新疆牧业地区失能老年人居家非正式照护质量的影响因素分析
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摘要
目的分析新疆牧业地区失能老年人居家非正式照护质量的影响因素。方法运用家庭照护质量量表(FCCI)对335例新疆牧业地区哈萨克族失能老年人居家非正式照护者进行现场调研,采用多重线性回归法对照护质量的影响因素进行分析。结果居家非正式照护质量平均得分为44分;被照护老年人的失能程度、与照护者关系、被照护时间、照护者就业情况、年龄及社会支持是影响居家照护质量的主要因素,上述6个变量解释失能老年人居家照护质量总变异量的32.3%。其中,被照护老人的失能程度重(Beta=-0.475)、配偶照护者(Beta=-0.171)、被照护时间长(Beta=-0.180)、照护者就业状况差(Beta=-0.134)、照护者年龄大(Beta=-0.116)为其危险因素,高社会支持(Beta=0.110)为保护因素。结论新疆政府相关部门在解决失能老年人的长期照护问题中,应优先考虑牧业地区失能程度重、照护时间长及年龄较大的照护者,减轻其照护负担,提高居家非正式照护质量。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of home-based informal care for disabled elderly in Xinjiang pastoral areas. Methods The family caregiving consequences inventory(FCCI) was used to investigate 335 cases of disabled elderly kazakhs in Xinjiang pastoral areas. Results The average score of informal home care quality was 44 points. The disability level of the elderly, the relationship between the caregivers and the disabled elderly, the time of care, the employment situation, the age of the caregivers and social support were the main factors affecting the quality of home based care. The above six variables could explain 32.3% of the total variation in the quality of home-based care for the aged. Among them,the severity of disability(Beta =-0.475), spouse caregivers(Beta =-0.171), long duration of care(Beta =-0.180), poor employment status of caregivers(Beta=-0.134), older caregivers(Beta=-0.116) were the risk factors, and high social support(Beta =0.110) was the protective factor. Conclusion In solving the problem of long-term care for disabled elderly, the government in Xinjiang should give priority to those who have serious disabled, long time care and elderly caregivers in pastoral areas, to reduce their care burden and improve the quality of home informal care.
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of home-based informal care for disabled elderly in Xinjiang pastoral areas. Methods The family caregiving consequences inventory(FCCI) was used to investigate 335 cases of disabled elderly kazakhs in Xinjiang pastoral areas. Results The average score of informal home care quality was 44 points. The disability level of the elderly, the relationship between the caregivers and the disabled elderly, the time of care, the employment situation, the age of the caregivers and social support were the main factors affecting the quality of home based care. The above six variables could explain 32.3% of the total variation in the quality of home-based care for the aged. Among them,the severity of disability(Beta =-0.475), spouse caregivers(Beta =-0.171), long duration of care(Beta =-0.180), poor employment status of caregivers(Beta=-0.134), older caregivers(Beta=-0.116) were the risk factors, and high social support(Beta =0.110) was the protective factor. Conclusion In solving the problem of long-term care for disabled elderly, the government in Xinjiang should give priority to those who have serious disabled, long time care and elderly caregivers in pastoral areas, to reduce their care burden and improve the quality of home informal care.
引文
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[15]程静.论哈萨克族传统法律文化中的互助制度[J].伊犁师范学院学报(社科版),2015,34(3):5-7.
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[2]李建新,常庆玲.新疆各主要民族人口现状及变化特征[J].西北民族研究,2015,(3):21-36,47.
[3]安华.西部民族地区农牧区养老保障差异化制度设计研究[J].西南民族大学学报(人文社科版),2014,(5):113-118.
[4]Berg BV,Brouwer WB,Koopmanschap MA.Economic valuation of informal care.An overview of methods and applications[J].European Journal of Health Economics,2004,5(1):36-45.
[5]Brinda EM,Rajkumar AP,Enemark UA,et al.Cost and burden of informal caregiving of dependent older People in a rural Indian community[J].BMC Health Services Research,2014,14(1):207-215.
[6]Shamsaei F,Cheraghi F,Esmaeilli R.The family challenge of caring for the chronically mentally ill:a phenomenological study[J].Iranian Journal of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences,2015,9(3):e1898.
[7]吴复琛,王玉环,王美艳,等.维吾尔族、哈萨克族失能老年人居家主要照护者照护负担研究[J].现代预防医学,2014,41(19):3539-3541.
[8]Lawton MP,Brody EM.Assessment of older People:self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living[J].The Gerontologist,1969,9(3):179-186.
[9]林秀纯,徐亚瑛,姚开屏,等.台湾北部地区失能老人家庭护理品质及相关因素之探讨[J].护理研究,1999,7(1):15-28.
[10]肖水源.《社会支持评定量表》的理论基础与研究应用[J].临床精神医学杂志,1994,(2):98-100.
[11]王烈,杨小湜,侯哲,等.护理者负担量表中文版的应用与评价[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(8):970-972.
[12]吕繁,曾光,钟天伦,等.伤害家庭负担评价的方法学研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2001,22(4):246-248.
[13]Saletti-Cuesta L,Tutton E,Langstaff DA.Understanding informal carers'experiences of caring for older People with a hip fracture:a systematic review of qualitative studies[J].Disability and Rehabilitation,2018,40(7):740-750.
[14]董少敬,赵常丽.以父为兄:青海哈萨克族“还子”习俗调查[J].青海民族大学学报(社会科学版),2015,41(2):62-69.
[15]程静.论哈萨克族传统法律文化中的互助制度[J].伊犁师范学院学报(社科版),2015,34(3):5-7.
[16]Hung LC,Lucc.Unmet nursing care needs of home-based disabled patients[J].Journal of Advanced Nursing,2002,40(1):96-104.
[17]Du J,Shao S,Jin GH,et al.Factors associated with health-related quality of life among family caregivers of disabled older adults:a cross-sectional study from Beijing[J].Medicine,2017,96(44):e8489.
[18]王文婷,王玉环,吴复琛,等.新疆哈萨克族失能老年人居家照护者的社会支持及其影响因素[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,33(8):617-620.