腐朽对木材微观结构和金属元素含量的影响
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摘要
木材因腐朽造成大量的损失,研究腐朽对木材微观结构的影响具有重要意义。以红松木材为研究对象,使用电子扫描显微镜观察褐腐菌在木材内部的生长、分布以及对细胞壁结构的破坏情况,并进行表面微区的能谱分析,分析不同腐朽阶段木腐菌的生长情况和金属元素的分布;通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)分析不同腐朽阶段金属阳离子浓度的情况,比较各腐朽阶段金属元素含量的变化。结果表明,1)在微观结构上,腐朽木材的导管结构被破坏,木材内有密集的菌丝团;2)能谱分析中,木材腐朽后能谱图中的金属元素含量峰值出现变化,木材表面微区的金属元素相对含量有所增加;3)ICP-OES的定量分析,木材腐朽后金属元素的浓度值增加,因这些导电离子的存在使得木材腐朽后电阻减小。
Decay is one of the most important factors that cause heavy loss of forest resources.It is necessary for the depth study of the influence of decay on the wood microcosmic structure.Taking the rot fungal infected wood of Pinus koraiensis as research object,the scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis were used to study the changes of microstructure and metal distribution of wood in different stages of decay,and the ion concentration of decay wood specimens was detected by ICP-OES in the laboratory.The results showed that 1)the growing hypha destroyed the microcosmic appearance and structure of decay wood,and the destruction of rot fungi to wood cell wall got more and more serious as the decay degree deepened.2)According to EDAX analysis,the maximum content of metal elements changed and the relative amount of metal element in the wood surface increased.3)Through quantitative analysis of ICP-OES,metal element contents increased significantly and the total concentration of metal elements presented increasing trend.It was assumed that the increased cation content was the key factor affected the electrical resistance of decay wood.
Decay is one of the most important factors that cause heavy loss of forest resources.It is necessary for the depth study of the influence of decay on the wood microcosmic structure.Taking the rot fungal infected wood of Pinus koraiensis as research object,the scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis were used to study the changes of microstructure and metal distribution of wood in different stages of decay,and the ion concentration of decay wood specimens was detected by ICP-OES in the laboratory.The results showed that 1)the growing hypha destroyed the microcosmic appearance and structure of decay wood,and the destruction of rot fungi to wood cell wall got more and more serious as the decay degree deepened.2)According to EDAX analysis,the maximum content of metal elements changed and the relative amount of metal element in the wood surface increased.3)Through quantitative analysis of ICP-OES,metal element contents increased significantly and the total concentration of metal elements presented increasing trend.It was assumed that the increased cation content was the key factor affected the electrical resistance of decay wood.
引文
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[3]Forest Products Laboratory(US).Factors influencing decay of untreated wood[M].Madison,Wisconsin:U.S.Forest Service,1967
[4]VAN DER WAL A,DE BOER W,SMANT W,et al.Initial decay of woody fragments in soil is influenced by size,vertical position,nitrogen availability and soil origin[J].Plant Soil,2007,301(1/2):189-201
[5]张新玲,王立海,高珊.小兴安岭4树种健康材和腐朽材结晶度的试验[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):83-845.(in Chinese)ZHANG X L,WANG L H,GAO S.Crystallinity of healthy and rotten wood of several tree species in Xiaoxingan Mountain[J],Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2010,38(7):83-84.(in Chinese)
[6]李坚.木材科学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:238.
[7]池玉杰.木材腐朽与木材腐朽菌[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:24.
[8]鲍震宇,王立海.电阻测试法在立木腐朽检测中的应用研究进展[J].森林工程,2013,29(6):47-51.
[9]王兴龙,王立海.腐朽对山杨木材吸水性和电阻的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):257-261.WANG X L,WANG L H.The effects of decay on electrical resistance and moisture content of Populus davidiana wood[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(3):257-261(in Chinese).
[10]NICOLOTTI G,SOCCO L,MARTINIS R,et al.Application and comparison of three tomographic techniques for detection of decay in trees[J].Journal of Arboriculture,2003,29(2):66-78.
[11]孙天用,王立海,侯捷建,等.木材含水率和地形条件对红松活立木腐朽程度的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,26(2):349-355.SUN T Y.WANG L H,HOU J J,et al.Effect of timber moisture content and terrain conditions on the decay degree of Korean pine lives standing trees[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,26(2):349-355.(in Chinese)
[12]BLANCHETTE R A.Manganese accumulation in wood decayed by white rot fungi[J].Phytopathology,1984,74(6):725-730.
[13]CONNOLLY J H.Two-way translocation of cations by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation.1997,39(3):181-188.
[14]OSTROFSKY A,JELLISON J,SMITH K T,et al.Changes in cation concentrations in red spruce wood decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1997,27(4):567-571.
[15]OLIVA J,ROMERALO C,STENLID J.Accuracy of the rotfinder instrument in detecting decay on Norway spruce trees[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,262(8):1378-1386.