圭嘎拉高速公路隧道地应力特征及岩爆预测
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摘要
依托在建的圭嘎拉隧道工程,综合采用水压致裂法、数值分析法获得地应力实测数据、隧道与洞身应力分布特征,明确最大主应力的方向,并利用岩石的单轴加载、卸载应力-应变曲线计算该隧道围岩的弹性应变能指数,分析岩石力学指标与发生岩爆的关系,结合深孔钻探成果、岩石力学试验、水文试验成果综合分析该隧道发生岩爆的强度。结果表明:圭嘎拉隧道最大主应力为水平应力,方向为NE40.9°,实测最大主应力值为23.81 MPa,数值计算对应值为24.68 MPa,数值计算与实测地应力分布规律基本一致;岩石弹性应变能指数试验表明黑云母二长花岗岩、板岩分别具备发生中等-强岩爆、低岩爆的储能和释能条件;该隧道发生中等-强岩爆段落长度为3.0 km,发生低岩爆段落长度为3.3 km。
Based on the currently-building Guigala Expressway tunnel engineering,the authors use the hydraulic fracturing method and numerical analysis method to obtain in-situ stress measurement data and the stress distribution characteristics of the tunnel and the hole body.The direction of the maximum principal stress is figured out.The uniaxial loading and unloading of the rock stress-strain curve is used to calculate the elastic strain energy indices of the surrounding rock.Rock mechanics index and the relationship between rock burst occurrence are analyzed.Data of deep hole drilling,rock mechanics test,hydrological test are used to comprehensively analyzes the tunnel rock burst occurrence.The results show that the maximum principal stress is the horizontal stress with the direction of NE40.9°.The measured maximum principal stress value is 23.81 MPa and the corresponding value of numerical calculation is 24.68 MPa,indicating that the numerical calculations are consistent with the measured in-situ stress distribution law.The elastic strain energy index test of rock shows that the two long granite and SLATE of black mica have energy storage and energy release conditions for medium-strong rock burst and lowstrength rock burst,respectively.The length of the medium-strong rock burst section of the tunnel is 3.0 km,and the length of the low-intensity rock burst section is 3.3 km.
Based on the currently-building Guigala Expressway tunnel engineering,the authors use the hydraulic fracturing method and numerical analysis method to obtain in-situ stress measurement data and the stress distribution characteristics of the tunnel and the hole body.The direction of the maximum principal stress is figured out.The uniaxial loading and unloading of the rock stress-strain curve is used to calculate the elastic strain energy indices of the surrounding rock.Rock mechanics index and the relationship between rock burst occurrence are analyzed.Data of deep hole drilling,rock mechanics test,hydrological test are used to comprehensively analyzes the tunnel rock burst occurrence.The results show that the maximum principal stress is the horizontal stress with the direction of NE40.9°.The measured maximum principal stress value is 23.81 MPa and the corresponding value of numerical calculation is 24.68 MPa,indicating that the numerical calculations are consistent with the measured in-situ stress distribution law.The elastic strain energy index test of rock shows that the two long granite and SLATE of black mica have energy storage and energy release conditions for medium-strong rock burst and lowstrength rock burst,respectively.The length of the medium-strong rock burst section of the tunnel is 3.0 km,and the length of the low-intensity rock burst section is 3.3 km.
引文
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[17]吕庆,孙红月,李德建,等.深埋特长公路隧道岩爆预测综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2982-2988.[LYV Q,SUN H Y,LI D J,et al.Comprehensive study on prediction of rock burst in deep and over-length highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2982-2988.(in Chinese)]
[2]何满朝,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.[HE M C,XIE H P,PENG S P,et al.Study on mechanics of deep mining rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.(in Chinese)]
[3]WANG Jianchao,JIANG Fuxing,MENG Xiangjun,et al.Mechanism of rock burst occurrence in specially thick coal seam with rock parting[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(5):1953-1965.
[4]ZHANG Yanbo,YU Guangyuan,TIAN Baozhu,et al.Review of the research progress of rock burst[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,2015(716/717):410-413.
[5]YANG Zengqiang,LIU Chang,TANG Shichuan,et al.Rock burst mechanism analysis in an advanced segment of gob-side entry under different dip angles of the seam and prevention technology[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,11(1):1016-1025.
[6]杜世回.秦岭翠华山特长隧道高地应力问题研究[J].铁道工程学报,2012,29(2):55-58.[DU SH.Study on high stress of cuihuashan super long tunnel in Qinling Mountain Area[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012,29(2):55-58.(in Chinese)]
[7]邓小鹏,相建华.宝塔山特长隧道地应力场研究及岩爆预测[J].水文地质工程地质,2013,40(1):83-88.[DENG X P,XIANG J H.A study of the geostress field of the surrounding rocks of the Baota mountain tunnel and rock burst forecast[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2013,40(1):83-88.(in Chinese)]
[8]王庆武,巨能攀,杜玲丽,等.深埋长大隧道岩爆预测与工程防治研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(6):88-94.[WANG Q W,JU N P,DU LL,et al.Research on rock burst prediction and engineering measures of long and deep-lying tunnels[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2016,43(6):88-94.(in Chinese)]
[9]LIU Zaobao,SHAO Jianfu,XU Weiya,et al.Prediction of rock burst classification using the technique of cloud models with attribution weight[J].Natural Hazards,2013,68(2):549-568.
[10]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院.西藏S5线圭嘎拉隧道详细工程地质勘察报告[R].西安,2016.[CCCC First Highway Consultants Co,Ltd.The detailed engineering geological survey report of Guigala tunnel in S5 Tibet[R].Xi'an,2016.(in Chinese)]
[11]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院.西藏S5线圭嘎拉隧道地应力测试报告[R].西安,2016.[CCCCFirst Highway Consultants Co,Ltd.The report of fracturing stress about Guigala tunnel in S5 Tibet[R].Xi'an,2016.(in Chinese)]
[12]景锋,盛谦,张勇慧,等.我国原位地应力测量与地应力场分析研究进展[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊2):51-58.[JING F,SHENG Q,ZHANG Y H,et al.Progress in in-situ geo-stress measurement and geo-stress field analysis in China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Sup2):51-58.(in Chinese)]
[13]ATSUSHI SAINOKI,HANI S MITRI.Quantitative analysis with plastic strain indicators to estimate damage induced by fault-slip[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2018,10(1):1-10.
[14]XU Jie,JIANG Jingdong,XU Ning,et al.A new energy index for evaluating the tendency of rockburst and its engineering application[J].Engineering Geology,2017,230(29):46-54.
[15]严鹏,谢良涛,范勇,等.不同开挖方式下深部岩体应变能的释放机制[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(增刊):60-68.[YAN P,XIE L T,FAN Y,et al.Release mechanism of strain energy in deep rock mass under different excavation modes[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(Sup):60-68.(in Chinese)]
[16]杨建华,卢文波,严鹏.基于瞬态卸荷动力效应控制的岩爆防治方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(1):68-75.[YANG J H,LU W B,YANP.Research on rockburst prevention and control method based on transient unloading dynamic effect control[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(1):68-75.(in Chinese)]
[17]吕庆,孙红月,李德建,等.深埋特长公路隧道岩爆预测综合研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2982-2988.[LYV Q,SUN H Y,LI D J,et al.Comprehensive study on prediction of rock burst in deep and over-length highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2982-2988.(in Chinese)]