确定地下埋藏砂体与裂缝空间方位的原理和方法
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摘要
储层裂缝及砂体的空间展布方位对油气勘探和开发具有重要意义,岩心是研究储层的唯一实体,虽有多种岩心原始方位恢复的手段,但是缺乏简便易行的方法.本文用古地磁方法对井下钻井岩心进行复位,进而研究岩心裂缝及砂体的展布方向,以延长油田X区块6口井46块样品为例,得出了这6口井的裂缝及砂体空间展布方位,并对该方法的可靠性进行了分析,完善了该方法的理论与技术体系.研究结果表明,利用古地磁方法进行岩心复位具有成本低、易操作且精度高的特点.
The spatial distribution of reservoir fractures and sand bodies are of great significance for oil and gas exploration and exploitation,The only entity to study reservoir is core which should be original orientated,although there are a variety of means to obtain the original orientation of the core,but the lack of effective one.In this paper paleomagnetic method was used to study spatial distribution of reservoir fractures and sand bodies which based on restored the original orientation of the core.The theory and technology system of the method was improved by obtaining the original orientation of reservoir fractures and paleocurrent of 46 samples from 6wells in Yan-Chang Oilfield X-block,and the reliability of the data was analyzed and successfully tested by directly observation in the field.The research result shows that the method which used paleomagnetism method to restore the original orientation of the core have merits of easy operation,lower-cost and high accuracy.Meanwhile the study also has provided basis for adjusting the wells location and designing plan of reservoir exploitation of X-block.
The spatial distribution of reservoir fractures and sand bodies are of great significance for oil and gas exploration and exploitation,The only entity to study reservoir is core which should be original orientated,although there are a variety of means to obtain the original orientation of the core,but the lack of effective one.In this paper paleomagnetic method was used to study spatial distribution of reservoir fractures and sand bodies which based on restored the original orientation of the core.The theory and technology system of the method was improved by obtaining the original orientation of reservoir fractures and paleocurrent of 46 samples from 6wells in Yan-Chang Oilfield X-block,and the reliability of the data was analyzed and successfully tested by directly observation in the field.The research result shows that the method which used paleomagnetism method to restore the original orientation of the core have merits of easy operation,lower-cost and high accuracy.Meanwhile the study also has provided basis for adjusting the wells location and designing plan of reservoir exploitation of X-block.
引文
Collinson D W.1983.Methods in Rock Magnetism and\sPalaeomagnetism[M].Netherlands:Springer.
Deng X Q,Liu X S,Hui X,et al.2007.The principle and\sapplication of magnetic fabric to paleocurrent estimation of\sdrilling cores[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural\sScience Edition)(in Chinese),37(6):896-900.
Enkin R J.1990.The direction correction test for paleomanetism[Ph.D.thesis].University de Pairs7,Pairs.
Fisher R.1953.Dispersion on a sphere.Pro.R.Soc.Lond.A,217(1130):295-305.
Gao X,Xie Q B.2007.Advances in identification and evaluation off\sfracture[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1460-1465.
Hailwood E A.1994.Redirect paleomagnetic cores and magnetic\sproperties of sandstone reservoirs fabric analysis[J].Translated\sfrom the Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),(6):35-45.
Hrouda F.1982.Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in\sgeology and geophysics[J].Geophysical Survey,5(1):37-82.
Hou S X,Tian G R.1999.Palaeomagnetic orientation of cores and\sits applications for insitu stress measurements[J].Journal of\sGeomechanocs(in Chinese),5(1):1128-1131.
Kirschvink J L.1980.The least-squares line and plane and the\sanalysis of palaeomagneticdata[J].Geophys.J.Int.,62(3):699-718.
Li X S,Xiong G J.2006.Paleomagnetic method of reorienting cores\sand its reliability[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),33(5):581-585.
Liang L P,Wang H J,Cheng X,et al.2012.Methods and\sprinciples to direction identify of the drilling core’s paleocurrent[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),27(1):370-375,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.043.
Lienert B R.1992.Monte Carlo simulation of errors in the\sanisotropy of magnetic susceptibility:a second-rank symmetric\stensor[J].J.Geophys.Res.,96(B12):19539-19544.
Lu R K,Zhang G W,Zhong H M,et al.2008.Characteristics of\smagnetic fabrics in western segment of the Altun fault belt and\sits tectonic significance[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(3):752-761.
Luo L,Qi J F,Jia D,et al.2013.Magnetic fabric investigation in\sTianquan-Leshan section in front of Longmenshan fold-thrust\sbelt and its indicative significance for the Cenozoic deformation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(2):558-566,doi:10.6038/cjg20130219.
Meng X H,Zhou H M.1997.Magnetic Study of drill-cores in\sJidong oil field[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),40(6):809-820.
Mu L X,Zhao G L,Tian Z Y,et al.2009.Prediction of Fractures\sin the Reservoirs(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum\sIndustry Press,67-70.
Pan Y X,Zhu R X.1998.The recent progress in magnetic fabrics[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),13(1):52-59.
Pu J,Qin Q R.2008.An overview of fracture prediction methods\sfor oil and gas reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs(in\sChinese),15(3):9-13.
Schieber J,Ellwood B B.1993.Determination of basinwide\spaleocurrent patterns in a shale succession from anisotropy of\smagnetic susceptibility(AMS);a case study of the midProterozoic Newland Formation,Montana[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,63(5):874-880.
Shen Z Y,Fang D J,Ye Y,et al.1998.Remanence anisotropy and\sits application in structural geology[C].//Fourteenth Annual\sof the Chinese Geophysical Society.
Sun W,Li Y F,Fu J W,et al.2014.Review of fracture\sidentification with well logs and seismic data[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
Tan X D,Wang P Y,Jiang L P.1994.Progress in techniques for\sbore hole paleomagnetic research[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),9(3):98-103.
Wei L L,Cheng X,Liu X T,et al.2013.A paleomagnetical\smethod to redirect cracks in cores[J].Chinese Journal of\sGeology(in Chinese),48(4):1286-1294.
Wu H N,Yue L P.1996.Paleomagnetism in the oil and gas\sexploration[A].//Xu W Y,ed.Geomagnetic Air Space\sResearch and Application(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,91-95.
Wu H N,Yue L P.1997.The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility\sof aeolian dust sediment:the paleowind field in Chinese loess\splateau[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(4):487-494.
Wu H N.1988.Magnetic fabric and it supplication to strain analysis[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),(1):94-98.
Xu S,Su Y D,Chen X L,et al.2014.Numerical study on the\scharacteristics of multipole acoustic logging while drilling in\scracked porous medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(6):1999-2012,doi:10.6038/cjg20140630.
Yang B Y,Wu H N,Li X S,et al.2002.Paleomagnetic research of\sdrilling cores in Nanniwan oil field[J].Oil&Gas Geology(in\sChinese),23(4):397-401.
Yang Z Y,Moreau M G.1998.Paleomagnetic study of Montcornet\sdrilled core[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),41(5):653-657.
Yu Q F,Zhen M.1992.Magnetic fabric analysis and its Application\sto geology(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geology Press.
Yue L P,Wang J Q,Di S X,et al.1997.The paleomagnetic\sprinciple and method appliing to orientation of core and cracks in\soil and gas field[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),12(3):71-76.
Zeng L B,Li Z X,Shi C E,et al.2007.Characteristics and origin of\sfractures in the extra low-permeability sandstone reservoirs of\sthe upper Triassic Yanchang formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),81(2):174-180.
Zhang F Q,Song J S,Shen Z Y,et al.2007.A study on fracture\sorientation and characteristic of remnant paleomagnetization of\sdeep-burial volcanic rocks,north of the Songliao Basin[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1167-1173.
Zhou Y N.2013.The study of reservoir fractures’spatial\sdistribution and the paleocurrent’s direction in the southwest of\sYanchang Oilfield(in Chinese)[Master thesis].Xi’an:Northwest University,1-64.
Zhu R X,Haung B C,Pan Y X,et al.2003.A brief guide to the\slaboratory of bock magnetism and paleomagnetism at the\sinstitute of geology and geophysics,Chinese academy of sciences[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),18(2):177-181,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.02.001.
Zhu X,Xu W.1990.Chinese Sedimentary Basins for Meso-Cenozoic\sBasins(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990.
邓秀芹,刘新社,惠潇,等.2007.岩心磁组构分析古水流方向的原理与应用[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):896-900.
高霞,谢庆宾.2007.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,22(5):1460-1465.Hailwood E A.1994.古地磁岩芯重定向与油气藏砂岩的磁性组构分析[J].石油物探译丛,(6):35-45.
侯守信,田国荣.1999.古地磁岩心定向及其在地应力测量上的应用[J].地质力学学报,5(1):90-96.
李学森,熊国锦.2006.钻井岩心重定向的古地磁方法及其可靠性[J].石油勘探与开发,33(5):581-585.
鲁如魁,张国伟,钟华明,等.2008.阿尔金断裂带西段磁组构特征及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,51(3):752-761.
梁利平,王海军,程鑫,等.2012.钻井岩心古水流方向确定方法和原理[J].地球物理学进展,1(27):370-375,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.043.
罗良,漆家福,贾东,等.2013.龙门山南段山前天全—乐山剖面磁组构研究及其对新生代构造变形的指示意义[J].地球物理学报,56(2):558-566,doi:10.6038/cjg20130219.
孟小红,周海民.1997.冀东油田钻井岩芯的磁学研究[J].地球物理学报,40(5):809-820.
穆龙新,赵国良,田中元,等.2009.储层裂缝预测研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,67-70.
潘永信,朱日祥.1998.磁组构研究现状[J].地球物理学进展,13(1):52-59.
蒲静,秦启荣.2008.油气储层裂缝预测方法综述[J].特种油气藏,15(3):9-13.
沈忠悦,方大钧,叶瑛,等.1998.岩石非滞后剩磁各向异性及其在构造地质学中的应用[C].//中国地球物理学会第十四届学术年会论文集.
孙炜,李玉凤,付建伟,等.2014.测井及地震裂缝识别研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
谈晓东,王朋岩,姜莉萍.1994.钻孔岩芯古地磁研究方法进展[J].地球物理学进展,9(3):98-103.
吴汉宁,岳乐平.1996.古地磁学在油气勘探中的应用[A].//徐文耀.地磁大气空间研究及应用[M].北京:地震出版社,91-95.
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朱日祥,黄宝春,潘永信,等.2003.岩石磁学与古地磁实验室简介[J].地球物理学进展,18(2):177-181,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.02.001.
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Deng X Q,Liu X S,Hui X,et al.2007.The principle and\sapplication of magnetic fabric to paleocurrent estimation of\sdrilling cores[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural\sScience Edition)(in Chinese),37(6):896-900.
Enkin R J.1990.The direction correction test for paleomanetism[Ph.D.thesis].University de Pairs7,Pairs.
Fisher R.1953.Dispersion on a sphere.Pro.R.Soc.Lond.A,217(1130):295-305.
Gao X,Xie Q B.2007.Advances in identification and evaluation off\sfracture[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1460-1465.
Hailwood E A.1994.Redirect paleomagnetic cores and magnetic\sproperties of sandstone reservoirs fabric analysis[J].Translated\sfrom the Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),(6):35-45.
Hrouda F.1982.Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in\sgeology and geophysics[J].Geophysical Survey,5(1):37-82.
Hou S X,Tian G R.1999.Palaeomagnetic orientation of cores and\sits applications for insitu stress measurements[J].Journal of\sGeomechanocs(in Chinese),5(1):1128-1131.
Kirschvink J L.1980.The least-squares line and plane and the\sanalysis of palaeomagneticdata[J].Geophys.J.Int.,62(3):699-718.
Li X S,Xiong G J.2006.Paleomagnetic method of reorienting cores\sand its reliability[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),33(5):581-585.
Liang L P,Wang H J,Cheng X,et al.2012.Methods and\sprinciples to direction identify of the drilling core’s paleocurrent[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),27(1):370-375,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.043.
Lienert B R.1992.Monte Carlo simulation of errors in the\sanisotropy of magnetic susceptibility:a second-rank symmetric\stensor[J].J.Geophys.Res.,96(B12):19539-19544.
Lu R K,Zhang G W,Zhong H M,et al.2008.Characteristics of\smagnetic fabrics in western segment of the Altun fault belt and\sits tectonic significance[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),51(3):752-761.
Luo L,Qi J F,Jia D,et al.2013.Magnetic fabric investigation in\sTianquan-Leshan section in front of Longmenshan fold-thrust\sbelt and its indicative significance for the Cenozoic deformation[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(2):558-566,doi:10.6038/cjg20130219.
Meng X H,Zhou H M.1997.Magnetic Study of drill-cores in\sJidong oil field[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),40(6):809-820.
Mu L X,Zhao G L,Tian Z Y,et al.2009.Prediction of Fractures\sin the Reservoirs(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum\sIndustry Press,67-70.
Pan Y X,Zhu R X.1998.The recent progress in magnetic fabrics[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),13(1):52-59.
Pu J,Qin Q R.2008.An overview of fracture prediction methods\sfor oil and gas reservoirs[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs(in\sChinese),15(3):9-13.
Schieber J,Ellwood B B.1993.Determination of basinwide\spaleocurrent patterns in a shale succession from anisotropy of\smagnetic susceptibility(AMS);a case study of the midProterozoic Newland Formation,Montana[J].J.Sediment.Petrol.,63(5):874-880.
Shen Z Y,Fang D J,Ye Y,et al.1998.Remanence anisotropy and\sits application in structural geology[C].//Fourteenth Annual\sof the Chinese Geophysical Society.
Sun W,Li Y F,Fu J W,et al.2014.Review of fracture\sidentification with well logs and seismic data[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
Tan X D,Wang P Y,Jiang L P.1994.Progress in techniques for\sbore hole paleomagnetic research[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),9(3):98-103.
Wei L L,Cheng X,Liu X T,et al.2013.A paleomagnetical\smethod to redirect cracks in cores[J].Chinese Journal of\sGeology(in Chinese),48(4):1286-1294.
Wu H N,Yue L P.1996.Paleomagnetism in the oil and gas\sexploration[A].//Xu W Y,ed.Geomagnetic Air Space\sResearch and Application(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,91-95.
Wu H N,Yue L P.1997.The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility\sof aeolian dust sediment:the paleowind field in Chinese loess\splateau[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica(in Chinese),40(4):487-494.
Wu H N.1988.Magnetic fabric and it supplication to strain analysis[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),(1):94-98.
Xu S,Su Y D,Chen X L,et al.2014.Numerical study on the\scharacteristics of multipole acoustic logging while drilling in\scracked porous medium[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(6):1999-2012,doi:10.6038/cjg20140630.
Yang B Y,Wu H N,Li X S,et al.2002.Paleomagnetic research of\sdrilling cores in Nanniwan oil field[J].Oil&Gas Geology(in\sChinese),23(4):397-401.
Yang Z Y,Moreau M G.1998.Paleomagnetic study of Montcornet\sdrilled core[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),41(5):653-657.
Yu Q F,Zhen M.1992.Magnetic fabric analysis and its Application\sto geology(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Geology Press.
Yue L P,Wang J Q,Di S X,et al.1997.The paleomagnetic\sprinciple and method appliing to orientation of core and cracks in\soil and gas field[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),12(3):71-76.
Zeng L B,Li Z X,Shi C E,et al.2007.Characteristics and origin of\sfractures in the extra low-permeability sandstone reservoirs of\sthe upper Triassic Yanchang formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),81(2):174-180.
Zhang F Q,Song J S,Shen Z Y,et al.2007.A study on fracture\sorientation and characteristic of remnant paleomagnetization of\sdeep-burial volcanic rocks,north of the Songliao Basin[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),50(4):1167-1173.
Zhou Y N.2013.The study of reservoir fractures’spatial\sdistribution and the paleocurrent’s direction in the southwest of\sYanchang Oilfield(in Chinese)[Master thesis].Xi’an:Northwest University,1-64.
Zhu R X,Haung B C,Pan Y X,et al.2003.A brief guide to the\slaboratory of bock magnetism and paleomagnetism at the\sinstitute of geology and geophysics,Chinese academy of sciences[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),18(2):177-181,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2003.02.001.
Zhu X,Xu W.1990.Chinese Sedimentary Basins for Meso-Cenozoic\sBasins(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1990.
邓秀芹,刘新社,惠潇,等.2007.岩心磁组构分析古水流方向的原理与应用[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),37(6):896-900.
高霞,谢庆宾.2007.储层裂缝识别与评价方法新进展[J].地球物理学进展,22(5):1460-1465.Hailwood E A.1994.古地磁岩芯重定向与油气藏砂岩的磁性组构分析[J].石油物探译丛,(6):35-45.
侯守信,田国荣.1999.古地磁岩心定向及其在地应力测量上的应用[J].地质力学学报,5(1):90-96.
李学森,熊国锦.2006.钻井岩心重定向的古地磁方法及其可靠性[J].石油勘探与开发,33(5):581-585.
鲁如魁,张国伟,钟华明,等.2008.阿尔金断裂带西段磁组构特征及其构造意义[J].地球物理学报,51(3):752-761.
梁利平,王海军,程鑫,等.2012.钻井岩心古水流方向确定方法和原理[J].地球物理学进展,1(27):370-375,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.043.
罗良,漆家福,贾东,等.2013.龙门山南段山前天全—乐山剖面磁组构研究及其对新生代构造变形的指示意义[J].地球物理学报,56(2):558-566,doi:10.6038/cjg20130219.
孟小红,周海民.1997.冀东油田钻井岩芯的磁学研究[J].地球物理学报,40(5):809-820.
穆龙新,赵国良,田中元,等.2009.储层裂缝预测研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,67-70.
潘永信,朱日祥.1998.磁组构研究现状[J].地球物理学进展,13(1):52-59.
蒲静,秦启荣.2008.油气储层裂缝预测方法综述[J].特种油气藏,15(3):9-13.
沈忠悦,方大钧,叶瑛,等.1998.岩石非滞后剩磁各向异性及其在构造地质学中的应用[C].//中国地球物理学会第十四届学术年会论文集.
孙炜,李玉凤,付建伟,等.2014.测井及地震裂缝识别研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(3):1231-1242,doi:10.6038/pg20140332.
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