综合勘察技术在天开水库渗漏分析中的应用
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摘要
采用地质测绘、地质钻探、综合地球物理探测和水文地质试验的综合勘察技术对北京天开水库渗漏进行了分析评价。查明了古河道位置及空间特征、坝基基底地层结构特征、库区基岩的溶蚀裂隙发育程度及构造带产状、库区集中渗漏点和渗漏区。综合分析认为:库区内现代河道及附近覆盖层受蓄水后的潜蚀破坏,形成了一定漏水通道;副坝古河道内分布的卵砾石层也形成了水库渗漏通道;库区基岩层的渗漏区和集中渗漏点为水库渗漏的主要通道,呈北西—南东向贯穿整个库区并向库外延伸,其他小部分的渗漏可能是库水经岩溶裂隙向库区更深部的渗漏。研究成果可以为天开水库后续防渗工作和工程建设服务,同时提出的分析方法可以为其他水库勘察提供一定的借鉴与参考,也为综合技术在岩溶地区勘察的广泛应用起到推广作用。
The leakage of Beijing Tiankai reservoir has been analyzed and appraised using the comprehensive survey technology of geological surveying and mapping,geological drilling,integrated geophysical and hydrogeological tests. The location and spatial characteristics of the ancient river course,the structural characteristics of the basement of the dam foundation,the development of the dissolution fissures of the basement rock in the reservoir area,the occurrence of tectonic belts,the concentrated leakage and leakage areas in the reservoir area have be identified. The comprehensive analysis shows that the overburden of the modern river courses in the reservoir area are damaged by the potential erosion after water storage,forming a certain water leakage channel. The pebble layer of the ancient channel in the secondary dam also forms the leakage channel of the reservoir. The leakage zones and central leakage points of bedrock layer of reservoir area are the main leakage channel of the reservoir,which runs north-west to south-east through the reservoir area and extends to the outside of the reservoir. The leakage of other small part may be caused by reservoir water going deeper into the reservoir area through karst fracture. The research results can serve for the follow-up seepage control and engineering construction of Tiankai Reservoir. At the same time,the analysis methods proposed can provide some reference for other reservoir surveys. It also plays a good role in promoting for the wide range of applications of comprehensive technology in karst area survey.
The leakage of Beijing Tiankai reservoir has been analyzed and appraised using the comprehensive survey technology of geological surveying and mapping,geological drilling,integrated geophysical and hydrogeological tests. The location and spatial characteristics of the ancient river course,the structural characteristics of the basement of the dam foundation,the development of the dissolution fissures of the basement rock in the reservoir area,the occurrence of tectonic belts,the concentrated leakage and leakage areas in the reservoir area have be identified. The comprehensive analysis shows that the overburden of the modern river courses in the reservoir area are damaged by the potential erosion after water storage,forming a certain water leakage channel. The pebble layer of the ancient channel in the secondary dam also forms the leakage channel of the reservoir. The leakage zones and central leakage points of bedrock layer of reservoir area are the main leakage channel of the reservoir,which runs north-west to south-east through the reservoir area and extends to the outside of the reservoir. The leakage of other small part may be caused by reservoir water going deeper into the reservoir area through karst fracture. The research results can serve for the follow-up seepage control and engineering construction of Tiankai Reservoir. At the same time,the analysis methods proposed can provide some reference for other reservoir surveys. It also plays a good role in promoting for the wide range of applications of comprehensive technology in karst area survey.
引文
1王家骏.三江口坝基(覆盖型)岩溶工程地质勘察研究的方法.中国岩溶,1998;8(4):300-310Wang Jiajun.Methods for engineering geologic exploration study on covered karst at Sanjinagkou dam foundation site.Carsologica Sinica,1998;8(4):300-310
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3黄理兴,王武林,张杰.采用综合物探技术勘察岩溶分布的试验研究.岩土力学,1990;11(3):56-61Huang Lixing,Wang Wulin,Zhang Jie.Testing study of karst distribution with comprehensive geophysical-exploration methods.Rock and Soil Mechancis,1990;11(3):56-61
4李张明.直流电阻率法在岩溶探测中的应用.地球物理学发展,1994;9(3):104-116Li Zhangming.The application of D.C.vesistivity method inexploring karst.Progress in Geophysics,1994;9(3):104-116
5吕晓俭,李宇.北京市通州区龙旺庄隐伏灰岩水源地勘查与评价研究.水文地质工程地质,1999;(2):17-20Lv Xiaojian,Li Yu.Exploration and evaluation research of buried krast groundwater source in Longwangzhuang in Tongzhou Beijing.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1999;(2):17-20
6李成香,王建军,唐诗群,等.应用综合物探方法探测隐伏岩溶漏斗.工程勘察,2008;36(3):49-51Li Chengxiang,Wang Jianjun,Tang Shiqun,et al.Concealed karst funnel exploration using integrated geophysical surver.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2008;36(3):49-51
7李树琼,蒋丛林,马志斌.高密度电法在岩溶地区勘查中的应用.矿物学报,2013;33(4):540-544Li Shuqiong,Jiang Conglin,Ma Zhibin.Application of hgh-density resistivity method in karst area exploration.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2013;33(4):540-544
8程亚平,蒋灵芝,黎柳月,等.综合物探技术探测平果铝厂赤泥堆场岩溶发育特征.中国岩溶,2016;35(6):688-698Cheng Yaping,Jiang Lingzhi,Li Liuyue,et al.The application of integrated geophysical method to karst pipeline distribution.Carsologica Sinica,2016;35(6):688-698
9谭远发.长大深埋隧道工程地质综合勘察技术应用研究.铁道工程学报,2012;29(4):24-31Tan Yuanfa.Applicable research on comprehensive survey technology of engineering geology for large deeply-buried tunnel.Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012;29(4):24-31
10林万顺,张琦伟,汪德云,等.物探技术在南水北调下穿北京五棵松地铁工程中的试验研究.工程勘察,2011;39(3):86-91Lin Wanshun,Zhang Qiwei,Wang Deyun,et al.Testing study of geophysical prospecting for underpass project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project to Beijing Wukesong subway.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2011;39(3):86-91
11郑灿堂.应用自然电场法检测土坝渗漏隐患的技术.地球物理学进展,2005;20(3):854-858Zheng Cantang.The technique to detect the leakage of dam by applying the spontaneous electric field.Progress in Geophysics,2005;20(3):854-858
12郑智杰,张伟,曾洁,等.综合物探方法在碳质灰岩库区岩溶渗漏带调查中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2009;6(5):612-615Zheng Zhijie,Zhang Wei,Zeng Jie,et al.Application research of integrated geophysical methods to karst seepage investigation in carbonaceous limestone reservoir area.Progress in Geophysics,2009;6(5):612-615
13梁竞,韦启锋,洪卷,等.自然电场法在岩溶地区找水打井中的应用.工程勘察,2016;44(2):68-78Liang Jing,Wei Qifeng,Hong Juan,et al.Application of self-potential method to explore water in karst area.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2016;44(2):68-78
14杨良权,李波,彭涛,等.综合物探技术在园博园湿地垃圾坑勘察中的应用.工程勘察,2013;41(2):88-95Yang Liangquan,Li Bo,Peng Tao,et al.Application of integrated geophysical exploration on detecting garbage pit in the park expo garden wetland.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2013;41(2):88-95
15肖昆,邹长春,尚景涛,等.南岭多金属矿集区科学钻探孔成像测井技术应用.科学技术与工程,2018;18(2):72-78Xiao Kun,Zou Changchun,Shang Jingtao,et al.Application of ultrasonic imaging log technology of scientific drilling boreholes in Nanling district.Science Technology and Engineering,2018;18(2):72-78
16郭轲轶.声波测试技术在煤矿采空区注浆质量检测中的应用.煤炭技术,2014;33(11):303-305Guo Keyi.Application of acoustic testing technique on grouting quality detection in old coal mining area.Coal Technology,2014;33(11):303-305
17王德福,于景良,孙鼎俊.侧视式孔内电视主要技术指标标定.天津大学学报,1999;32(2):256-260Wang Defu,Yu Jingliang,Sun Dingjun.Research on several technical specifications definition of side way look borehole TV.Journal of Tianjin University,1999;32(2):256-260
18杨良权,李波,高焕芝,等.综合物探技术在大宁调蓄水库防渗墙检测中的应用.科学技术与工程,2012;12(15):3657-3661Yang Liangquan,Li Bo,Gao Huanzhi,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical exploration technique to the detection of Daning storage reservoir seepage prevention wall.Science Technology and Engineering,2012;12(15):3657-3661
19李金轩,余修日.低渗透裂隙岩体压水试验资料分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004;23(9):1476-1480Li Jinxuan,Yu Xiuri.Analysis of constant-pressure well test data for low-permeability fractured rock mass.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004;23(9):1476-1480
20袁东,张奇华.基于压水试验的均质含水层渗透系数计算方法.长江科学院院报,2014;31(8):77-81Yuan Dong,Zhang Qihua.Method of calculating permeability coefficient using water pressure test in homogeneous aquifer.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014;31(8):77-81
21易连兴,张之淦,胡大可,等.三元连通试验在岩溶渗漏研究中的应用.水文地质工程地质,2006;(6):18-20Yi Lianxing,Zhang Zhigan,Hu Dake,et al.Application of threeelement tracers to the study of karst seepage.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006;(6):18-20
22聂艳华,段文刚,树锦.示踪法定量分析水流连通问题.长江科学院院报,2013;30(2):16-19Nie Yanhua,Duan Wengang,Shu Jin.Quantitative analysis of flow connectivity by tracing method.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013;30(2):16-19
2肖万春.水库岩溶渗漏勘察技术要点与方法研究.水力发电,2008;34(7):52-55Xiao Wanchun.Keystones and methods study of karst reservoir leakage investigation.Water Power,2008;34(7):52-55
3黄理兴,王武林,张杰.采用综合物探技术勘察岩溶分布的试验研究.岩土力学,1990;11(3):56-61Huang Lixing,Wang Wulin,Zhang Jie.Testing study of karst distribution with comprehensive geophysical-exploration methods.Rock and Soil Mechancis,1990;11(3):56-61
4李张明.直流电阻率法在岩溶探测中的应用.地球物理学发展,1994;9(3):104-116Li Zhangming.The application of D.C.vesistivity method inexploring karst.Progress in Geophysics,1994;9(3):104-116
5吕晓俭,李宇.北京市通州区龙旺庄隐伏灰岩水源地勘查与评价研究.水文地质工程地质,1999;(2):17-20Lv Xiaojian,Li Yu.Exploration and evaluation research of buried krast groundwater source in Longwangzhuang in Tongzhou Beijing.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1999;(2):17-20
6李成香,王建军,唐诗群,等.应用综合物探方法探测隐伏岩溶漏斗.工程勘察,2008;36(3):49-51Li Chengxiang,Wang Jianjun,Tang Shiqun,et al.Concealed karst funnel exploration using integrated geophysical surver.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2008;36(3):49-51
7李树琼,蒋丛林,马志斌.高密度电法在岩溶地区勘查中的应用.矿物学报,2013;33(4):540-544Li Shuqiong,Jiang Conglin,Ma Zhibin.Application of hgh-density resistivity method in karst area exploration.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2013;33(4):540-544
8程亚平,蒋灵芝,黎柳月,等.综合物探技术探测平果铝厂赤泥堆场岩溶发育特征.中国岩溶,2016;35(6):688-698Cheng Yaping,Jiang Lingzhi,Li Liuyue,et al.The application of integrated geophysical method to karst pipeline distribution.Carsologica Sinica,2016;35(6):688-698
9谭远发.长大深埋隧道工程地质综合勘察技术应用研究.铁道工程学报,2012;29(4):24-31Tan Yuanfa.Applicable research on comprehensive survey technology of engineering geology for large deeply-buried tunnel.Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012;29(4):24-31
10林万顺,张琦伟,汪德云,等.物探技术在南水北调下穿北京五棵松地铁工程中的试验研究.工程勘察,2011;39(3):86-91Lin Wanshun,Zhang Qiwei,Wang Deyun,et al.Testing study of geophysical prospecting for underpass project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project to Beijing Wukesong subway.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2011;39(3):86-91
11郑灿堂.应用自然电场法检测土坝渗漏隐患的技术.地球物理学进展,2005;20(3):854-858Zheng Cantang.The technique to detect the leakage of dam by applying the spontaneous electric field.Progress in Geophysics,2005;20(3):854-858
12郑智杰,张伟,曾洁,等.综合物探方法在碳质灰岩库区岩溶渗漏带调查中的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2009;6(5):612-615Zheng Zhijie,Zhang Wei,Zeng Jie,et al.Application research of integrated geophysical methods to karst seepage investigation in carbonaceous limestone reservoir area.Progress in Geophysics,2009;6(5):612-615
13梁竞,韦启锋,洪卷,等.自然电场法在岩溶地区找水打井中的应用.工程勘察,2016;44(2):68-78Liang Jing,Wei Qifeng,Hong Juan,et al.Application of self-potential method to explore water in karst area.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2016;44(2):68-78
14杨良权,李波,彭涛,等.综合物探技术在园博园湿地垃圾坑勘察中的应用.工程勘察,2013;41(2):88-95Yang Liangquan,Li Bo,Peng Tao,et al.Application of integrated geophysical exploration on detecting garbage pit in the park expo garden wetland.Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2013;41(2):88-95
15肖昆,邹长春,尚景涛,等.南岭多金属矿集区科学钻探孔成像测井技术应用.科学技术与工程,2018;18(2):72-78Xiao Kun,Zou Changchun,Shang Jingtao,et al.Application of ultrasonic imaging log technology of scientific drilling boreholes in Nanling district.Science Technology and Engineering,2018;18(2):72-78
16郭轲轶.声波测试技术在煤矿采空区注浆质量检测中的应用.煤炭技术,2014;33(11):303-305Guo Keyi.Application of acoustic testing technique on grouting quality detection in old coal mining area.Coal Technology,2014;33(11):303-305
17王德福,于景良,孙鼎俊.侧视式孔内电视主要技术指标标定.天津大学学报,1999;32(2):256-260Wang Defu,Yu Jingliang,Sun Dingjun.Research on several technical specifications definition of side way look borehole TV.Journal of Tianjin University,1999;32(2):256-260
18杨良权,李波,高焕芝,等.综合物探技术在大宁调蓄水库防渗墙检测中的应用.科学技术与工程,2012;12(15):3657-3661Yang Liangquan,Li Bo,Gao Huanzhi,et al.Application of comprehensive geophysical exploration technique to the detection of Daning storage reservoir seepage prevention wall.Science Technology and Engineering,2012;12(15):3657-3661
19李金轩,余修日.低渗透裂隙岩体压水试验资料分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2004;23(9):1476-1480Li Jinxuan,Yu Xiuri.Analysis of constant-pressure well test data for low-permeability fractured rock mass.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004;23(9):1476-1480
20袁东,张奇华.基于压水试验的均质含水层渗透系数计算方法.长江科学院院报,2014;31(8):77-81Yuan Dong,Zhang Qihua.Method of calculating permeability coefficient using water pressure test in homogeneous aquifer.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2014;31(8):77-81
21易连兴,张之淦,胡大可,等.三元连通试验在岩溶渗漏研究中的应用.水文地质工程地质,2006;(6):18-20Yi Lianxing,Zhang Zhigan,Hu Dake,et al.Application of threeelement tracers to the study of karst seepage.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006;(6):18-20
22聂艳华,段文刚,树锦.示踪法定量分析水流连通问题.长江科学院院报,2013;30(2):16-19Nie Yanhua,Duan Wengang,Shu Jin.Quantitative analysis of flow connectivity by tracing method.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013;30(2):16-19