民国时期山西农业科技述论
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摘要
通过查阅、检索大量的原始文献资料,梳理了民国时期山西农业科技发展的历史脉络。阐述了山西主要农事机构及学校的创办情况,从选育优良品种、推广农业技术、开展科学试验3个方面介绍了农事机构及学校的科技活动。对民国时期山西农业科技活动的成效和局限性做了简单的归纳,认为北洋政府以及山西地方政府的农业改良措施,对于传播农业科技知识、恢复农业生产起到一定作用。从理念上看,引进品种的同时注重科学试验以提升自身的研究能力,将棉业作为当时的特色优势产业大力发展,与当下加强基础研究、提升创新实力,发展特色优势产业、加快脱贫致富步伐有相似之处。
Through the inspection and retrieval of a large number of original literatures,the history of Shanxi agricultural science and technology development during the period of the Republic of China is elucidated.This paper expounds the establishment of the main agricultural institutions and schools in Shanxi,and introduces the scientific and technological activities of the agricultural institutions and schools from three aspects:breeding fine varieties,promoting agricultural technology and carrying out scientific experiments.The achievements and limitations of the agricultural science and technology activities in Shanxi during the period of the Republic of China is summarized roughly:the agricultural improving measures employed by the Beiyang Government and the local Shanxi government exerted certain effects on the dissemination of agricultural scientific and technological knowledge and the restoration of agricultural production.To pay attention to the enhancement of the research capacity during the variety introduction and to specially focus on the competitive edge of the cotton industry are similar with the present practices including strengthening basic research,enhancing innovation,developing characteristic industries and accelerating the pace of poverty relief.
Through the inspection and retrieval of a large number of original literatures,the history of Shanxi agricultural science and technology development during the period of the Republic of China is elucidated.This paper expounds the establishment of the main agricultural institutions and schools in Shanxi,and introduces the scientific and technological activities of the agricultural institutions and schools from three aspects:breeding fine varieties,promoting agricultural technology and carrying out scientific experiments.The achievements and limitations of the agricultural science and technology activities in Shanxi during the period of the Republic of China is summarized roughly:the agricultural improving measures employed by the Beiyang Government and the local Shanxi government exerted certain effects on the dissemination of agricultural scientific and technological knowledge and the restoration of agricultural production.To pay attention to the enhancement of the research capacity during the variety introduction and to specially focus on the competitive edge of the cotton industry are similar with the present practices including strengthening basic research,enhancing innovation,developing characteristic industries and accelerating the pace of poverty relief.
引文
[1]实业部国际贸易局.中国实业志·山西省[M].1937.
[2]山西农桑总局.农事试验报告[R].1921.
[3]山西省农矿厅.改组山西省农矿厅所属农桑局为山西省农务局计划案[J].农矿季刊,1929(2):4-8.
[4]山西省农务局.山西省农务局附设农家副业传习所简章[J].农矿季刊,1930(6):7-9.
[5]山西省实业厅.令委前往农务局会同计划新农场一切建设事项[J].山西实业公报,1934(26):1-2.
[6]山西省公署建设厅.恢复省农事试验场[J].山西建设工作汇刊,1941:2-3.
[7]山西省农矿厅.山西农棉试验场规则[J].农矿季刊,1930(5):10-12.
[8]武藻.山西棉业试验总场工作总报告[R].1933.
[9]山西省棉产改进所.山西省棉产改进计划大纲及二十五年度施业纲要[J].农铎,1936,119:14-19.
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[13]山西铭贤学校.山西铭贤学校农科工作概况[M].太谷:山西铭贤学校,1935:8-12.
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[16]李清泉.从农村实际的观察谈谈农村改进[J].山西农学会刊,1942(13/14):1-8.
[17]李士勋.棉蚜防治方法及其推行[J].农铎,1937(124):1-7.
[18]山西农业专门学校.敬告河东三十五县农民布种春小麦书[J].农矿季刊,1929(2):15-16.
[19]王蓉.民国时期的“农场”之辨析[J].农业考古,2013(3):213-216.
[20]白春礼.加强基础研究,强化原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新[N].南方都市报,2015-11-12(1).
[21]任永玲.浅谈民国时期山西棉花生产的发展[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(31):200-204.
[22]张松玲.敬告十年建设计划诸君[J].新农村,1933(6):1-17.
[23]梁觉民.省立岱岳畜牧职业学校[A].//见:山西文史资料编辑部编.山西文史精选:建国前的山西教育[M].太原:山西高校联合出版社,1992:175-181.
[24]山西省地方志编纂委员会办公室.近代的山西[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1988.
[25]山西省地方志办公室.民国山西史[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2011.
[26]中共中央国务院.关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见[Z].2016-12-31.
[2]山西农桑总局.农事试验报告[R].1921.
[3]山西省农矿厅.改组山西省农矿厅所属农桑局为山西省农务局计划案[J].农矿季刊,1929(2):4-8.
[4]山西省农务局.山西省农务局附设农家副业传习所简章[J].农矿季刊,1930(6):7-9.
[5]山西省实业厅.令委前往农务局会同计划新农场一切建设事项[J].山西实业公报,1934(26):1-2.
[6]山西省公署建设厅.恢复省农事试验场[J].山西建设工作汇刊,1941:2-3.
[7]山西省农矿厅.山西农棉试验场规则[J].农矿季刊,1930(5):10-12.
[8]武藻.山西棉业试验总场工作总报告[R].1933.
[9]山西省棉产改进所.山西省棉产改进计划大纲及二十五年度施业纲要[J].农铎,1936,119:14-19.
[10]孟述文.山西全省模范畜牧场概况[J].山西文史资料,1982(24).
[11]山西省立农业专科学校编辑委员会.山西省立农业专科学校一览[M].太原:山西省立农业专科学校,1935.
[12]山西省立岱岳镇牧畜初级职业学校、山阴县牧畜场一览[M].北平:北平集成印书局,1936.
[13]山西铭贤学校.山西铭贤学校农科工作概况[M].太谷:山西铭贤学校,1935:8-12.
[14]曹幸穗.从引进到本土化:民国时期的农业科技[J].古今农业,2004(1):45-53.
[15]杨常伟.民国时期山西农业科技——以山西铭贤学校为中心的实证考察[D].太原:山西大学,2009:128-132.
[16]李清泉.从农村实际的观察谈谈农村改进[J].山西农学会刊,1942(13/14):1-8.
[17]李士勋.棉蚜防治方法及其推行[J].农铎,1937(124):1-7.
[18]山西农业专门学校.敬告河东三十五县农民布种春小麦书[J].农矿季刊,1929(2):15-16.
[19]王蓉.民国时期的“农场”之辨析[J].农业考古,2013(3):213-216.
[20]白春礼.加强基础研究,强化原始创新、集成创新和引进消化吸收再创新[N].南方都市报,2015-11-12(1).
[21]任永玲.浅谈民国时期山西棉花生产的发展[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(31):200-204.
[22]张松玲.敬告十年建设计划诸君[J].新农村,1933(6):1-17.
[23]梁觉民.省立岱岳畜牧职业学校[A].//见:山西文史资料编辑部编.山西文史精选:建国前的山西教育[M].太原:山西高校联合出版社,1992:175-181.
[24]山西省地方志编纂委员会办公室.近代的山西[M].太原:山西人民出版社,1988.
[25]山西省地方志办公室.民国山西史[M].太原:山西人民出版社,2011.
[26]中共中央国务院.关于深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革加快培育农业农村发展新动能的若干意见[Z].2016-12-31.