木寨岭隧道大变形控制技术
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摘要
对于隧道大变形控制,需综合考虑加固围岩、大刚度支护、适度应力释放、合理工法以及强化建设管理等手段,多措并举。文章以木寨岭特长隧道施工大变形控制为工程实例,总结和分析斜井及正洞施工中不同程度的大变形段落支护结构调整及变形控制理念。结果表明:(1)对于一般大变形段,适当提高隧道支护结构强度和刚度即可有效抑制变形和支护破坏;(2)对于中等大变形段,可进一步提高支护结构强度和刚度,或者辅以径向注浆、加长加密锚杆、局部增设套拱等措施,变形也能得到基本控制;(3)对于严重—极严重变形段,必须采取超前应力释放、长短锚固体系加固围岩、分层施作大刚度支护等综合措施才能有效控制变形,保证施工及结构长期安全稳定。
In light of large tunnel deformation control, it′ s necessary to consider reinforcement of surrounding rock, large stiffness support, moderate stress release, reasonable construction method and enhanced construction management and so on. Taking the large deformation control during construction of the Muzhailing extra-long tunnel as an example, an analysis and summarization on support structure adjustment process and deformation control concept during the construction of sections with varying degrees of large deformation in inclined shaft and main tunnel were conducted, with the results showing that:(1) for the general large deformation, appropriate improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure can effectively inhibit deformation and support damage;(2) for the medium large deformation, further improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure are to be taken, or radial grouting, lengthened and more dense anchor bolt and local addition of cover arch are to be adopted to basically control deformation;(3) for the severe to extremely severe deformations, comprehensive measures like advance stress release, long and short anchoring system to strengthen surrounding rock and application of multi-layer large-stiffness support, etc. must be adopted to effectively control deformation and ensure construction safety and long-term stability of the structure.
In light of large tunnel deformation control, it′ s necessary to consider reinforcement of surrounding rock, large stiffness support, moderate stress release, reasonable construction method and enhanced construction management and so on. Taking the large deformation control during construction of the Muzhailing extra-long tunnel as an example, an analysis and summarization on support structure adjustment process and deformation control concept during the construction of sections with varying degrees of large deformation in inclined shaft and main tunnel were conducted, with the results showing that:(1) for the general large deformation, appropriate improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure can effectively inhibit deformation and support damage;(2) for the medium large deformation, further improvement of strength and stiffness of support structure are to be taken, or radial grouting, lengthened and more dense anchor bolt and local addition of cover arch are to be adopted to basically control deformation;(3) for the severe to extremely severe deformations, comprehensive measures like advance stress release, long and short anchoring system to strengthen surrounding rock and application of multi-layer large-stiffness support, etc. must be adopted to effectively control deformation and ensure construction safety and long-term stability of the structure.
引文
[1]李磊,谭忠盛,郭小龙,等.高地应力陡倾互层千枚岩地层隧道大变形研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1611-1622.LI Lei,TAN Zhongsheng,GUO Xiaolong,et al.Large Deformation of Tunnels in Steep Dip Strata of Interbedding Phyllite under High Geostresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1611-1622.
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[4]叶康慨.兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段扩拆技术[J].隧道建设(中英文):2018,38(4):640~648.YE Kangkai.Dismantling and Enlarging Technology for Ridge Core Section of Muzhailing Tunnel on Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Tunnel Construction(Chinese and English),2018,38(4):640-648.
[5]李廷春.毛羽山隧道高地应力软岩大变形施工控制技术[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(2):59-67.LI Tingchun.Large Deformation Control Technology for Maoyushan Tunnel in Soft Rock under High In-situ stresses[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(2):59-67.
[6]尤显明,李沿宗.极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术[J].隧道建设,2017,37(7):832-837.YOU Xianming,LI Yanzong.Stress Releasing and Deformation Control Technology of Multilayer Support for Pilot Heading of a Soft Rock Tunnel with Extremely High Ground Stress[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(7):832-837.
[7]张德华,雷可,谭忠盛,等.软岩大变形隧道双层初期支护承载性能对比试验研究[J].土木工工程学报,2017,50(S2):86-92.ZHANG Dehua,LEI Ke,TAN Zhongsheng,et al.Field Test on Bearing and Deformation Properties of Double Primary Layers Applied to Large Deformation Tunnel in Weak Rock[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(S2):86-92.
[8]张海洋,徐文杰,王永刚.各向异性软岩隧道围岩蠕变特征及支护方案对比分析[J].铁道建筑,2018,58(8):71-58.ZHANG Haiyang,XU Wenjie,WANG Yonggang.Creep Characteristics of Surrounding Rock in Anisotropic Soft Rock Tunnel and Comparative Analysis of Supporting Schemes[J].Railway Engineering,2018,58(8):71-58.
[9]宋章,蒋良文,杜宇本,等.成兰铁路软岩隧道大变形特征及成因机制探析[J].工程地质学报,2016,(S1):21-26.SONG Zhang,JIANG Liangwen,DU Yuben,et al.Analysis on Characteristic and Formation Mechanism of Larger Deformation for the Tunnel of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,(S1):21-26.
[10]于天赐.软岩隧道大变形控制技术研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(S2):112-117.YU Tianci.Study on Large Deformation Control Technology of Tunnel in Soft Rock[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(S2):112-117.
[11]孙绍峰.兰渝铁路软岩隧道特征及大变形控制技术[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(3):125-130.SUN Shaofeng.Characteristics of Soft Rock Tunnels and Large Deformation Control Technology in the Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2012,49(3):125-130.
[12]赵福善.兰渝铁路两水隧道高地应力软岩大变形控制技术[J].隧道建设,2014,34(6):546-553.ZHAO Fushan.Technologies to Control Serious Deformation of Soft Rocks with High Ground Stress:Case Study on Liangshui Tunnel on Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(6):546-553.
[2]李勇峰,孙洋,徐颖,等.软岩隧道大变形机理及支护参数优化分析[J].施工技术,2013,42(23):78-81.LI Yongfeng,SUN Yang,XU Ying,et al.Analysis of Large Deformation Mechanism and Support Parameter Optimization in Soft Rock Tunnel[J].Construction Technology,2013,42(23):78-81.
[3]宋嘉辉.高地应力千枚岩地层隧道大变形控制措施探讨[J].施工技术,2012,41(368):90-95.SONG Jiahui.Discussion on Large Deformation Controls for Tunnels in High Geo-stress Phyllite Stratum[J].Constructon Technology,2012,41(368):90-95.
[4]叶康慨.兰渝铁路木寨岭隧道岭脊核心段扩拆技术[J].隧道建设(中英文):2018,38(4):640~648.YE Kangkai.Dismantling and Enlarging Technology for Ridge Core Section of Muzhailing Tunnel on Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Tunnel Construction(Chinese and English),2018,38(4):640-648.
[5]李廷春.毛羽山隧道高地应力软岩大变形施工控制技术[J].现代隧道技术,2011,48(2):59-67.LI Tingchun.Large Deformation Control Technology for Maoyushan Tunnel in Soft Rock under High In-situ stresses[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2011,48(2):59-67.
[6]尤显明,李沿宗.极高地应力软岩隧道超前导洞应力释放及多层支护变形控制技术[J].隧道建设,2017,37(7):832-837.YOU Xianming,LI Yanzong.Stress Releasing and Deformation Control Technology of Multilayer Support for Pilot Heading of a Soft Rock Tunnel with Extremely High Ground Stress[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(7):832-837.
[7]张德华,雷可,谭忠盛,等.软岩大变形隧道双层初期支护承载性能对比试验研究[J].土木工工程学报,2017,50(S2):86-92.ZHANG Dehua,LEI Ke,TAN Zhongsheng,et al.Field Test on Bearing and Deformation Properties of Double Primary Layers Applied to Large Deformation Tunnel in Weak Rock[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(S2):86-92.
[8]张海洋,徐文杰,王永刚.各向异性软岩隧道围岩蠕变特征及支护方案对比分析[J].铁道建筑,2018,58(8):71-58.ZHANG Haiyang,XU Wenjie,WANG Yonggang.Creep Characteristics of Surrounding Rock in Anisotropic Soft Rock Tunnel and Comparative Analysis of Supporting Schemes[J].Railway Engineering,2018,58(8):71-58.
[9]宋章,蒋良文,杜宇本,等.成兰铁路软岩隧道大变形特征及成因机制探析[J].工程地质学报,2016,(S1):21-26.SONG Zhang,JIANG Liangwen,DU Yuben,et al.Analysis on Characteristic and Formation Mechanism of Larger Deformation for the Tunnel of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2016,(S1):21-26.
[10]于天赐.软岩隧道大变形控制技术研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(S2):112-117.YU Tianci.Study on Large Deformation Control Technology of Tunnel in Soft Rock[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(S2):112-117.
[11]孙绍峰.兰渝铁路软岩隧道特征及大变形控制技术[J].现代隧道技术,2012,49(3):125-130.SUN Shaofeng.Characteristics of Soft Rock Tunnels and Large Deformation Control Technology in the Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2012,49(3):125-130.
[12]赵福善.兰渝铁路两水隧道高地应力软岩大变形控制技术[J].隧道建设,2014,34(6):546-553.ZHAO Fushan.Technologies to Control Serious Deformation of Soft Rocks with High Ground Stress:Case Study on Liangshui Tunnel on Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway[J].Tunnel Construction,2014,34(6):546-553.