古代上海地区发生的中日佛教交流——以宋元为中心的考察
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摘要
古代上海地区参与海上丝绸之路经济文化交流的历史悠久。上海地区在古代曾是中国和日本佛教文化交流的重要枢纽,而宋元时期表现突出。期间有两件大事值得研究,一是宋代日本名僧俊芿来华学习佛学,回日本京都传播佛法。二是名僧清拙正澄先来上海驻锡传法,后应日本上层邀请东渡传法,影响深远。这不仅是古代上海地区参与中日佛教交流并起到地理上重要桥梁的历史见证,也反映宋元时期上海地区的佛教发展状态。宋元时期中日佛教宗派发展的阶段性存在一定时间落差,这加强了不同时期日本佛教对中国佛教的学习的需要和可能。上海地区地处东南沿海,是经济与文化发达的江南地区面向海上的对外交流门户,本地经济、交通与文化发展程度较高,吸引名僧进驻,保存大量经典,且能借江南与海上丝绸之路两端左右逢源获得机遇。
Ancient Shanghai has a long history of participating in economic and cultural exchanges along the maritime silk road. Shanghai area was an important hub of Buddhist cultural exchanges between China and Japan in ancient times, especially in Song and Yuan dynasties. During this period, there are two major events worth studying. First, a famous Japanese monk named Junreng came to China to study Buddhism in Song Dynasty and then returned to Kyoto to spread it. Second, a monk named Qingzhuo Zhengcheng came to Shanghai to teach the dharma and then he was invited by the upper class in Japan to teach the dharma there, which had a far-reaching influence. These is not only the historical witness for ancient Shanghai to participate in Sino-Japanese Buddhist exchanges and play an important role in geography, but also a reflection of the development status of Buddhism in Shanghai during the Song and Yuan dynasties. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was a certain time gap between the development of Japanese Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism, which strengthened the need and possibility for Japan to learn Chinese Buddhism in different periods. Located in the southeast coast, Shanghai is the seaport of the economically and culturally developed Jiangnan(regions south of the Yangtze River) region. With a relatively high level of local economic, transportation and cultural development, Shanghai attracted famous monks to come and preserved a large number of classics. In addition, Shanghai could take both advantage from Jiangnan region and the Maritime Silk Road to find opportunities.
Ancient Shanghai has a long history of participating in economic and cultural exchanges along the maritime silk road. Shanghai area was an important hub of Buddhist cultural exchanges between China and Japan in ancient times, especially in Song and Yuan dynasties. During this period, there are two major events worth studying. First, a famous Japanese monk named Junreng came to China to study Buddhism in Song Dynasty and then returned to Kyoto to spread it. Second, a monk named Qingzhuo Zhengcheng came to Shanghai to teach the dharma and then he was invited by the upper class in Japan to teach the dharma there, which had a far-reaching influence. These is not only the historical witness for ancient Shanghai to participate in Sino-Japanese Buddhist exchanges and play an important role in geography, but also a reflection of the development status of Buddhism in Shanghai during the Song and Yuan dynasties. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was a certain time gap between the development of Japanese Buddhism and Chinese Buddhism, which strengthened the need and possibility for Japan to learn Chinese Buddhism in different periods. Located in the southeast coast, Shanghai is the seaport of the economically and culturally developed Jiangnan(regions south of the Yangtze River) region. With a relatively high level of local economic, transportation and cultural development, Shanghai attracted famous monks to come and preserved a large number of classics. In addition, Shanghai could take both advantage from Jiangnan region and the Maritime Silk Road to find opportunities.
引文
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[2] 柴志光,潘明权.上海佛教碑刻文献集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.
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[4] 村上专精.日本佛教史纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[5] 木宫泰彦.日中文化交流史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.
[6] 木宫泰彦.中日交通史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1935:264.
[7] 顾吉辰.宋代佛教史稿[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,1993:143.
[8] 阮仁泽,高振农.上海宗教史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992.
[9] 上海市地方志办公室,上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《松江县卷》册上[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2011.
[10] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷30[M].北京:中华书局,1994年版,第83册,第113页.
[11] 闫孟祥.宋代佛教史:上册[M].北京:人民出版社,2013:226.
[12] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷28[M].北京:中华书局,1994年版,第82册,第77页.
[13] 张晓东.历史时期上海地区的地理特征与丝路地位[M]//海洋文明研究:第3辑.中西书局,2018:126.
[14] 徐松.宋会要辑稿[M].北京:中华书局,1957.
[15] 上海市地方志办公室、上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《上海县卷》册一[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2015:1.
[16] 上海博物馆编.千年古港:上海青龙镇遗址考古精粹[M].上海:上海书画出版社,2017.
[17] 王辉.青龙镇[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2015:163.
[18] 释东初.宋僧东渡与日本武士道精神[M]//张曼涛主编.中日佛教关系研究.台北:大乘文化出版社,1978:254.
[19] 李映辉.唐代佛教地理研究[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2004.
[20] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷1[M]//中华大藏经:第82册,第807页.北京:中华书局,1994.
[21] 上海市地方志办公室,上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《青浦县卷》册上[M].上海:上海古籍出版社2014:434.
[22] 崇祯松江府志:卷一[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1990.
(1)《元史》,卷20,中华书局,1976年版,册2,第426-427页。
(1)本文所用上海地区一词指今天上海市行政管辖范围在古代的对应的地理范围。
(1)《即休契了禅师拾遗集》,《卍新续藏》第71册,东京株式会社国书刊行会,1967年,第104页。
(2)明河:《补续高僧传》卷一三,《卍新续藏》第77册,第465页。
(1)《元史》卷17,中华书局1976年版,第372页。
(2)《元史》卷14,中华书局1976年版,第285页。
(3)《元史》卷208,中华书局1976年版,第4628页。
[2] 柴志光,潘明权.上海佛教碑刻文献集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004.
[3] 志磐撰,释道法校注.佛祖统纪校注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2012.
[4] 村上专精.日本佛教史纲[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981.
[5] 木宫泰彦.日中文化交流史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980.
[6] 木宫泰彦.中日交通史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1935:264.
[7] 顾吉辰.宋代佛教史稿[M].郑州:中州古籍出版社,1993:143.
[8] 阮仁泽,高振农.上海宗教史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992.
[9] 上海市地方志办公室,上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《松江县卷》册上[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2011.
[10] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷30[M].北京:中华书局,1994年版,第83册,第113页.
[11] 闫孟祥.宋代佛教史:上册[M].北京:人民出版社,2013:226.
[12] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷28[M].北京:中华书局,1994年版,第82册,第77页.
[13] 张晓东.历史时期上海地区的地理特征与丝路地位[M]//海洋文明研究:第3辑.中西书局,2018:126.
[14] 徐松.宋会要辑稿[M].北京:中华书局,1957.
[15] 上海市地方志办公室、上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《上海县卷》册一[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2015:1.
[16] 上海博物馆编.千年古港:上海青龙镇遗址考古精粹[M].上海:上海书画出版社,2017.
[17] 王辉.青龙镇[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2015:163.
[18] 释东初.宋僧东渡与日本武士道精神[M]//张曼涛主编.中日佛教关系研究.台北:大乘文化出版社,1978:254.
[19] 李映辉.唐代佛教地理研究[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社,2004.
[20] 念常撰.佛祖历代通载:卷1[M]//中华大藏经:第82册,第807页.北京:中华书局,1994.
[21] 上海市地方志办公室,上海市松江区地方志办公室编.《上海府县旧志丛书》,《青浦县卷》册上[M].上海:上海古籍出版社2014:434.
[22] 崇祯松江府志:卷一[M].北京:书目文献出版社,1990.
(1)《元史》,卷20,中华书局,1976年版,册2,第426-427页。
(1)本文所用上海地区一词指今天上海市行政管辖范围在古代的对应的地理范围。
(1)《即休契了禅师拾遗集》,《卍新续藏》第71册,东京株式会社国书刊行会,1967年,第104页。
(2)明河:《补续高僧传》卷一三,《卍新续藏》第77册,第465页。
(1)《元史》卷17,中华书局1976年版,第372页。
(2)《元史》卷14,中华书局1976年版,第285页。
(3)《元史》卷208,中华书局1976年版,第4628页。