基于流动单元的致密砂岩气储层渗透率测井评价——以川中广安地区须家河组为例
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摘要
四川盆地广安地区须家河组致密砂岩气储层非均质性极强,使得孔隙度与渗透率相关性差,难以通过单一的孔隙度与渗透率回归模型准确计算渗透率。因此,利用859块标准柱塞样物性分析数据,根据流动单元指数(FZI)由小到大,划分出了5类流动单元,并建立了相应的孔隙度与渗透率统计回归模型,每种类型流动单元的孔隙度与渗透率相关性良好。为了使用这组分类统计模型,需要连续的FZI来划分整个目的层段的流动单元类型。为此,选择了20块典型样品开展高压压汞与核磁共振联测实验。基于联测实验数据,得到了利用核磁共振测井计算Swanson参数、利用Swanson参数计算储层品质因子(RQI)、利用RQI计算FZI的转换模型,实现了FZI的连续定量评价,最终实现了研究区致密砂岩气储层流动单元类型的连续划分及其渗透率的测井评价。现场应用结果表明:利用核磁共振测井计算FZI与岩心分析FZI较为接近,该方法可有效解决FZI连续定量评价的问题;相比于单一的孔隙度和渗透率回归模型与核磁Coates模型,流动单元分类的渗透率计算结果与岩心分析渗透率吻合度更高,该方法有效地提高了渗透率测井评价的准确度。上述方法在类似的致密砂岩气储层渗透率测井评价中具有推广价值。
Strong heterogeneity exists in the tight sandstone gas reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in Guang'an area,central Sichuan Basin,which leads to poor correlation between porosity and permeability. It is difficult to calculate the permeability directly by using a single regression model. Therefore,physical property data from 859 standard plunger cores,the reservoir was divided into five types of flow unit according to Flow Unit Index(FZI)fromsmall to large,the corresponding regression models were established,and there was a good correlation between porosity and permeability in each type of Flow Unit. In order to make the established models for every type of flow unit available in estimating permeability in the whole intervals in field application,the consecutive FZI should be first obtained to classify formation. Therefore,20 typical samples were selected to carry out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)and mercury injection experiment. On the basis of experiment data,conversion models between T2 geometric mean(T2 lm)and Swanson parameter,Swanson parameter and reservoir quality index(RQI),RQI and FZI were established. Models of calculating the key factor of RQI in expression of FZI estimation formula were established,and then a credible technique of extracting FZI consecutively from NMR logs was proposed,which ensures the credibility of formation classification by using the predicted FZI. Finally,continuous division of flow unit and logging evaluation for permeability of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area were succeeded. Application results show that the FZI calculated by NMR log calculation is consistent with core analysis FZI,and NMR log can effectively solve the problem of continuously quantitative evaluation of FZI.Compared with single regression model and NMR Coates model,permeability value calculated by the classification of flow unit is more consistent with core analysis,this method can effectively improve the accuracy of permeability logging evaluation. This method can be used in tight gas reservoir evaluation and deliverability prediction directly.
Strong heterogeneity exists in the tight sandstone gas reservoirs of Xujiahe Formation in Guang'an area,central Sichuan Basin,which leads to poor correlation between porosity and permeability. It is difficult to calculate the permeability directly by using a single regression model. Therefore,physical property data from 859 standard plunger cores,the reservoir was divided into five types of flow unit according to Flow Unit Index(FZI)fromsmall to large,the corresponding regression models were established,and there was a good correlation between porosity and permeability in each type of Flow Unit. In order to make the established models for every type of flow unit available in estimating permeability in the whole intervals in field application,the consecutive FZI should be first obtained to classify formation. Therefore,20 typical samples were selected to carry out Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)and mercury injection experiment. On the basis of experiment data,conversion models between T2 geometric mean(T2 lm)and Swanson parameter,Swanson parameter and reservoir quality index(RQI),RQI and FZI were established. Models of calculating the key factor of RQI in expression of FZI estimation formula were established,and then a credible technique of extracting FZI consecutively from NMR logs was proposed,which ensures the credibility of formation classification by using the predicted FZI. Finally,continuous division of flow unit and logging evaluation for permeability of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area were succeeded. Application results show that the FZI calculated by NMR log calculation is consistent with core analysis FZI,and NMR log can effectively solve the problem of continuously quantitative evaluation of FZI.Compared with single regression model and NMR Coates model,permeability value calculated by the classification of flow unit is more consistent with core analysis,this method can effectively improve the accuracy of permeability logging evaluation. This method can be used in tight gas reservoir evaluation and deliverability prediction directly.
引文
[1]马新华,贾爱林,谭健,等.中国致密砂岩气开发工程技术与实践.石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):572-579.MA X H,JIA A L,TAN J,et al.Tight sand gas development technologies and practices in China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):572-579.
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[3]王伟明,卢双舫,陈旋,等.致密砂岩气资源分级评价新方法——以吐哈盆地下侏罗统水西沟群为例.石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):60-67.WANG W M,LU S F,CHEN X,et al.A new method for grading and assessing the potential of tight sand gas resources:a case study of the Lower Jurassic Shuixigou group in the Turpan-Hami Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):60-67.
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[5]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:141-144.YONG S H,ZHANG C M.Logging data processing and comprehensive interpretation.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2007:141-144.
[6]卞从胜,汪泽成,徐兆辉,等.构造沉降梯度对盆地沉积体系发育的控制作用.中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):29-40.BIAN C S,WANG Z C,XU Z H,et al.Controlling effect of structural sedimentation gradient on development of basin sedimentation system.China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(3):29-40.
[7]张志杰,李伟,杨家静,等.川中广安地区上三叠统须家河组岩相组合与沉积特征.地学前缘,2009,16(1):296-305.ZHANG Z J,LI W,YANG J J,et al.Lithofacies association and depositional characteristics of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Guang’an area,Central Sichuan Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(1):296-305.
[8]张富贵,刘家铎,孟万斌.川中地区须家河组储层成岩作用与孔隙演化研究.岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):30-36.ZHANG F G,LIU J D,MENG W B.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):30-36.
[9]王亮,毛志强,孙中春,等.泥质砂岩液相渗透率计算新方法.地球物理学报,2015,58(10):3837-3844.WANG L,MAO Z Q,SUN Z C,et al.A new method for calculating fluid permeability of shaly sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(10):3837-3844.
[10]刘彦成,罗宪波,康凯,等.陆相多层砂岩油藏渗透率表征与定向井初期产能预测——以蓬莱19-3油田为例.石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):97-103.LIU Y C,LUO X B,KANG K,et al.Permeability characterization and directional wells initial productivity prediction in the continental multilayer sandstone reservoirs:a case from Penglai19-3 oil field,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):97-103.
[11]尹帅,丁文龙,单钰铭,等.利用致密砂岩储层电导率参数求取渗透率.岩性油气藏,2016,28(6):117-124.YIN S,DING W L,SAN Y M,et al.Permeability calculation of tight sandstone reservoir by conductivity parameters.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(6):117-124.
[12]焦乃林,丁文龙,尹帅,等.通过构建基于地层岩石电导率的动态渗透率图版求取致密砂岩储层渗透率方法.科学技术与工程,2016,16(21):20-26.JIAO N L,DING W L,YIN S,et al.Method of calculating tight sandstone reservoir permeability by creating dynamic permeability chart based on formation rock conductivity.Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(21):20-26.
[13]赖锦,王贵文,罗官幸,等.基于岩石物理相约束的致密砂岩气储层渗透率解释建模.地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1173-1182.LAI J,WANG G W,LUO G X,et al.A fine logging interpretation model of permeability confined by petrophysical facies of tight gas sandstone reservoirs.Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1173-1182.
[14]孟万斌,吕正祥,唐宇,等.基于砂岩组构分类评价的储层渗透率预测.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(2):1-6.MENG W B,LYU Z X,TANG Y,et al.Reservoir permeability prediction based on sandstone texture classification.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2013,37(2):1-6.
[15]陈科贵,陈旭,张家浩.复合渗透率测井评价方法在砂砾岩稠油油藏的应用——以克拉玛依油田某区八道湾组为例.地球科学进展,2015,30(7):773-779.CHEN K G,CHEN X,ZHANG J H.Combined methods of permeability logging evaluate in glutenite reservoirs:a case study of Badaowan Formation in Karamay Oilfield.Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(7):773-779.
[16]郑香伟,吴健,何胜林,等.基于流动单元的砂砾岩储层渗透率测井精细评价.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):286-294.ZHENG X W,WU J,HE S L,et al.Fine evaluation of permeability of conglomerate reservoir based on flow unit.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):286-294.
[17]吕明针,林承焰,张宪国,等.储层流动单元划分方法评价及优选.岩性油气藏,2015,27(1):74-80.LYU M Z,LIN C Y,ZHANG X G,et al.Evaluation and optimization of flow unit division methods.Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(1):74-80.
[18]宋宁,刘振,张剑风,等.基于流动单元分类的非均质砂岩储集层渗透率预测.科技导报,2013,31(2):68-71.SONG N,LIU Z,ZHANG J F,et al.Permeability prediction of heterogeneous sand reservoir based on flow unit classification.Science&Technology Review,2013,31(2):68-71.
[19]范宜仁,葛新民,汪海龙,等.非均质性砂砾岩储层渗透率预测方法研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3):6-10.FAN Y R,GE X M,WANG H L,et al.Study on the method predicting permeability in the heterogeneous glutenite reservoir.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(3):6-10.
[20]莫尼卡德.测定储集岩性质的岩心分析.薛维钧,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:35-42.MONICARD R P.Properties of reservoir rocks:Core analysis.XUE W J,trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987:35-42.
[21]CARMAN P C.Fluid flow through granular beds.Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineering,1937(15):150-166.
[22]NOORUDDIN H A,HOSSAIN M E.Modified Kozeny-Carmen correlation for enhanced hydraulic flow unit characterization.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2012,80(1):107-115.
[23]HEARN C L,EBANKSWJ,TYE R S,et al.Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Draw Field,Wyoming.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1984,36(8):1335-1344.
[24]EBANKS W J.Flow unit concept-Integrated approach to reservoirs description for engineering projects.AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):551-552.
[25]AMAEFULE J O,ALTUNBAY M,TIAB D,et al.Enhanced reservoir description:using core and log data to identify hydraulic(flow)units and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Houston,1993.
[26]THOMEER J H M.Introduction of a pore geometrical factor defined by the capillary pressure curve.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1960,12(3):73-77.
[27]SWANSON B F.A simple correlation between permeabilities and mercury capillary pressures.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1981,33(12):2498-2504.
[28]XIAO L,MAO Z Q,WANG Z N,et al.Application of NMR logs in tight gas reservoirs for formation evaluation:a case study of Sichuan Basin in China.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2012,81(2):182-195.
[29]肖立志,谢然红,廖广志.中国复杂油气藏核磁共振测井理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2012:48-49.XIAO L Z,XIE R H,LIAO G Z.Nuclear magnetic resonance logging theory and method for complex oil and gas reservoirs in China.Beijing:Science Press,2012:48-49.
[2]赵会涛,王怀厂,刘健,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东部地区盒8段致密砂岩气低产原因分析.岩性油气藏,2014,26(5):75-79.ZHAO H T,WANG H C,LIU J,et al.Reasons of low yield of tight sandstone gas of He 8 member in eastern Ordos Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(5):75-79.
[3]王伟明,卢双舫,陈旋,等.致密砂岩气资源分级评价新方法——以吐哈盆地下侏罗统水西沟群为例.石油勘探与开发,2015,42(1):60-67.WANG W M,LU S F,CHEN X,et al.A new method for grading and assessing the potential of tight sand gas resources:a case study of the Lower Jurassic Shuixigou group in the Turpan-Hami Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(1):60-67.
[4]楚翠金,夏志林,杨志强.延川南区块致密砂岩气测井识别与评价技术.岩性油气藏,2017,29(2):131-138.CHU C J,XIA Z L,YANG Z Q.Logging identification and evaluation of tight sandstone gas in the southern Yanchuan block.Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(2):131-138.
[5]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释.东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:141-144.YONG S H,ZHANG C M.Logging data processing and comprehensive interpretation.Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2007:141-144.
[6]卞从胜,汪泽成,徐兆辉,等.构造沉降梯度对盆地沉积体系发育的控制作用.中国石油勘探,2014,19(3):29-40.BIAN C S,WANG Z C,XU Z H,et al.Controlling effect of structural sedimentation gradient on development of basin sedimentation system.China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(3):29-40.
[7]张志杰,李伟,杨家静,等.川中广安地区上三叠统须家河组岩相组合与沉积特征.地学前缘,2009,16(1):296-305.ZHANG Z J,LI W,YANG J J,et al.Lithofacies association and depositional characteristics of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Guang’an area,Central Sichuan Basin.Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(1):296-305.
[8]张富贵,刘家铎,孟万斌.川中地区须家河组储层成岩作用与孔隙演化研究.岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):30-36.ZHANG F G,LIU J D,MENG W B.Diagenesis and porosity evolution of Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,2010,22(1):30-36.
[9]王亮,毛志强,孙中春,等.泥质砂岩液相渗透率计算新方法.地球物理学报,2015,58(10):3837-3844.WANG L,MAO Z Q,SUN Z C,et al.A new method for calculating fluid permeability of shaly sandstone.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(10):3837-3844.
[10]刘彦成,罗宪波,康凯,等.陆相多层砂岩油藏渗透率表征与定向井初期产能预测——以蓬莱19-3油田为例.石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):97-103.LIU Y C,LUO X B,KANG K,et al.Permeability characterization and directional wells initial productivity prediction in the continental multilayer sandstone reservoirs:a case from Penglai19-3 oil field,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(1):97-103.
[11]尹帅,丁文龙,单钰铭,等.利用致密砂岩储层电导率参数求取渗透率.岩性油气藏,2016,28(6):117-124.YIN S,DING W L,SAN Y M,et al.Permeability calculation of tight sandstone reservoir by conductivity parameters.Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(6):117-124.
[12]焦乃林,丁文龙,尹帅,等.通过构建基于地层岩石电导率的动态渗透率图版求取致密砂岩储层渗透率方法.科学技术与工程,2016,16(21):20-26.JIAO N L,DING W L,YIN S,et al.Method of calculating tight sandstone reservoir permeability by creating dynamic permeability chart based on formation rock conductivity.Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(21):20-26.
[13]赖锦,王贵文,罗官幸,等.基于岩石物理相约束的致密砂岩气储层渗透率解释建模.地球物理学进展,2014,29(3):1173-1182.LAI J,WANG G W,LUO G X,et al.A fine logging interpretation model of permeability confined by petrophysical facies of tight gas sandstone reservoirs.Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(3):1173-1182.
[14]孟万斌,吕正祥,唐宇,等.基于砂岩组构分类评价的储层渗透率预测.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(2):1-6.MENG W B,LYU Z X,TANG Y,et al.Reservoir permeability prediction based on sandstone texture classification.Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2013,37(2):1-6.
[15]陈科贵,陈旭,张家浩.复合渗透率测井评价方法在砂砾岩稠油油藏的应用——以克拉玛依油田某区八道湾组为例.地球科学进展,2015,30(7):773-779.CHEN K G,CHEN X,ZHANG J H.Combined methods of permeability logging evaluate in glutenite reservoirs:a case study of Badaowan Formation in Karamay Oilfield.Advances in Earth Science,2015,30(7):773-779.
[16]郑香伟,吴健,何胜林,等.基于流动单元的砂砾岩储层渗透率测井精细评价.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2016,46(1):286-294.ZHENG X W,WU J,HE S L,et al.Fine evaluation of permeability of conglomerate reservoir based on flow unit.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2016,46(1):286-294.
[17]吕明针,林承焰,张宪国,等.储层流动单元划分方法评价及优选.岩性油气藏,2015,27(1):74-80.LYU M Z,LIN C Y,ZHANG X G,et al.Evaluation and optimization of flow unit division methods.Lithologic Reservoirs,2015,27(1):74-80.
[18]宋宁,刘振,张剑风,等.基于流动单元分类的非均质砂岩储集层渗透率预测.科技导报,2013,31(2):68-71.SONG N,LIU Z,ZHANG J F,et al.Permeability prediction of heterogeneous sand reservoir based on flow unit classification.Science&Technology Review,2013,31(2):68-71.
[19]范宜仁,葛新民,汪海龙,等.非均质性砂砾岩储层渗透率预测方法研究.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3):6-10.FAN Y R,GE X M,WANG H L,et al.Study on the method predicting permeability in the heterogeneous glutenite reservoir.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010,32(3):6-10.
[20]莫尼卡德.测定储集岩性质的岩心分析.薛维钧,译.北京:石油工业出版社,1987:35-42.MONICARD R P.Properties of reservoir rocks:Core analysis.XUE W J,trans.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987:35-42.
[21]CARMAN P C.Fluid flow through granular beds.Transactions of the Institute of Chemical Engineering,1937(15):150-166.
[22]NOORUDDIN H A,HOSSAIN M E.Modified Kozeny-Carmen correlation for enhanced hydraulic flow unit characterization.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2012,80(1):107-115.
[23]HEARN C L,EBANKSWJ,TYE R S,et al.Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Draw Field,Wyoming.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1984,36(8):1335-1344.
[24]EBANKS W J.Flow unit concept-Integrated approach to reservoirs description for engineering projects.AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(5):551-552.
[25]AMAEFULE J O,ALTUNBAY M,TIAB D,et al.Enhanced reservoir description:using core and log data to identify hydraulic(flow)units and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Houston,1993.
[26]THOMEER J H M.Introduction of a pore geometrical factor defined by the capillary pressure curve.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1960,12(3):73-77.
[27]SWANSON B F.A simple correlation between permeabilities and mercury capillary pressures.Journal of Petroleum Technology,1981,33(12):2498-2504.
[28]XIAO L,MAO Z Q,WANG Z N,et al.Application of NMR logs in tight gas reservoirs for formation evaluation:a case study of Sichuan Basin in China.Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2012,81(2):182-195.
[29]肖立志,谢然红,廖广志.中国复杂油气藏核磁共振测井理论与方法.北京:科学出版社,2012:48-49.XIAO L Z,XIE R H,LIAO G Z.Nuclear magnetic resonance logging theory and method for complex oil and gas reservoirs in China.Beijing:Science Press,2012:48-49.