield and Leaf Element Content of Blueberry[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008,30(4):477-480.(in Chinese)
[13]田俊平.氮磷营养对苗期越橘生长及生理生化的影响[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.TIAN J P.Effeet of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth and Physiologieal Charaeteristics in Blueberry Seedling[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[14]刘星凡,姜燕琴,韦继光,等.在不同pH值土壤中铵硝比对南方高丛蓝浆果生长的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2014,23(2):60-64.LIU X F,JIANG Y Q,WEI J G,et al.Effect of ammonium/nitrate ratio on growth of southern highbush blueberry in soil with different pH levels[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2014,23(2):60-64.(in Chinese)
[15]张晓勇,唐道彬,王季春,等.水培营养液离子浓度对脱毒马铃薯生长发育和光合性能的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):345-353.ZHANG X Y,TANG D B,WANG J C,et al.Efjfbcts of Different Ionic Concentration on Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Virus-free Potato by Hydroponic System[J].Southwest China Jounal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(2):345-353.(in Chinese)
[16]ZHANG Y F,LI W L,MENG W F,et al.A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture[J].Agricultural Science &Technology,2013,14(9):1267-1270.
[17]刘义玲,孙周平,李天来.雾培对网纹甜瓜根系生长和氮代谢的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(7):174-180.LIU Y L,SUN Z P,LI T L.Effects of Aeroponical Culture on Growth and Nitrogen Metabolism of Muskmelon Root[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2013,22(7):174-180.(in Chinese)
[18]张继澍.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:105-142.ZHANG J S.Plant Physiology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005:105-142.(in Chinese)
[19]乌凤章.NaCl胁迫对高丛越橘幼苗生长和光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(11):2258-2265.WU F Z.Impacts of NaCl Stress on the Growth and Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics of Highbush Blueberry Seeding[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,2015,35(11):2258-2265.(in Chinese)
[20]ECK P.Blueberry Science[M].New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press,1988:135-169.