深水浊积水道构型及岩石类型划分与三维地质建模——西非下刚果盆地A油田为例
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摘要
深水浊积岩油藏高效开发离不开精准地质模型的支持,如何让建立的地质模型更体现"储、渗"性能差异的特点,是需要探索解决的难题之一。形成了一种构型层次控制下,不同岩石类型约束的油藏建模思路。综合岩心、测井、地震及露头类比等资料,首先根据水道体系沉积特征划分了5类沉积构型要素,建立了构型模式;根据岩心描述结果划分了8类岩相,并结合孔、渗分布规律总结出5类岩相;按照层次建模的思路,在构型约束下建立了三维岩石模型。研究结果表明:水道体系不同沉积位置具有不同的岩性特征及地震发射特征,决定着构型要素的分类;对于成岩作用较弱的浊积岩,岩相与岩石类型之间在储集性能及渗流特征上规律一致,按孔、渗交会关系划分的岩石类型,更能体现渗流特征的差异;构型约束下的岩石类型模型,融合了静态地质岩性变化与动态渗流变化两者的优势,建模结果的优势也得到分析检验。研究在常规浊积水道储层建模技术中引入了岩石类型的作用,形成了一套更贴近油藏流体变化规律的建模思路,具有一定的理论与实践指导作用。
An accurate geological model is necessary for efficient development of deep-water turbidite reservoir,whereas how to characterize reservoir fluid flow behavior in a static model is a difficult problem to be solved. Based on the data of comprehensive core,well logging,seismic and outcrop analogy,five types of architecture elements were divided according to the sedimentary characteristics of the channel system,and the architecture pattern was established. Afterwards,8 types of litho-facies were classified in line with core decryption and 5 types of rock types were summarized in term of the correlation between porosity and permeability. Finally,three-dimensional rock type model was established under the hierarchical architecture constraint accordingly. The result reveals that different sediment position of turbidite channel system has different lithological characteristics and seismic reflection characteristics,also determine the classification of architecture elements. For turbidite with slightly diagenesis,the characteristics of porosity and permeability are consistent with the lithofacies and rock types,and rock type divided by the poro-perm correlation would reflect difference of flow characteristics. Rock type model under the architecture constraint combining laws both of the static lithology and flow characteristics,and the modeling results also verified by the statistical rule from well data. This study is attractive in using the rock type as the flow unit,forming a new geomodeling approach and instructive both in theory and practice.
An accurate geological model is necessary for efficient development of deep-water turbidite reservoir,whereas how to characterize reservoir fluid flow behavior in a static model is a difficult problem to be solved. Based on the data of comprehensive core,well logging,seismic and outcrop analogy,five types of architecture elements were divided according to the sedimentary characteristics of the channel system,and the architecture pattern was established. Afterwards,8 types of litho-facies were classified in line with core decryption and 5 types of rock types were summarized in term of the correlation between porosity and permeability. Finally,three-dimensional rock type model was established under the hierarchical architecture constraint accordingly. The result reveals that different sediment position of turbidite channel system has different lithological characteristics and seismic reflection characteristics,also determine the classification of architecture elements. For turbidite with slightly diagenesis,the characteristics of porosity and permeability are consistent with the lithofacies and rock types,and rock type divided by the poro-perm correlation would reflect difference of flow characteristics. Rock type model under the architecture constraint combining laws both of the static lithology and flow characteristics,and the modeling results also verified by the statistical rule from well data. This study is attractive in using the rock type as the flow unit,forming a new geomodeling approach and instructive both in theory and practice.
引文
1 Mchargue T,Pyrcz M J,Sullivan M D,et al.Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the continental slope:Patterns and predictions.Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011;28(3):728-743
2 Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems.Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems.New York:Springer,1991:75-106
3 Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.AAPG Bulletin,1978;62(5):239-263
4 Posamentier H W,Weimer P.Recent developments and applications in siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy.AAPG Memoir,1993;58:3-12
5 Mchargue T,Pyrcz M J,Sullivan M D,et al.Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the continental slope:Patterns and predictions.Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011;28(3):728-743
6蒋恕,王华,Paul Weimer.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学,2008;33(6):825-833Jiang Shu,Wang Hua,Paul Weimer.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and sedimentary elements in deepwater.Earth Science,2008;33(6):825-833
7吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究.沉积学报,2009;27(5):922-930Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater depositional system in the northern south China sea.Actasedim Entologica Sinica,2009;27(5):922-930
8王大伟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地第四纪块体搬运体系的地震特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009;29(3):69-74Wang Dawei,Wu Shiguo,Dong Dongdong,et al.Seismic characteristics of quaternary mass transport deposits in Qiongdongnan basin.Marine Geology&Qua Ternary Geology,2009;29(3):69-74
9吕明,王颖,陈莹.尼日利亚深水区海底扇沉积模式成因探讨及勘探意义.中国海上油气,2008;20(4):275-282Lv Ming,Wang Ying,Chen Ying.A discussion on origins of submarine fan deposition model and its exploration significance in Nigeria deep-water area.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008;20(4):275-282
10邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征.石油勘探与开发,2008;35(6):755-762Deng Rongjing,Deng Yunhua,Yu Shui,et al.Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008;35(6):755-762
11李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究.沉积学报,2008;26(3):407-416Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Huang Zhichao,et al.Study on sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies in deep-water niger delta.Actasedim Entologica Sinica,2008;26(3):407-416
12穆龙新,贾文瑞,贾爱林.建立定量储层地质模型的新方法.石油勘探与开发,1994;(4):82-86Mu Longxin,Jia Wenrui,Jia Ailin.A new method for the establishment of a Quantitative reservoir geological model.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994;(4):82-86
13林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积水道体系构型模式研究---以西非尼日尔三角洲盆地某深水研究区为例.地质论评,2013;59(3):510-520Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on architecture model of deepwater turbidity channel system:A case study of a deepwater research areain Niger Delta Basin,West Africa.Geological Review,2013;59(3):510-520
14张文彪,陈志海,刘志强,等.深水水道形态定量分析及沉积模拟---以西非Gengibre油田为例.石油学报,2015;36(1):41-49Zhang Wenbiao,Chen Zhihai,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology quantitative analysis and simulation of deepwater channel:A case study of Gengibre oilfield in west Africa.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015;36(1):41-49
15 Asgari A A,Sobhi G A.A fully integrated approach for the development of rock type characterization,in a middle east giant carbonate reservoir.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2006;3(3):260-270
16谭学群,廉培庆,邱茂君,等.基于岩石类型约束的碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模方法---以扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩油藏A为例.石油与天然气地质,2013;34(4):558-563Tan Xuequn,Lian Peiqing,Qiu Maojun,et al.Rock type-constrained geological modeling of carbonate reservoirs:a case study of carbonate reservoir A in the Zagros Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2013;34(4):558-563
17赵晓明,吴胜和,岳大力,等.深水海底扇储层构型浅析---以西非某油田为例.第五届油气成藏机理与油气资源评价国际学术研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2010:722-728Zhao Xiaoming,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,et al.Analysis of reservoir configuration in deepwater submarine fan-A case study of an oil field in West Africa.The 5th International Symposium on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism and Petroleum Resource Assessment.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:722-728
18张文彪,刘志强,陈志海,等.安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用.沉积学报,2015;33(1):142-152Zhang Wenbiao,Liu Zhiqiang,Chen Zhihai,et al.Establishment and application of geological data base on deep-water channels in angola block.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015;33(1):142-152
19林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积朵叶储层构型模式研究.天然气地球科学,2014;25(8):1197-1204Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on reservoir architecture models of deep-water turbidite lobes.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014;25(8):1197-1204
20赵晓明,吴胜和,刘丽.尼日尔三角洲盆地Akpo油田新近系深水浊积水道储层构型表征.石油学报,2012;33(6):1049-1058Zhao Xiaoming,Wu Shenghe,Liu Li.Characterization of reservoir architectures for Neogene deepwater turbidity channels of Akpo oilfield,Niger Delta Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012;33(6):1049-1058
21胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到“地震构型相”---一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法.地质学报,2017;91(2):465-478Hu Guangyi,Fan Ting'en,Chen Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:Characteristic method of a highresolution fluvial facies model.Acta Geologica Sinica,2017;91(2):465-478
22张佳佳,吴胜和,范廷恩,等.海底扇水道储层参数建模新思路---以西非A油田为例.石油与天然气地质,2017;38(2):407-418Zhang Jiajia,Wu Shenghe,Fan Ting'en,et al.New method for reservoir petrophysical modeling of submarine fan channels:A case from Oilfield A in West Africa.Oil&Gas Geology,2017;38(2):407-418
23潘少伟,王家华,杨少春,等.基于多点地质统计方法的岩相建模研究.科学技术与工程,2012;12(12):2805-2809Pan Shaowei,Wang Jiahua,Yang Shaochun,et al.Stochastic simulation of lithofacies distribution based-on multi-point geostatistics.Science Technology and Engineering,2012;12(12):2805-2809
24张淑娟,邵龙义,宋杰,等.相控建模技术在阿南油田阿11断块中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2008;35(3):355-361Zhang Shujuan,Shao Longyi,Song Jie,et al.Application of faciescontrolled modeling technology to the fault-block A11 in A'nan oilfield.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008;35(3):355-361
2 Mutti E,Normark W R.An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems.Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems.New York:Springer,1991:75-106
3 Walker R G.Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans:Models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.AAPG Bulletin,1978;62(5):239-263
4 Posamentier H W,Weimer P.Recent developments and applications in siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy.AAPG Memoir,1993;58:3-12
5 Mchargue T,Pyrcz M J,Sullivan M D,et al.Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the continental slope:Patterns and predictions.Marine&Petroleum Geology,2011;28(3):728-743
6蒋恕,王华,Paul Weimer.深水沉积层序特点及构成要素.地球科学,2008;33(6):825-833Jiang Shu,Wang Hua,Paul Weimer.Sequence stratigraphy characteristics and sedimentary elements in deepwater.Earth Science,2008;33(6):825-833
7吴时国,秦蕴珊.南海北部陆坡深水沉积体系研究.沉积学报,2009;27(5):922-930Wu Shiguo,Qin Yunshan.The research of deepwater depositional system in the northern south China sea.Actasedim Entologica Sinica,2009;27(5):922-930
8王大伟,吴时国,董冬冬,等.琼东南盆地第四纪块体搬运体系的地震特征.海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009;29(3):69-74Wang Dawei,Wu Shiguo,Dong Dongdong,et al.Seismic characteristics of quaternary mass transport deposits in Qiongdongnan basin.Marine Geology&Qua Ternary Geology,2009;29(3):69-74
9吕明,王颖,陈莹.尼日利亚深水区海底扇沉积模式成因探讨及勘探意义.中国海上油气,2008;20(4):275-282Lv Ming,Wang Ying,Chen Ying.A discussion on origins of submarine fan deposition model and its exploration significance in Nigeria deep-water area.China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008;20(4):275-282
10邓荣敬,邓运华,于水,等.尼日尔三角洲盆地油气地质与成藏特征.石油勘探与开发,2008;35(6):755-762Deng Rongjing,Deng Yunhua,Yu Shui,et al.Hydrocarbon geology and reservoir formation characteristics of Niger Delta Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008;35(6):755-762
11李磊,王英民,黄志超,等.尼日尔三角洲深水区层序地层及地震相研究.沉积学报,2008;26(3):407-416Li Lei,Wang Yingmin,Huang Zhichao,et al.Study on sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies in deep-water niger delta.Actasedim Entologica Sinica,2008;26(3):407-416
12穆龙新,贾文瑞,贾爱林.建立定量储层地质模型的新方法.石油勘探与开发,1994;(4):82-86Mu Longxin,Jia Wenrui,Jia Ailin.A new method for the establishment of a Quantitative reservoir geological model.Petroleum Exploration and Development,1994;(4):82-86
13林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积水道体系构型模式研究---以西非尼日尔三角洲盆地某深水研究区为例.地质论评,2013;59(3):510-520Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on architecture model of deepwater turbidity channel system:A case study of a deepwater research areain Niger Delta Basin,West Africa.Geological Review,2013;59(3):510-520
14张文彪,陈志海,刘志强,等.深水水道形态定量分析及沉积模拟---以西非Gengibre油田为例.石油学报,2015;36(1):41-49Zhang Wenbiao,Chen Zhihai,Liu Zhiqiang,et al.Morphology quantitative analysis and simulation of deepwater channel:A case study of Gengibre oilfield in west Africa.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015;36(1):41-49
15 Asgari A A,Sobhi G A.A fully integrated approach for the development of rock type characterization,in a middle east giant carbonate reservoir.Journal of Geophysics&Engineering,2006;3(3):260-270
16谭学群,廉培庆,邱茂君,等.基于岩石类型约束的碳酸盐岩油藏地质建模方法---以扎格罗斯盆地碳酸盐岩油藏A为例.石油与天然气地质,2013;34(4):558-563Tan Xuequn,Lian Peiqing,Qiu Maojun,et al.Rock type-constrained geological modeling of carbonate reservoirs:a case study of carbonate reservoir A in the Zagros Basin.Oil&Gas Geology,2013;34(4):558-563
17赵晓明,吴胜和,岳大力,等.深水海底扇储层构型浅析---以西非某油田为例.第五届油气成藏机理与油气资源评价国际学术研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2010:722-728Zhao Xiaoming,Wu Shenghe,Yue Dali,et al.Analysis of reservoir configuration in deepwater submarine fan-A case study of an oil field in West Africa.The 5th International Symposium on Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism and Petroleum Resource Assessment.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010:722-728
18张文彪,刘志强,陈志海,等.安哥拉深水水道地质知识库建立及应用.沉积学报,2015;33(1):142-152Zhang Wenbiao,Liu Zhiqiang,Chen Zhihai,et al.Establishment and application of geological data base on deep-water channels in angola block.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2015;33(1):142-152
19林煜,吴胜和,王星,等.深水浊积朵叶储层构型模式研究.天然气地球科学,2014;25(8):1197-1204Lin Yu,Wu Shenghe,Wang Xing,et al.Research on reservoir architecture models of deep-water turbidite lobes.Natural Gas Geoscience,2014;25(8):1197-1204
20赵晓明,吴胜和,刘丽.尼日尔三角洲盆地Akpo油田新近系深水浊积水道储层构型表征.石油学报,2012;33(6):1049-1058Zhao Xiaoming,Wu Shenghe,Liu Li.Characterization of reservoir architectures for Neogene deepwater turbidity channels of Akpo oilfield,Niger Delta Basin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012;33(6):1049-1058
21胡光义,范廷恩,陈飞,等.从储层构型到“地震构型相”---一种河流相高精度概念模型的表征方法.地质学报,2017;91(2):465-478Hu Guangyi,Fan Ting'en,Chen Fei,et al.From reservoir architecture to seismic architecture facies:Characteristic method of a highresolution fluvial facies model.Acta Geologica Sinica,2017;91(2):465-478
22张佳佳,吴胜和,范廷恩,等.海底扇水道储层参数建模新思路---以西非A油田为例.石油与天然气地质,2017;38(2):407-418Zhang Jiajia,Wu Shenghe,Fan Ting'en,et al.New method for reservoir petrophysical modeling of submarine fan channels:A case from Oilfield A in West Africa.Oil&Gas Geology,2017;38(2):407-418
23潘少伟,王家华,杨少春,等.基于多点地质统计方法的岩相建模研究.科学技术与工程,2012;12(12):2805-2809Pan Shaowei,Wang Jiahua,Yang Shaochun,et al.Stochastic simulation of lithofacies distribution based-on multi-point geostatistics.Science Technology and Engineering,2012;12(12):2805-2809
24张淑娟,邵龙义,宋杰,等.相控建模技术在阿南油田阿11断块中的应用.石油勘探与开发,2008;35(3):355-361Zhang Shujuan,Shao Longyi,Song Jie,et al.Application of faciescontrolled modeling technology to the fault-block A11 in A'nan oilfield.Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008;35(3):355-361