岩石破裂失稳声发射监测频段信息识别研究
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摘要
首先对声发射信号进行分频处理,分析岩石损伤破裂演化过程中声发射信号频段分布规律。根据岩石断裂模式与声发射频率存在一定的对应关系,证明了岩石破裂监测中声发射前兆优势频段的存在,进一步构建前兆优势频段的计算方法,确定声发射监测岩石破裂的最优短临预报参数。通过开展花岗岩圆形隧洞模型水平卸荷试验,分析整个过程的声发射信号,寻找前兆优势频段,以此验证方法的可靠性。研究结果表明,水平方向卸荷瞬间,隧洞两壁发生劈裂破坏,频段(31.25~62 k Hz)的小波能量占比达73%以上。临近最终破裂,频段(7.8125~15.625 k Hz)变能系数CD6?由前一刻的0.5突增到15,具有典型的灾变响应特征,可以确定该频段为声发射前兆优势频段。选择CD6??作为宏观破裂的短临预报参数,再结合临近最终破裂前声发射主频在频段(90~105 k Hz)和(13~20 k Hz)所出现的响应突现规律,可以为预测花岗岩圆形隧洞模型的失稳破坏提供预警参量。
The mathematical methods of FFT and wavelet transform are used to deal with the acoustic emission(AE) frequency information of rock fracture firstly. Combined with the spectral distribution of AE signal, the main response spectrum of this lithology in specific form of fracture is selected. The AE precursor advantage spectrum and its calculation method, the most suitable short-term and optimal impending prediction parameters should be optimized, which gives a new way to monitor the disasters of rock mass engineering. In order to prove the validity of this method, the circular tunnel model is used in horizontal unloading tests in laboratory. The results show that the model edge wall around the tunnel is fractured at the moment of horizontal unloading. The energy achieves 73% between 31.25 and 62 k Hz, which reflects the properties of rock materials. When it is near the breakdown(TP=2425 s), the changing coefficient of CD6? becomes from 0.5 to 15, and it has characteristics of typical disaster response.(7.8125 ~ 15.625 k Hz) is the precursor advantage spectrum, and CD6? ? can be used as the macro rupture of short-term and impending prediction parameters combined with the sudden emergence in(90 ~ 105 k Hz) and(13 ~ 20 k Hz) of AE main-frequency. The proposed method may provide new characteristic parameters for disasters monitoring and early warning in rock mass engineering.
The mathematical methods of FFT and wavelet transform are used to deal with the acoustic emission(AE) frequency information of rock fracture firstly. Combined with the spectral distribution of AE signal, the main response spectrum of this lithology in specific form of fracture is selected. The AE precursor advantage spectrum and its calculation method, the most suitable short-term and optimal impending prediction parameters should be optimized, which gives a new way to monitor the disasters of rock mass engineering. In order to prove the validity of this method, the circular tunnel model is used in horizontal unloading tests in laboratory. The results show that the model edge wall around the tunnel is fractured at the moment of horizontal unloading. The energy achieves 73% between 31.25 and 62 k Hz, which reflects the properties of rock materials. When it is near the breakdown(TP=2425 s), the changing coefficient of CD6? becomes from 0.5 to 15, and it has characteristics of typical disaster response.(7.8125 ~ 15.625 k Hz) is the precursor advantage spectrum, and CD6? ? can be used as the macro rupture of short-term and impending prediction parameters combined with the sudden emergence in(90 ~ 105 k Hz) and(13 ~ 20 k Hz) of AE main-frequency. The proposed method may provide new characteristic parameters for disasters monitoring and early warning in rock mass engineering.
引文
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[18]张艳博,梁鹏,刘祥鑫,等.基于声发射信号主频和熵值的岩石破裂前兆试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2959–2967.(ZHANG Yan-bo,LIANG Peng,LIU Xiang-xin,et al.Experimental study on precursor of rock burst based on acoustic emission signal dominant-frequency and entropy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):2959–2967.(in Chinese))
[19]MORLET J,ARENS G,EFOURGEAU,et al.Wave propagation and sampling theory part:sampling theory and complex waves[J].Geophysics,1982,2:222–236.
[20]赵忠虎,鲁睿,张国庆.岩石失稳破裂的能量原理分析[J].金属矿山,2006,364(10):17–20,37.(ZHAO Zhong-hu,LU Rui,ZHANG Guo-qing.Analysis of energy principles in rock destabilization and fracture[J].Metal Mine,2006,364(10):17–20,37.(in Chinese))
[21]LI G,TANG C A.A statistical meso-damage mechanical method for modeling trans-scale progressive failure process of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,74:133–150.
[22]ENOMOTO Y,HASHIMOTO H.Emission of charged particles from indentation fracture of rocks[J].Nature,1990,346(16):641–643.
[23]王兰生,李文纲,孙云志.岩体卸荷与水电工程[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(2):145–154.(WANG Lan-sheng,LI Wen-gang,SUN Yun-zhi.Rock mass unloading in hydro electric project[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(2):145–154.(in Chinese))
[24]CAI M,KAISER P K,MORIOKA H,et al.FLAC/PFC coupled numerical simulation of AE in large-scale underground excavations[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(4):550–564.
[2]耿荣生,沈功田,刘时风.声发射信号处理和分析技术[J].无损检测,2002,24(1):23–28.(GENG Rong-sheng,SHEN Gong-tian,LIU Shi-feng.An overview on the development of acoustic emission signal processing and analysis technique[J].NDT,2002,24(1):23–28.(in Chinese))
[3]MOGI K.Study of elastic shocks caused by the fracture of better o-generous material and its relation to earthquake phenomena[M].Tokyo:Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute,1962:40.
[4]SCHOLZ C H.The frequency-magnitude relation of micro-fracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1968,58:399–415.
[5]ARMSTRONG B H.Acoustic Emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1969,59(3):1259–1279.
[6]CHEN Y.Application of acoustic emission techniques to rock mechanics research[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1977,20(4):312–322.
[7]GOWD T N.Factors affecting the acoustic emission response of triaxially compressed rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1980,17(4):219–223.
[8]CALDER P N,MADSEN D.High frequency precursor analysis prior to a rockburst[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1989,26:3–4.
[9]潘长良,祝方才,曹平,等.单轴压力下岩爆倾向岩石的声发射特征[J].中南工业大学学报,2001,32(4):336–339.(PAN Chang-liang,ZHU Fang-cai,CAO Ping,et al.Characteristics of acoustic emission of bursting-intended rocks under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2001,32(4):336–339.(in Chinese))
[10]周瑶琪,王爱国,陈勇,等.岩石压裂过程中的声发射信号研究[J].中国矿业,2008,17(2):94–97.(ZHOU Yao-qi,WANG Ai-guo,CHEN Yong,et al.Research on acoustic emission of rock fracture[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(2):94–97.(in Chinese))
[11]凌同华,廖艳程,张胜.冲击荷载下岩石声发射信号能量特征的小波包分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):127–130,255.(LING Tong-hua,LIAO Yan-cheng,ZHANG Sheng.Application of wavelet packet method in frequency band energy distribution of rock acoustic emission signals under impact loading[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(10):127–130,255.(in Chinese))
[12]LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,LIU Hui,et al.Case study on microseismic effect of coal and gas outburst process[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,53:101–110.
[13]贾雪娜.应变岩爆试验的声发射本征频谱特征[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2013.(JIA Xue-na.Experimental study on acoustic emission Eigen-frequency spectrum of strainborsts[D].Beijing:China University of Mining&Technology,2013.(in Chinese))
[14]何满潮,赵菲,张昱,等.瞬时应变型岩爆模拟试验中花岗岩主频特征演化规律分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):1–8,33.(HE Man-chao,ZHAO Fei,ZHANG Yu,et al.Feature evolution of dominant frequency components in acoustic emissions of instantaneous strain-type granitic rockburst simulation tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):1–8,33.(in Chinese))
[15]黄晓红,张艳博,田宝柱,等.基于相位差时延估计法的岩石声发射源定位研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(2):381–386.(HUANG Xiao-hong,ZHANG Yan-bo,TIAN Bao-zhu,et al.Time delay estimation and acoustic emission source location of rock based on phase different[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(2):381–386.(in Chinese))
[16]刘祥鑫.不同岩石声发射时频特性及其信号识别技术研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2011.(LIU Xiang-xin.Study on time-frequency characteristics of acoustic emission from different rocks and its signal recognition technology[D].Ganzhou:Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,2011.(in Chinese))
[17]LIU X Z,LIANG Z Z,ZHANG Y B,et al.Acoustic emission signal recognition of different rocks using wavelet transform and artificial neural network[J].Shock and Vibration,Volume2015,Article ID 846308,14 pages.
[18]张艳博,梁鹏,刘祥鑫,等.基于声发射信号主频和熵值的岩石破裂前兆试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊1):2959–2967.(ZHANG Yan-bo,LIANG Peng,LIU Xiang-xin,et al.Experimental study on precursor of rock burst based on acoustic emission signal dominant-frequency and entropy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S1):2959–2967.(in Chinese))
[19]MORLET J,ARENS G,EFOURGEAU,et al.Wave propagation and sampling theory part:sampling theory and complex waves[J].Geophysics,1982,2:222–236.
[20]赵忠虎,鲁睿,张国庆.岩石失稳破裂的能量原理分析[J].金属矿山,2006,364(10):17–20,37.(ZHAO Zhong-hu,LU Rui,ZHANG Guo-qing.Analysis of energy principles in rock destabilization and fracture[J].Metal Mine,2006,364(10):17–20,37.(in Chinese))
[21]LI G,TANG C A.A statistical meso-damage mechanical method for modeling trans-scale progressive failure process of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,74:133–150.
[22]ENOMOTO Y,HASHIMOTO H.Emission of charged particles from indentation fracture of rocks[J].Nature,1990,346(16):641–643.
[23]王兰生,李文纲,孙云志.岩体卸荷与水电工程[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(2):145–154.(WANG Lan-sheng,LI Wen-gang,SUN Yun-zhi.Rock mass unloading in hydro electric project[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(2):145–154.(in Chinese))
[24]CAI M,KAISER P K,MORIOKA H,et al.FLAC/PFC coupled numerical simulation of AE in large-scale underground excavations[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(4):550–564.