漓江流域水土流失特征及其侵蚀影响因子典型分析
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摘要
选择漓江流域及其典型岩溶小流域为研究对象,通过遥感数据综合分析和地面路线验证调查与定点监测相结合的方法,对漓江流域岩溶区和非岩溶区的水土流失特征进行了研究,并重点分析岩溶区内典型小流域——寨底小流域侵蚀影响因子对水土流失的影响。研究结果表明:漓江流域水土流失以中度和轻度等级为主,约占流域面积的29.9%;流域内岩溶区与非岩溶区的水土流失表现出一定的差异性,岩溶区以中度、极强烈和轻度等级水土流失为主,水土流失面积约占岩溶面积的53%;非岩溶区中度和轻度等级水土流失分别占非岩溶区面积的12.4%和10.4%。高程、坡度、植被覆盖、土地利用等因子对岩溶小流域土壤侵蚀面积和侵蚀量比例的影响表现出明显的差异性和独特性,这四种影响因子中的高程(300,500]m,坡度[15°,25°]、植被覆盖度≤20%、土地利用为工矿用地等对岩溶小流域土壤侵蚀的影响最大,是寨底岩溶小流域水土流失治理中应重点考虑的因素。
The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of soil erosion in the Lijiang River Basin and the relationship between soil erosion and impact factors in the Zhaidi karst underground river watershed.The distribution feature of soil and water loss on a medium scale in the Lijiang River Basin and the influencing factors of soil erosion on a large scale are analyzed based on remote sensing interpretations and field investigations.Research reveals that the soil erosion in the basin is dominated by moderate and medium degrees,which account for 29.9% of the total drainage area.There are obvious differences in soil and water loss between karst area and non-karst areas in the basin,where soil and water losses in the karst area are moderate,extremely strong and medium,accounting for 53% of the entire karst area;while moderate and medium soil erosion in the non karst area accounts for 12.4% and 10.4% of the total non-karst area respectively.The Zhaidi karst underground river is located in the southeast of Guilin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,which belongs to the Caotian river,a tributary of the Lijiang River.The relationships between the soil erosion amount,soil erosion area,influencing factors including elevation,slope,vegetation coverages and land utilization are also analyzed.The results show that the 300-500 m elevations,15-25 degree slopes,less than 20% vegetation coverage and industrial and mining lands pose the largest influences on soil erosion in the karst small watersheds.
The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of soil erosion in the Lijiang River Basin and the relationship between soil erosion and impact factors in the Zhaidi karst underground river watershed.The distribution feature of soil and water loss on a medium scale in the Lijiang River Basin and the influencing factors of soil erosion on a large scale are analyzed based on remote sensing interpretations and field investigations.Research reveals that the soil erosion in the basin is dominated by moderate and medium degrees,which account for 29.9% of the total drainage area.There are obvious differences in soil and water loss between karst area and non-karst areas in the basin,where soil and water losses in the karst area are moderate,extremely strong and medium,accounting for 53% of the entire karst area;while moderate and medium soil erosion in the non karst area accounts for 12.4% and 10.4% of the total non-karst area respectively.The Zhaidi karst underground river is located in the southeast of Guilin,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,which belongs to the Caotian river,a tributary of the Lijiang River.The relationships between the soil erosion amount,soil erosion area,influencing factors including elevation,slope,vegetation coverages and land utilization are also analyzed.The results show that the 300-500 m elevations,15-25 degree slopes,less than 20% vegetation coverage and industrial and mining lands pose the largest influences on soil erosion in the karst small watersheds.
引文
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[18]李渊,刘子琦,吕小溪,等.贵州石漠化地区地下漏失水土理化性质特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):111-117.
[19]刘金荣,冯红,俞秀兰,等.历史上漓江(桂江)水系名称的变化浅议[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(1):77-83.
[20]缪钟灵.漓江发育演化及与相邻流域关系[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(4):385-391.
[21]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,罗为群,等.漓江含沙量预测及侵蚀坡面径流调控模式研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(11):101-105.
[22]成官文,王敦球.漓江水问题及其防治对策[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(4):351-357.
[23]刘朋雨,许丹丹,覃小群.桂林寨底地下河水化学特征及离子来源分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(2):234-241.
[24]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,谢运球,等.漓江含沙量特征及其对降雨响应的预测[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(9):8-11.
[25]何愿,张颖,朱明.桂江流域地下水污染途径及防控措施研究[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(4):387-394.
[26]杨成英,吴虹.桂林毛村岩溶地下河流域水土流失遥感动态监测研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):206-211.
[27]谢运球,玉宏,裴建国,等.桂林寨底地下河农业系统氮流失估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):1979-1984.
[28]罗书文,邓亚东,覃星铭,等.漓江最枯径流量演变分析[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):64-67.
[29]李先琨,吕仕洪,黄玉清,等.漓江流域红壤侵蚀区植被演替与复合农林试验[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):140-148.
[30]易连兴,夏日元,王喆,等.岩溶峰丛洼地区降水入渗系数:以寨底岩溶地下河流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):512-517.
[31]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
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[33]王魁.典型岩溶小流域水土流失监测体系研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[34]蔡德所,王魁,张永祥,等.典型岩溶区小流域土壤流失量估算研究:以桂林寨底地下河流域为例[J].中国水土保持,2012(3):21-24.
[2]Deffrsha M B,Quraishi S,Melesse A,et al.The effect of slope steepness and antecedent moisture content on interrill erosion,runoff and sediment size distribution in the highlands of Ethiopia[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2011,15(7):2367-2375.
[3]蒋忠诚,罗为群,童立强,等.21世纪西南岩溶石漠化演变特点及影响因素[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):461-468.
[4]Kheir R B,Abdallah C,Khawlie M.Assessing soil erosion in mediterranean karst landscapes of lebanon using remote sensing and GIS[J].Engineering Geology,2008,99(3):239-254.
[5]Jiang Z C,Lian Y Q,Qin X Q.Rocky desertification in Southwest China:Impacts,causes,and restoration[J].Earth Science Reviews,2014,132(3):1-12.
[6]王宇,张华,张贵,等.云南省石漠化调查及治理综述[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):486-496.
[7]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,何丙辉,等.南洞流域东部重点区的石漠化现状及治理对策分析[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(4):456-463.
[8]Bouraoui F,Dillaha T A.ANSWERS-2000:Runoff and Sediment Transport Model[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Asce,2014,122(6):493-502.
[9]Lobo G P,Bonilla C A.Effect of temporal resolution on rainfall erosivity estimates in zones ofprecipitation caused by frontal systems[J].Catena,2015,135:202-207.
[10]蒋忠诚,罗为群,邓艳,等.岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失及防治研究[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):535-542.
[11]颜萍,熊康宁,王恒松,等.喀斯特地区水土流失与水土保持研究进展[J].中国水土保持,2016(1):54-59.
[12]彭旭东,戴全厚,李昌兰.中国西南喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失过程与机理研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):1-8.
[13]尹辉,蒋忠诚,罗为群,等.西南岩溶区水土流失与石漠化动态评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):66-70.
[14]张信宝,王世杰,贺秀斌,等.碳酸盐岩风化壳中的土壤蠕滑与岩溶坡地的土壤地下漏失[J].地球与环境,2007,35(3):202-206.
[15]曹建华,鲁胜力,杨德生,等.西南岩溶区水土流失过程及防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学科学,2011,9(2):52-56.
[16]蒋忠诚,曹建华,杨德生,等.西南岩溶石漠化区水土流失现状与综合防治对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):37-42.
[17]罗为群,蒋忠诚,韩清延,等.岩溶峰丛洼地不同地貌部位土壤分布及其侵蚀特点[J].中国水土保持,2008(12):46-49.
[18]李渊,刘子琦,吕小溪,等.贵州石漠化地区地下漏失水土理化性质特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):111-117.
[19]刘金荣,冯红,俞秀兰,等.历史上漓江(桂江)水系名称的变化浅议[J].中国岩溶,2003,22(1):77-83.
[20]缪钟灵.漓江发育演化及与相邻流域关系[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(4):385-391.
[21]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,罗为群,等.漓江含沙量预测及侵蚀坡面径流调控模式研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(11):101-105.
[22]成官文,王敦球.漓江水问题及其防治对策[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(4):351-357.
[23]刘朋雨,许丹丹,覃小群.桂林寨底地下河水化学特征及离子来源分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(2):234-241.
[24]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,谢运球,等.漓江含沙量特征及其对降雨响应的预测[J].水电能源科学,2015,33(9):8-11.
[25]何愿,张颖,朱明.桂江流域地下水污染途径及防控措施研究[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(4):387-394.
[26]杨成英,吴虹.桂林毛村岩溶地下河流域水土流失遥感动态监测研究[J].中国岩溶,2009,28(2):206-211.
[27]谢运球,玉宏,裴建国,等.桂林寨底地下河农业系统氮流失估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(10):1979-1984.
[28]罗书文,邓亚东,覃星铭,等.漓江最枯径流量演变分析[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(6):64-67.
[29]李先琨,吕仕洪,黄玉清,等.漓江流域红壤侵蚀区植被演替与复合农林试验[J].生态环境,2007,16(1):140-148.
[30]易连兴,夏日元,王喆,等.岩溶峰丛洼地区降水入渗系数:以寨底岩溶地下河流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):512-517.
[31]中华人民共和国水利部.SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[32]中华人民共和国水利部.SL 461-2009岩溶地区水土流失综合治理技术标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[33]王魁.典型岩溶小流域水土流失监测体系研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[34]蔡德所,王魁,张永祥,等.典型岩溶区小流域土壤流失量估算研究:以桂林寨底地下河流域为例[J].中国水土保持,2012(3):21-24.