基于钻井液的随钻声波数据传输技术
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摘要
随着各种先进钻井技术的发展,需要实时传输到地面系统的井下数据越来越多,而现有的随钻数据传输技术传输速率较低,无法满足实际钻井需求。尝试将成熟的水声通信技术应用于随钻数据传输,建立了随钻数据声波传输的理论模型,分析了管道声波长距离传输的条件、声波频率对声波衰减的影响;利用有限元软件对随钻声波数据传输系统进行了仿真,在井深2 000 m,声波频率1、4、8 kHz,钻井液粘度20 mPa·s等条件下,声波衰减的仿真结果和理论分析的最大相对误差小于8.5%,验证了理论模型的正确性;分析了钻杆变径、弯曲等现象对声波传输的影响;最后通过实验测试,进一步验证了声波数据传输方式的技术潜力,为该技术的实用化奠定了基础。
With the development of advanced drilling technologies, more and more downhole data need to be transmitted to groundsurface in real time, however the transmission rate of existing logging while drilling(LWD) data transmission techniqueis too low to meet the requirement of actual drilling technology.This paper tries to apply the mature underwater acoustic communication technology to the LWD data transmission. The theoretical model of LWD data acoustic transmission was established, the influence of pipeline acoustic signal long transmission condition andacoustic frequencyon acoustic signal attenuation was analyzed. Finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate the logging while drilling acoustic data transmission system.Under the conditions of well depth of 2 000 m, acoustic frequency of 1, 4 and 8 kHz,and drilling fluid viscosity of 20 mPa·s, the influence of acoustic frequency on acoustic attenuation was simulated. The maximum relative error of simulation result and theoretical analysis is less than 8.5%, which verifies thecorrectness of the theoretical model. The influence of the drilling pipe diameter changing and bending on the acoustic transmission was analyzed. Finally, the experiment test was carried out, which demonstrates the technical potential of acoustic data transmission method in drilling process, and lays a foundation for the practical application of this technology.
With the development of advanced drilling technologies, more and more downhole data need to be transmitted to groundsurface in real time, however the transmission rate of existing logging while drilling(LWD) data transmission techniqueis too low to meet the requirement of actual drilling technology.This paper tries to apply the mature underwater acoustic communication technology to the LWD data transmission. The theoretical model of LWD data acoustic transmission was established, the influence of pipeline acoustic signal long transmission condition andacoustic frequencyon acoustic signal attenuation was analyzed. Finite element software COMSOL was used to simulate the logging while drilling acoustic data transmission system.Under the conditions of well depth of 2 000 m, acoustic frequency of 1, 4 and 8 kHz,and drilling fluid viscosity of 20 mPa·s, the influence of acoustic frequency on acoustic attenuation was simulated. The maximum relative error of simulation result and theoretical analysis is less than 8.5%, which verifies thecorrectness of the theoretical model. The influence of the drilling pipe diameter changing and bending on the acoustic transmission was analyzed. Finally, the experiment test was carried out, which demonstrates the technical potential of acoustic data transmission method in drilling process, and lays a foundation for the practical application of this technology.
引文
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[16] GAO X Y.Study on the measurement of downhole information on the basis of monitoring the mud pressure pulse[C].International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Control Automation,2017:76- 81.
[17] NAMUQ M.Simulation and modeling of pressure pulse propagation in fluids inside drill strings[D].Freiberg:Technische Universit?t Bergakademie Freiberg,2013.
[18] 周凯,刘志平,毛艳飞,等.贴片天线传感器平面二维应变测量方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(1):136-143.ZHOU K,LIU ZH P,MAO Y F,et al.Plane two-dimensional strain measurement method of patch antenna sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(1):136-143.
[19] 余强模,杨进,文玉梅,等.基于磁电换能器的三维宽频振动能量采集器[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(8):1707-1713.YU Q M,YANG J,WEN Y M,et al.Design and analysis of a 3D broadband vibration energy harvester based on magnetoelectric transducer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(8):1707-1713.
[2] 龙玲,陈庆,刘飞.电磁波随钻测量干扰信号消除算法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(9):2144- 2152.LONG L,CHEN Q,LIU F.Research on eliminating interference signal algorithm of EM-MWD[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(9):2144- 2152.
[3] 范业活,李天禄,杨志强.随钻无线传输技术分析与比较[J].测井技术,2016,40(4):455- 459.FAN Y H,LI T L,YANG ZH Q.Analysis and comparison of MWD transmission technology[J].Well Logging Technology,2016,40(4):455- 459.
[4] 马东,师奕兵,张伟,等.随钻数据声波NC-OFDM传输及噪声抑制的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(1):8-16.MA D,SHI Y B,ZHANG W,et al.Research on acoustic NC-OFDM transmission and noise reduction for logging while drilling data[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2017,38(1):8-16.
[5] 刘均,袁峰.钻柱内连续波信号传输模型与幅频特性研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2015,36(1):118-125.LIU J,YUAN F.Research on transport model and amplitude frequency characteristic of continuous wave signals inside a drill stem[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2015,36(1):118-125.
[6] 贾梦之,耿艳峰,闫宏亮,等.高速泥浆脉冲数据传输技术综述[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(12):160-170.JIA M ZH,GENG Y F,YAN H L,et al.Review of high-speed mud pulse telemetry technology[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(12):160-170.
[7] 夏文鹤,孟英峰,唐波,等.周期性钻柱内孔波导微波传播衰减规律研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(5):81- 88.XIA W H,MENG Y F,TANG B,et al.Research on the attenuation law of microwave propagation within the periodic drill string bore waveguide[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(5):81- 88.
[8] 尚海燕,周静,燕并男.声波钻杆信道及信息传输仿真研究[J].测井技术,2015,39(2):165-170.SHANG H Y,ZHOU J,YAN B N.On simulation of acoustic drill string channel and information transmission[J].Well Logging Technology,2015,39(2):165-170.
[9] FRANCONI N G,BUNGER A P,SEJDI■,et al.Wireless communication in oil and gas wells[J].Energy Technology,2015,2(12):996-1005.
[10] 许肖梅.声学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.XU X M.Acoustic Foundation [M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.
[11] 吴胜举,张明铎.声学测量原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.WU SH J,ZHANG M D.Acoustic Measurement Principle and Method[M].Beijing:Science Press,2014.
[12] MENG Y F,LI H T,LI G,et al.Investigation on propagation characteristics of the pressure wave in gas flow through pipes and its application in gas drilling[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015(22):163-171.
[13] LI H,LI G,MENG Y F,et al.Attenuation law of MWD pulses in aerated drilling[J].Petroleum Exploration & Development,2012,39(2):250- 255.
[14] 孟令雅,付俊涛,李玉星,等.输气管道泄漏音波信号传播特性及预测模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(2):124-129.MENG L Y,FU J T,LI Y X,et al.Propagating characteristics of acoustic leakage signal in natural gas pipeline and establishment of prediction model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science),2013,37(2):124-129.
[15] 赵书龙.随钻测井中连续波信号传输特性与处理方法研究[D].济南:山东大学,2016.ZHAO SH L.Research on continuous wave transmission characteristics and signal processing of logging while drilling[D].Ji′nan:Shandong University,2016.
[16] GAO X Y.Study on the measurement of downhole information on the basis of monitoring the mud pressure pulse[C].International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Control Automation,2017:76- 81.
[17] NAMUQ M.Simulation and modeling of pressure pulse propagation in fluids inside drill strings[D].Freiberg:Technische Universit?t Bergakademie Freiberg,2013.
[18] 周凯,刘志平,毛艳飞,等.贴片天线传感器平面二维应变测量方法研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2018,39(1):136-143.ZHOU K,LIU ZH P,MAO Y F,et al.Plane two-dimensional strain measurement method of patch antenna sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2018,39(1):136-143.
[19] 余强模,杨进,文玉梅,等.基于磁电换能器的三维宽频振动能量采集器[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(8):1707-1713.YU Q M,YANG J,WEN Y M,et al.Design and analysis of a 3D broadband vibration energy harvester based on magnetoelectric transducer[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(8):1707-1713.