四川盆地西部二叠系火山岩气藏成藏条件分析
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摘要
为了明确四川盆地川西地区二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏的天然气成藏条件,对该区火山碎屑岩气藏储层、气源、成藏组合及圈闭等成藏特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,川西简阳地区火山碎屑岩气藏的成藏有利条件包括:①永探1井以喷溢相火山碎屑熔岩为主,叠合后期蚀变和溶蚀作用,发育以脱玻化溶蚀微孔为主要储集空间的孔隙型储层;②天然气地球化学指标分析对比结果表明,永探1井火山岩气藏天然气来源以下寒武统筇竹寺组为主,简阳地区德阳—安岳裂陷内发育巨厚的寒武系优质烃源岩,为气藏形成提供了充足的气源;③火山碎屑岩储层与寒武系烃源岩组成"下生上储"的近源高效源储组合,烃源断层有效沟通源岩和储层,上覆发育有上二叠统龙潭组泥岩直接盖层和三叠系膏岩区域盖层,生、储、盖组合良好;④成都—简阳地区发育构造—岩性(地层)复合圈闭,初步证实有利含气区面积达1 300 km2,展现出极大的天然气勘探潜力。结论认为,川西地区火山碎屑岩气藏与川西南地区周公山玄武岩气藏在成藏条件方面存在着较大的差异,预测中江—三台地区火山碎屑岩分布面积超过4 000 km~2,其与简阳地区具有相似的火山岩气藏形成条件,是下一步集中突破的有利勘探区带。
In order to figure out the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Permian volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin, we analyzed the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in this area in terms of reservoir, gas source, play and trap. It is indicated that the favorable conditions for the hydrocarbon accumulation of volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in the Jianyang area in the western Sichuan Basin are as follows. First, in the Well Yongtan 1, vocaniclastic lava of effusive facies is dominant,and superimposed with late alteration and dissolution, pore-type reservoirs with devitrified dissolution micropores as the main reservoir space are developed. Second, geochemical analysis and comparison on natural gas reveal that the gas of the volcanic gas reservoirs in the Well Yongtan 1 is mainly derived from the Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower Cambrian. Cambrian quality source rocks of great thickness are developed in Deyang–Anyue rift in the Jianyang area and they provide sufficient gas sources for the formation of gas reservoirs. Third, volcaniclastic reservoirs and Cambrian source rocks constitute a proximal high-efficiency source–reservoir assemblage with reservoir in the upper part and source rock in the lower part, hydrocarbon source faults communicate source rocks with reservoirs effectively, and the direct caprock of Longtan Formation mudstone of Upper Permian and the regional caprock of Triassic gypsum rock are developed. Thus, a good assemblage of source, reservoir and caprock is formed. Fourth, tectonic–lithologic(stratigraphic) composite traps are developed in Chengdu–Jianyang area and their favorable gas bearing area is preliminarily confirmed to be 1 300 km~2, presenting a great exploration potential of natural gas. In conclusion, the volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin are much different from Zhougongshan basalt gas reservoir in southwestern Sichuan Basin in terms of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. It is predicted that the distribution area of vocaniclastic rocks in the Zhongjiang–Santai area is over 4 000 km~2, and their hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of volcanic gas reservoirs are similar to those in the Jianyang area, so this is a favorable area for exploration breakthrough in the next stage.
In order to figure out the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Permian volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin, we analyzed the hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in this area in terms of reservoir, gas source, play and trap. It is indicated that the favorable conditions for the hydrocarbon accumulation of volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in the Jianyang area in the western Sichuan Basin are as follows. First, in the Well Yongtan 1, vocaniclastic lava of effusive facies is dominant,and superimposed with late alteration and dissolution, pore-type reservoirs with devitrified dissolution micropores as the main reservoir space are developed. Second, geochemical analysis and comparison on natural gas reveal that the gas of the volcanic gas reservoirs in the Well Yongtan 1 is mainly derived from the Qiongzhusi Formation of Lower Cambrian. Cambrian quality source rocks of great thickness are developed in Deyang–Anyue rift in the Jianyang area and they provide sufficient gas sources for the formation of gas reservoirs. Third, volcaniclastic reservoirs and Cambrian source rocks constitute a proximal high-efficiency source–reservoir assemblage with reservoir in the upper part and source rock in the lower part, hydrocarbon source faults communicate source rocks with reservoirs effectively, and the direct caprock of Longtan Formation mudstone of Upper Permian and the regional caprock of Triassic gypsum rock are developed. Thus, a good assemblage of source, reservoir and caprock is formed. Fourth, tectonic–lithologic(stratigraphic) composite traps are developed in Chengdu–Jianyang area and their favorable gas bearing area is preliminarily confirmed to be 1 300 km~2, presenting a great exploration potential of natural gas. In conclusion, the volcaniclastic gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin are much different from Zhougongshan basalt gas reservoir in southwestern Sichuan Basin in terms of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. It is predicted that the distribution area of vocaniclastic rocks in the Zhongjiang–Santai area is over 4 000 km~2, and their hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of volcanic gas reservoirs are similar to those in the Jianyang area, so this is a favorable area for exploration breakthrough in the next stage.
引文
[1]杨毅,张本健,蒋德生,裴森奇,周子琰.四川盆地西南部上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩成藏模式初探[J].天然气工业,2010,30(5):46-49.Yang Yi,Zhang Benjian,Jiang Desheng,Pei Senqi&Zhou Ziyan.A preliminary study on hydrocarbon pooling patterns of the Upper Permian Emeishan basalts in southwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(5):46-49.
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[4]田景春,林小兵,郭维,张翔,黄平辉.四川盆地二叠纪玄武岩喷发事件的油气地质意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(1):14-20.Tian Jingchun,Lin Xiaobing,Guo Wei,Zhang Xiang&Huang Pinghui.Geological significance of oil and gas in the Permian basalt eruption event in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2017,44(1):14-20.
[5]刘成英,朱日祥.试论峨眉山玄武岩的地球动力学含义[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):52-69.Liu Chengying&Zhu Rixiang.Discussion on geodynamic significance of the Emeishan basalts[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(2):52-69.
[6]何冰辉,刘少峰,吴鹏.峨眉山大火成岩省形成后的海平面变化及沉积响应[J].云南地质,2017,36(3):319-326.He Binghui,Liu Shaofeng&Wu Peng.The sea level variation and sedimentation response after the formation of Emeishan large igneous rock province[J].Yunnan Geology,2017,36(3):319-326.
[7]郭希,陈赟,李士东,邓阳凡,徐涛,李玮,等.峨眉山大火成岩省地壳横波速度结构特征及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(9):3338-3351.Guo Xi,Chen Yun,Li Shidong,Deng Yangfan,Xu Tao,Li Wei,et al.Crustal shear-wave velocity structure and its geodynamic implications beneath the Emeishan large igneous province[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(9):3338-3351.
[8]张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜.攀西裂谷[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Zhang Yunxiang,Luo Yaonan&Yang Chongxi.Panxi rift[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.
[9]马玉孝,张成江,纪相田,倪师军.攀西古裂谷构造-岩浆作用模式[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(1):21-24.Ma Yuxiao,Zhang Chengjiang,Ji Xiangtian&Ni Shijun.Tectono-magmatic model of Panxi paleo-rift[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,22(1):21-24.
[10]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,王雅玫.攀西裂谷存在吗?[J].地质论评,2003,49(6):572-582.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Xiao Long&Wang Yamei.Does the Panzhihua-Xichang rift exist?[J].Geological Review,2003,49(6):572-582.
[11]程黎鹿.峨眉山大火成岩省的岩浆运移、滞留、演化过程的岩石学和数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.Cheng Lilu.Petrology and numerical simulation of magma migration,retention and evolution in the Emeishan large igneous province[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2014.
[12]李宏博.峨眉山大火成岩省地幔柱动力学:基性岩墙群、地球化学及沉积地层学证据[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.Li Hongbo.Dynamics of mantle plume in Emeishan large igneous province:Evidence of basic rock wall group,geochemistry and sedimentary stratigraphy[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012.
[13]周志敏.四川盐源二叠纪玄武岩地质地球化学特征及成岩演化[D].成都:成都理工大学,2018.Zhou Zhimin.Geological and geochemical characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Permian basalts from Yanyuan,Sichuan Province[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2018.
[14]李厚民,毛景文,徐章宝,陈毓川,张长青,许虹.滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩大火成岩区铜矿化蚀变特征[J].地球学报,2004,25(5):495-502.Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Xu Zhangbao,Chen Yuchuan,Zhang Changqing&Xu Hong.Copper mineralization characteristics of the Emeishan basalt district in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(5):495-502.
[15]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,罗冰,黄建章,江兴福,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系-下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-7.Xu Chunchun,Shen Ping,Yang Yueming,Luo Bing,Huang Jianzhang,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleohigh,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-7.
[16]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,Zhang Baomin,Wei Guoqi,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[17]杨跃明,文龙,罗冰,王文之,山述娇.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):179-188.Yang Yueming,Wen Long,Luo Bing,Wang Wenzhi&Shan Shujiao.Hydrocarbon accumulation of Sinian natural gas reservoirs,Leshan-Longnüsi paleohigh,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):179-188.
[18]夏茂龙,文龙,陈文,范毅,赵春妮,林怡.高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组、寒武系龙王庙组烃源与成藏演化特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(增刊1):1-6.Xia Maolong,Wen Long,Chen Wen,Fan Yi,Zhao Chunni&Lin Yi.Sinian system Dengying Fm and Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm hydrocarbon source and accumulation evolution characteristics in Gaoshiti-Moxi area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(S1):1-6.
[19]魏国齐,杨威,谢武仁,金惠,苏楠,孙爱,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系天然气成藏模式与勘探领域[J].石油学报,2018,39(12):1317-1327.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Jin Hui,Su Nan,Sun Ai,et al.Accumulation modes and exploration domains of Sinian-Cambrian natural gas in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(12):1317-1327.
[20]张若祥.川西南“峨眉山玄武岩”气藏特征研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.Zhang Ruoxiang.Study on gas reservoir characteristics of the Emeishan basalt in Southwestern Sichuan[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.
[2]黄籍中,苟学敏.四川盆地二叠系玄武岩非常规气藏气源及勘探前景分析[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5):16-19.Huang Jizhong&Gou Xuemin.Analysis of gas source and exploration potential of Permian basalt unconventional gas reservoir in Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1994,14(5):16-19.
[3]宋文海,庞家黎.四川盆地西南部上二叠统玄武岩含气性研究[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5):11-15.Song Wenhai&Pang Jiali.Gas-bearing study of P2 basalt in the southwest part of Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1994,14(5):11-15.
[4]田景春,林小兵,郭维,张翔,黄平辉.四川盆地二叠纪玄武岩喷发事件的油气地质意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,44(1):14-20.Tian Jingchun,Lin Xiaobing,Guo Wei,Zhang Xiang&Huang Pinghui.Geological significance of oil and gas in the Permian basalt eruption event in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2017,44(1):14-20.
[5]刘成英,朱日祥.试论峨眉山玄武岩的地球动力学含义[J].地学前缘,2009,16(2):52-69.Liu Chengying&Zhu Rixiang.Discussion on geodynamic significance of the Emeishan basalts[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(2):52-69.
[6]何冰辉,刘少峰,吴鹏.峨眉山大火成岩省形成后的海平面变化及沉积响应[J].云南地质,2017,36(3):319-326.He Binghui,Liu Shaofeng&Wu Peng.The sea level variation and sedimentation response after the formation of Emeishan large igneous rock province[J].Yunnan Geology,2017,36(3):319-326.
[7]郭希,陈赟,李士东,邓阳凡,徐涛,李玮,等.峨眉山大火成岩省地壳横波速度结构特征及其动力学意义[J].地球物理学报,2017,60(9):3338-3351.Guo Xi,Chen Yun,Li Shidong,Deng Yangfan,Xu Tao,Li Wei,et al.Crustal shear-wave velocity structure and its geodynamic implications beneath the Emeishan large igneous province[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2017,60(9):3338-3351.
[8]张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜.攀西裂谷[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Zhang Yunxiang,Luo Yaonan&Yang Chongxi.Panxi rift[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.
[9]马玉孝,张成江,纪相田,倪师军.攀西古裂谷构造-岩浆作用模式[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(1):21-24.Ma Yuxiao,Zhang Chengjiang,Ji Xiangtian&Ni Shijun.Tectono-magmatic model of Panxi paleo-rift[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,22(1):21-24.
[10]何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,王雅玫.攀西裂谷存在吗?[J].地质论评,2003,49(6):572-582.He Bin,Xu Yigang,Xiao Long&Wang Yamei.Does the Panzhihua-Xichang rift exist?[J].Geological Review,2003,49(6):572-582.
[11]程黎鹿.峨眉山大火成岩省的岩浆运移、滞留、演化过程的岩石学和数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2014.Cheng Lilu.Petrology and numerical simulation of magma migration,retention and evolution in the Emeishan large igneous province[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2014.
[12]李宏博.峨眉山大火成岩省地幔柱动力学:基性岩墙群、地球化学及沉积地层学证据[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.Li Hongbo.Dynamics of mantle plume in Emeishan large igneous province:Evidence of basic rock wall group,geochemistry and sedimentary stratigraphy[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2012.
[13]周志敏.四川盐源二叠纪玄武岩地质地球化学特征及成岩演化[D].成都:成都理工大学,2018.Zhou Zhimin.Geological and geochemical characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Permian basalts from Yanyuan,Sichuan Province[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2018.
[14]李厚民,毛景文,徐章宝,陈毓川,张长青,许虹.滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩大火成岩区铜矿化蚀变特征[J].地球学报,2004,25(5):495-502.Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Xu Zhangbao,Chen Yuchuan,Zhang Changqing&Xu Hong.Copper mineralization characteristics of the Emeishan basalt district in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2004,25(5):495-502.
[15]徐春春,沈平,杨跃明,罗冰,黄建章,江兴福,等.乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系-下寒武统龙王庙组天然气成藏条件与富集规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-7.Xu Chunchun,Shen Ping,Yang Yueming,Luo Bing,Huang Jianzhang,Jiang Xingfu,et al.Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleohigh,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-7.
[16]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,Zhang Baomin,Wei Guoqi,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[17]杨跃明,文龙,罗冰,王文之,山述娇.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):179-188.Yang Yueming,Wen Long,Luo Bing,Wang Wenzhi&Shan Shujiao.Hydrocarbon accumulation of Sinian natural gas reservoirs,Leshan-Longnüsi paleohigh,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(2):179-188.
[18]夏茂龙,文龙,陈文,范毅,赵春妮,林怡.高石梯-磨溪地区震旦系灯影组、寒武系龙王庙组烃源与成藏演化特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(增刊1):1-6.Xia Maolong,Wen Long,Chen Wen,Fan Yi,Zhao Chunni&Lin Yi.Sinian system Dengying Fm and Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm hydrocarbon source and accumulation evolution characteristics in Gaoshiti-Moxi area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(S1):1-6.
[19]魏国齐,杨威,谢武仁,金惠,苏楠,孙爱,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系天然气成藏模式与勘探领域[J].石油学报,2018,39(12):1317-1327.Wei Guoqi,Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Jin Hui,Su Nan,Sun Ai,et al.Accumulation modes and exploration domains of Sinian-Cambrian natural gas in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(12):1317-1327.
[20]张若祥.川西南“峨眉山玄武岩”气藏特征研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.Zhang Ruoxiang.Study on gas reservoir characteristics of the Emeishan basalt in Southwestern Sichuan[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.