黄土泥岩接触地带界面滑坡的工程防护模型试验研究
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摘要
针对内蒙古黄土泥岩接触地带界面滑坡的工程地质灾害,设计锚杆挡土墙式工程防护比尺模型试验。通过监测界面处、黄土层内不同监测点的孔隙水压力、土压力、坡面标记点位移等数据,总结黄土层内土压力场、渗流场以及坡面位移的变化规律,分析黄土泥岩界面滑移诱因及滑移机制。进而对锚杆挡土墙墙后土压力和墙体位移的变化进行监测,并以锚杆挡土墙墙体位移量来评价工程防护的效果,试验结果表明在经历了2个降雨周期后,锚杆挡土墙墙体平均位移量为5.45 mm,远小于规范中要求的挡土墙失效位移。锚杆挡土墙可以防止黄土层在坡脚处的滑移趋势,抑制黄土层内裂隙的发展,减缓界面处的位移发展,阻止并防护黄土泥岩界面滑坡的出现,是黄土泥岩界面滑坡有效且可靠的工程防护形式。
Loess-mudstone interfacial landslide is one of the most prominent landslide hazards occurred in soil-rock contacting zones. A semi-similar material physical model testing on anchor rod retaining wall was conducted to investigate the sliding mechanism of rainfall induced loess-mudstone interfacial landslides and the feasibility of engineering protection in this paper. The sliding mechanism of interface is analyzed through monitoring the pore water pressure,earth pressure and the displacement of slope surface markers along different sections of inner loess strata and interface between loess and mudstone. The variation of displacement and earth pressure behind anchor rod retaining wall were summarized. The results indicate that the average displacement of anchor rod retaining wall is 5.45 mm after the during two rainfall period,is far less than the specification requirements. This study explores the anchor rod retaining wall can effectively prevent the sliding of slope at the slope toe,restrain the development of cracks within the slope,slow down the development of interface displacement,and prevent the loess-mudstone interface landslide. It also provides the scientific guidance for the engineering prevention from geologic hazards of rainfall induced loess-mudstone interfacial landslide.
Loess-mudstone interfacial landslide is one of the most prominent landslide hazards occurred in soil-rock contacting zones. A semi-similar material physical model testing on anchor rod retaining wall was conducted to investigate the sliding mechanism of rainfall induced loess-mudstone interfacial landslides and the feasibility of engineering protection in this paper. The sliding mechanism of interface is analyzed through monitoring the pore water pressure,earth pressure and the displacement of slope surface markers along different sections of inner loess strata and interface between loess and mudstone. The variation of displacement and earth pressure behind anchor rod retaining wall were summarized. The results indicate that the average displacement of anchor rod retaining wall is 5.45 mm after the during two rainfall period,is far less than the specification requirements. This study explores the anchor rod retaining wall can effectively prevent the sliding of slope at the slope toe,restrain the development of cracks within the slope,slow down the development of interface displacement,and prevent the loess-mudstone interface landslide. It also provides the scientific guidance for the engineering prevention from geologic hazards of rainfall induced loess-mudstone interfacial landslide.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国土资源部.全国地质灾害通报[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(People?s of China Ministry of Land Resource.National geological disaster bulletin[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(in Chinese))
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[5]辛鹏,吴树仁,石菊松,等.簸箕山大型老滑坡滑动带的结构特征及形成机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1 382–1 391.(XIN Peng,WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,et al.Structural characteristics of soft-rock slip zone and experimental study of its formation mechanism in Boji mountain large-scale old landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1 382–1 391.(in Chinese))
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[8]郑程波.内蒙古自治区黄土泥岩接触面滑移的数值模拟[硕士学位论文][D].呼和浩特:内蒙古工业大学,2013.(ZHENG Chenbo.The numerical simulation of sliding about contact surface between loess and mudstone in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region[M.S.Thesis][D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]罗先启.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2008:1–30.(LUO Xianqi.Landslide model test theory and its applications[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008:1–30.(in Chinese))
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[11]顾大钊.相似材料和相似模型[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995:6–30.(GU Dazhao.Creep similar model and creep equivalent material[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1995:6–30.(in Chinese))
[12]YOICHI O,HIKARU K,HIROTAKA O,et al.Landslide fluidization process by flume experiments[J].Engineering Geology,2002,66(1/2):65–78.
[13]TAKE W A,BOLTON M D,WONG P C P,et al.Evaluation of landslide triggering mechanisms in model fill slopes[J].Landslides,2004,1(3):173–184.
[14]LOURENCO S D N,KYOJI S,HIROSHI F.Failure process and hydrologic response of a two layer physical model:implications for rainfall-induced landslides[J].Geomorphology,2006,73(1/2):115–130.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50330—2013建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50330—2013 Building slope engineering technical specifications[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[16]内蒙古气象信息中心.内蒙古气象资料[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(Inner Mongolia Meteorological Information Center.Inner Mongolia meteorological data[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(in Chinese))
[17]戚国庆.降雨诱发滑坡机理及其评价方法研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2004.(QI Guoqi.Study on the mechanics of rainfall-induced landslide and its evaluating method[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[18]薛燕妮,徐向舟,王冉冉,等.人工模拟降雨的能量相似及其实现[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,12(6):102–105.(XUE Yanni,XU Xiangzhou,WANG Ranran,et al.Principle and method to simulate rainfall with the similar kinetic energy[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,12(6):102–105.(in Chinese))
[2]徐张建,林在贯.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(XU Zhangjian,LIN Zaiguan.Loess in China and loess landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1 297–1 312.(in Chinese))
[3]吴玮江,宿星,刘伟,等.黄土–泥岩接触面滑坡的特征与成因[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1 168–1 175.(WU Weijiang,SU Xing,LIU Wei,et al.Loess-mudstone interface landslides:Characteristics and causes[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1 168–1 175.(in Chinese))
[4]吴玮江,王念秦.黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2002,13(2):36–40.(WU Weijiang,WANG Nianqin,Basic types and active features of loess landslide[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2002,13(2):36–40.(in Chinese))
[5]辛鹏,吴树仁,石菊松,等.簸箕山大型老滑坡滑动带的结构特征及形成机制试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(7):1 382–1 391.(XIN Peng,WU Shuren,SHI Jusong,et al.Structural characteristics of soft-rock slip zone and experimental study of its formation mechanism in Boji mountain large-scale old landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(7):1 382–1 391.(in Chinese))
[6]张明,胡瑞林,殷跃平,等.川东缓倾红层中降雨诱发型滑坡机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(2):3 783–3 790.(ZHANG Ming,HU Ruilin,YIN Yueping,et al.Study of mechanism of landslide induced by rainfall in gently inclined red stratum in east sichuan basin[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(2):3 783–3 790.(in Chinese))
[7]张玉,徐卫亚,李德亮.大型滑坡演化机制及滑带剪切特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增1):2 606–2 616.(ZHANG Yu,XU Weiya,LI Deliang.Experimental study of evolution mechanism and shear characteristics of slip zone of large-scale landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.1):2 606–2 616.(in Chinese))
[8]郑程波.内蒙古自治区黄土泥岩接触面滑移的数值模拟[硕士学位论文][D].呼和浩特:内蒙古工业大学,2013.(ZHENG Chenbo.The numerical simulation of sliding about contact surface between loess and mudstone in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region[M.S.Thesis][D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese))
[9]罗先启.滑坡模型试验理论及其应用[M].北京:水利水电出版社,2008:1–30.(LUO Xianqi.Landslide model test theory and its applications[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2008:1–30.(in Chinese))
[10]刘传成.内蒙古黄土泥岩地带界面滑坡的室内模型试验研究[硕士学位论文][D].呼和浩特:内蒙古工业大学,2014.(LIU Chuancheng.Indoor model experiment on interfacial landslide about loessmudstone area in Inner Mongolia[M.S.Thesis][D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese))
[11]顾大钊.相似材料和相似模型[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995:6–30.(GU Dazhao.Creep similar model and creep equivalent material[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1995:6–30.(in Chinese))
[12]YOICHI O,HIKARU K,HIROTAKA O,et al.Landslide fluidization process by flume experiments[J].Engineering Geology,2002,66(1/2):65–78.
[13]TAKE W A,BOLTON M D,WONG P C P,et al.Evaluation of landslide triggering mechanisms in model fill slopes[J].Landslides,2004,1(3):173–184.
[14]LOURENCO S D N,KYOJI S,HIROSHI F.Failure process and hydrologic response of a two layer physical model:implications for rainfall-induced landslides[J].Geomorphology,2006,73(1/2):115–130.
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50330—2013建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People?s Republic of China.GB50330—2013 Building slope engineering technical specifications[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2013.(in Chinese))
[16]内蒙古气象信息中心.内蒙古气象资料[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(Inner Mongolia Meteorological Information Center.Inner Mongolia meteorological data[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010.(in Chinese))
[17]戚国庆.降雨诱发滑坡机理及其评价方法研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2004.(QI Guoqi.Study on the mechanics of rainfall-induced landslide and its evaluating method[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[18]薛燕妮,徐向舟,王冉冉,等.人工模拟降雨的能量相似及其实现[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,12(6):102–105.(XUE Yanni,XU Xiangzhou,WANG Ranran,et al.Principle and method to simulate rainfall with the similar kinetic energy[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,12(6):102–105.(in Chinese))