黄土–风化岩接触面斜坡滑移面衍生机制及变形特征
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摘要
以甘肃天水海头村黄土–风化岩接触面型斜坡为研究对象,基于振动台模型试验研究不同地震动强度条件下斜坡坡面变形破坏特征。分析裂隙产生、坡面剥落、坡体崩塌滑动3个阶段竖向裂隙的发展过程。结合土体应变测试结果,揭示该类斜坡失稳机制及滑移面衍生规律。研究结果表明:相同烈度地震动强度荷载作用下,垂直向加载对模型产生的影响小于水平向加载。地震荷载作用下,土体垂直向易产生纵向裂隙,水平向易产生横向裂隙。竖向裂隙是坡表土体破碎的主要原因,横向裂隙发展是导致斜坡失稳的主要内驱。顶部土体在地震荷载作用下发生张拉和剪切的复合破坏,导致坡表横向裂隙向下延伸至黄土–风化岩接触面并形成该类斜坡失稳破坏的滑移面。
Based on the shaking table model test,the characteristics of deformation and failure of the slope under different ground motion intensity are studied in the loess-weathered rock contact surface slopes in Haitou Village,Tianshui,Gansu Province. Furthermore,the development of vertical cracks during the period of crack generation,surface peeling and slop slide were analyzed. Combined with the results of soil strain test,the mechanism of the slope instability and the derivation of the slip surface are revealed. The results show that the influence of vertical loading on the model is less than that of horizontal under the same seismic intensity. The vertical direction of soil is easily to induce vertical crack while the horizontal is more intend to induce transverse crack. Moreover,vertical crack is the main cause of surface friability,but transverse crack is the main driving force of slope instability. At the top of the slope,the composite failure of tension and shear occurs under the action of seismic load,which leads to the downward transition of the transverse surface of the slope to the contact surface of the loess-weathered rock,forming the slip surface of the slope failure.
Based on the shaking table model test,the characteristics of deformation and failure of the slope under different ground motion intensity are studied in the loess-weathered rock contact surface slopes in Haitou Village,Tianshui,Gansu Province. Furthermore,the development of vertical cracks during the period of crack generation,surface peeling and slop slide were analyzed. Combined with the results of soil strain test,the mechanism of the slope instability and the derivation of the slip surface are revealed. The results show that the influence of vertical loading on the model is less than that of horizontal under the same seismic intensity. The vertical direction of soil is easily to induce vertical crack while the horizontal is more intend to induce transverse crack. Moreover,vertical crack is the main cause of surface friability,but transverse crack is the main driving force of slope instability. At the top of the slope,the composite failure of tension and shear occurs under the action of seismic load,which leads to the downward transition of the transverse surface of the slope to the contact surface of the loess-weathered rock,forming the slip surface of the slope failure.
引文
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[15]乌力吉那顺,李驰,姚德,等.黄土泥岩接触面滑坡工程防护的数值模拟[J].内蒙古工业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,(2):148-152.(WU Lijinashun,LI Chi,YAO De,et al.Numerical simulation on engineering protection measures for loess mudstone interface landslide[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2014,(2):148-152.(in Chinese))
[16]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心.甘肃礼县地震地质灾害调查评价工作报告[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.(Xi?an Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey.Earthquake geological hazard investigation and evaluation report of Li Country of Gansu Province[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.(in Chinese))
[2]王谦,王峻,钟秀梅,等.黄土高原河谷城市潜在地震液化特征及灾害预测[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(增1):301-306.(WANGQian,WANG Jun,ZHONG Xiumei,et al.Soil liquefaction characteristics and disaster prediction of the valley cities in the Loess Plateau[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(Supp.1):301-306.(in Chinese))
[3]王平,王峻,柴少峰,等.黄土动抗剪强度区域特征研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(5):69-73.(WANG Ping,WANG Jun,CHAI Shaofeng,et al.Study on dynamic strength regional characteristics of percentile(Q3)loess[J].Journal of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2013,40(5):69-73.(in Chinese))
[4]吴玮江,王念秦.甘肃滑坡灾害[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2006:36-65.(WU Weijiang,WANG Nianqin.Gansu landslide disaster[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,2006:36-65.(in Chinese))
[5]郑颖人,叶海林,黄润秋.地震边坡破坏机制及其破裂面的分析探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 714-1 723.(ZHENGYingren,YE Hailin,HUANG Runqiu.Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 714-1 723.(in Chinese))
[6]许领,戴福初,闵弘.黄土滑坡研究现状与设想[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(3):236-242.(XU Lin,DAI Chufu,MING Hong.Research progress and some thoughts on loess landslides[J].Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(3):236-242.(in Chinese))
[7]WEN B P,WANG S J,WANG E Z,et al.Deformation characteristics of loess landslide along the contact between loess and neocene red mudstone[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,(5):139-151.
[8]吴玮江,宿星,刘伟,等.黄土-泥岩接触面滑坡的特征与成因[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1 167-1 175.(WU Weijiang,SUXing,LIU Wei,et al.Loess-mudstone interface landslides:Characteristics and causes[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1 167-1 175.(in Chinese))
[9]石瑞红.黄土-红层接触面滑坡形成演化机制[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.(SHI Ruihong.Formation and Evolution Mechanism of the Loess-Red-beds interface landslide[M.S.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.(in Chinese))
[10]WANG P,WU Z J,WANG J,et al.Experimental study on mechanical properties of weathered rock which covered by loess level[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University:Science,2013,18(6):719-723.
[11]龙建辉,李同录,雷晓锋,等.黄土滑坡滑带土的物理特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(2):289-294.(LONG Jianhui,LI Tonglu,LEI Xiaofeng,et al.Study on physical properties of soil in sliding zone of loess landslip[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(2):289-294.(in Chinese))
[12]郑志勇.黄土滑坡的形成机制[J].西安科技大学学报,2008,28(4):694-697.(ZHENG Zhiyong.Analysis on the formative mechanism of the loess landslides in Tongchuan[J].Journal of Xi?an University of Science and Technology,2008,28(4):694-697.(in Chinese))
[13]雷超.黄土-泥岩型滑坡形成机制数值模拟研究[硕士学位论文][D].西安:长安大学,2014.(LEI Chao.Research on the formation of Loess-mudstone landslide numerical simulation[M.S.Thesis][D].Xi?an:Chang?an University,2014.(in Chinese))
[14]赵文琛.强震作用下黄土斜坡动力响应特征与稳定性分析[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:中国地震局兰州地震研究所,2016.(ZHAOWenchen.Dynamic response characteristics and stability analysis of loess slope under strong earthquake[M.S.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:China Earthquake Administration Lanzhou Institute of Seismology,2016.(in Chinese))
[15]乌力吉那顺,李驰,姚德,等.黄土泥岩接触面滑坡工程防护的数值模拟[J].内蒙古工业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,(2):148-152.(WU Lijinashun,LI Chi,YAO De,et al.Numerical simulation on engineering protection measures for loess mudstone interface landslide[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2014,(2):148-152.(in Chinese))
[16]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心.甘肃礼县地震地质灾害调查评价工作报告[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.(Xi?an Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey.Earthquake geological hazard investigation and evaluation report of Li Country of Gansu Province[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],2016.(in Chinese))