褐腐对木材电阻的影响
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摘要
为探究褐腐对木材电阻的影响,以落叶松为研究对象,用褐腐菌对木材试件进行了接种感染,然后测试了腐朽试件的电阻,观察了腐朽样品的微观结构和金属离子浓度,并分析了试件样品的主要化学成分。结果表明:1)褐腐后,木材电阻变化显著,特别是腐朽的初期;2)腐朽程度Es与电阻变化率Ed呈对数曲线关系,曲线回归模型中电阻变化率Ed和质量损失率Es高度相关(R=0.81,P <0.01);3)微观结构中,褐腐后菌丝渐渐生长至密集,木材试件的金属元素含量和各种金属元素浓度总体上都是呈现上升的趋势;4)相关分析表明,腐朽后木材电阻和离子浓度呈显著正相关关系,而与相对结晶度之间不存在显著的相关关系,说明褐腐后电阻变化的主要原因是由于金属元素的含量变化引起的。
In order to investigate the influence of decay on the wood electrical properties, Larix olgensis wood was selected as the research objects to conduct a series of the wood electrical resistance tests. Firstly, the wood specimens were infected by rot fungi in the laboratory. Then, the electrical resistance of the decay specimen was tested. After that, the change of microstructure, the ion concentration and the variations on main biochemistry components of infected wood were analyzed. The results show that 1) decay had significant influence on electrical resistance of wood, the electrical resistance decreased rapidly after the tested specimen was infected two weeks, and over time, it turned to slow down. 2) For the relationship between decay degree(Es) and electrical resistance variation(Ed), there existed a log curve between Ed and Es for L. olgensis wood, Ed had the positive relevance to Es(R=0.81, P < 0.01)in the curve models. 3) In microstructure, the destruction of rot fungi to wood cell wall got more and more serious as the decay degree deepened, the metal elements content and the total concentration of metal elements had been on the increasing trend as a whole over time of decay, there was a remarkable positive correlativity between decay degree and ionic concentration, and the correlation coefficients were larger than 0.7, however, there was not a significant correlation between electrical resistance and crystallinity of four decay specimens. 4) Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between resistance and ion concentration, but no significant correlation between resistance and relative crystallinity, the main reason for the change of resistance after brown rot was due to the change of metal elements.
In order to investigate the influence of decay on the wood electrical properties, Larix olgensis wood was selected as the research objects to conduct a series of the wood electrical resistance tests. Firstly, the wood specimens were infected by rot fungi in the laboratory. Then, the electrical resistance of the decay specimen was tested. After that, the change of microstructure, the ion concentration and the variations on main biochemistry components of infected wood were analyzed. The results show that 1) decay had significant influence on electrical resistance of wood, the electrical resistance decreased rapidly after the tested specimen was infected two weeks, and over time, it turned to slow down. 2) For the relationship between decay degree(Es) and electrical resistance variation(Ed), there existed a log curve between Ed and Es for L. olgensis wood, Ed had the positive relevance to Es(R=0.81, P < 0.01)in the curve models. 3) In microstructure, the destruction of rot fungi to wood cell wall got more and more serious as the decay degree deepened, the metal elements content and the total concentration of metal elements had been on the increasing trend as a whole over time of decay, there was a remarkable positive correlativity between decay degree and ionic concentration, and the correlation coefficients were larger than 0.7, however, there was not a significant correlation between electrical resistance and crystallinity of four decay specimens. 4) Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between resistance and ion concentration, but no significant correlation between resistance and relative crystallinity, the main reason for the change of resistance after brown rot was due to the change of metal elements.
引文
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[2]A VAN DER WAL,W DE BOER,W SMANT,et al.Initial Decay Of Woody Fragments in Soil is Influenced by Size,Vertical Position,Nitrogen Availability and Soil Origin[J].Plant Soil,2007,301(1-2):189-201.
[3]王立海,孙天用.木材腐朽检测及防治的研究进展[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2011,2(2):63-69.
[4]戴玉成,徐梅卿,杨忠,等.中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌(Ⅰ)[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(1):49-54.
[5]骆静怡,傅威锐,潘程远.木腐真菌的鉴定及对不同木材的腐朽能力[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(1):1-10.
[6]杨忠,任海青,江泽慧.生物腐朽对湿地松木材力学性质影响的研究[J].北京林业大学学学报,2010,32(3):146-149.
[7]VENKATESWARAN A.A comparison of the electrical properties of milled wood cellulose,and milled woo lignin[J].Wood science,1972,4:248-253.
[8]张新玲,王立海,高珊.小兴安岭4树种健康材和腐朽材结晶度的试验[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):83-84,125.
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[13]LARSSON B,BENGTS S O N B,GUSTA FSSON M.Nondestructive detection of decay in living trees[J].Tree physiology,2004,24(7):853-858.
[14]MARTIN T.Complex resistivity measurements on oak[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2012,70(1-3):45-53.
[15]MARTIN T,GüNTHER T.Complex resistivity tomography(CRT)for fungus detection on standing oak trees[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2013,132(5-6):765-776.
[16]鲍震宇.腐朽对木材电阻的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[17]王兴龙,王立海.腐朽对山杨木材吸水性和电阻的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):257-261.
[18]岳小泉,王立海,刘泽旭,等.不同含水率下利用电阻与应力波断层成像定量检测木材腐朽[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2016,45(5):593-598.
[19]鲍震宇,王立海.激励信号对山杨木材电阻测量的影响[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(1):79-82.
[20]解林坤,杜官本,代沁伶,等.TMCS等离子体对西南桦木材表面的修饰[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):96-100.
[21]李亚楠,戴亚辉,阎新萍.Origin8.0实现聚合物共混物红外光谱定量分析的数据处理[J].塑料,2014,43(4):110-113.
[22]李林,孙元喜,何旭元.在Origin7.0中实现化合物红外光谱数据可视化[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2006(4):199-201.
[23]武彦文,肖小河,孙素琴,等.黄连不同提取物的红外光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(1):93-96.
[24]刘文杰.铁皮石斛的红外光谱定性定量研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
[25]G Q XU,L H WANG,et al.FTIR and XPS Analysis of The Changes in Bamboo Chemical Structure decayed by White-Rot And BrownRot Fungi[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,280(5):799-805.
[26]朱愿,罗书品,欧阳靓,等.FTIR光谱法检测木材初期腐朽的最新研究进展[J].林业机械与木工设备,2012,40(9):12-14,17.
[27]王雅梅,马淑玲,冯利群.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析油热处理对木材耐腐性能的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(3):660-663.
[28]STAMM A J.The fiber-saturation point of wood as obtained from electrical conductivity measurements[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition,1929,1(2):94-97.
[29]岳小泉,王立海,刘泽旭,等.不同含水率下利用电阻与应力波断层成像定量检测木材腐朽[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2016,45(5):593-598.
[30]TATTAR T A,SHIGO A L,CHASE T.Relationship between the degree of resistance to a pulsed electric current and wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay in living trees[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1972,2(3):236-243.
[31]TATTAR T A,SAUFLEY G C.Comparison of electrical resistance and impedance measurements in wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1973,3(4):593-595.
[32]BLANCHETTE R A.Manganese accumulation in wood decayed by white rot fungi[J].Phytopathology,1984,74(6):725-730.
[33]JON H CONNOLLY.Two-way translocation of cations by the brown rot fungus gloeophyllum trabeum[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,1997,39(3):181-188.
[34]OSTROFSKY A,JELLISON J,SMITH K T,et al.Changes in cation concentrations in red spruce wood decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi[J].Canadian journal of forest research,1997,27(4):567-571.
[35]OLIVA J,ROMERALO C,STENLID J.Accuracy of the Rotfinder instrument in detecting decay on Norway spruce trees[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,262(8):1378-1386.
[2]A VAN DER WAL,W DE BOER,W SMANT,et al.Initial Decay Of Woody Fragments in Soil is Influenced by Size,Vertical Position,Nitrogen Availability and Soil Origin[J].Plant Soil,2007,301(1-2):189-201.
[3]王立海,孙天用.木材腐朽检测及防治的研究进展[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2011,2(2):63-69.
[4]戴玉成,徐梅卿,杨忠,等.中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌(Ⅰ)[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(1):49-54.
[5]骆静怡,傅威锐,潘程远.木腐真菌的鉴定及对不同木材的腐朽能力[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(1):1-10.
[6]杨忠,任海青,江泽慧.生物腐朽对湿地松木材力学性质影响的研究[J].北京林业大学学学报,2010,32(3):146-149.
[7]VENKATESWARAN A.A comparison of the electrical properties of milled wood cellulose,and milled woo lignin[J].Wood science,1972,4:248-253.
[8]张新玲,王立海,高珊.小兴安岭4树种健康材和腐朽材结晶度的试验[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(7):83-84,125.
[9]SKUTT H R,SHIGO A L,LESSARD R A.Detection of discolored and decayed wood in living trees using a pulsed electric current[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1972,2(1):54-56.
[10]SHIGO A L,SHIGO A.Detection of discoloration and decay in living trees and utility poles[J].Forest Service of the USDepartment of Agriculture,1974,29(4):3-10.
[11]SHIGO A L,SHORTLE W C,OCHRYMOWYCH J.Detection of active decay at groundline in utility poles[J].FOREST,1977,2(1):77.
[12]BENGTSSON B.Anordning och anv?ndning vid detektering avr?ta-angrepp i biologiskt material,f?retr?desvis tr?d[S].Swedish Patent No.9703540-6.1997.
[13]LARSSON B,BENGTS S O N B,GUSTA FSSON M.Nondestructive detection of decay in living trees[J].Tree physiology,2004,24(7):853-858.
[14]MARTIN T.Complex resistivity measurements on oak[J].European Journal of Wood and Wood Products,2012,70(1-3):45-53.
[15]MARTIN T,GüNTHER T.Complex resistivity tomography(CRT)for fungus detection on standing oak trees[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2013,132(5-6):765-776.
[16]鲍震宇.腐朽对木材电阻的影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2015.
[17]王兴龙,王立海.腐朽对山杨木材吸水性和电阻的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(3):257-261.
[18]岳小泉,王立海,刘泽旭,等.不同含水率下利用电阻与应力波断层成像定量检测木材腐朽[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2016,45(5):593-598.
[19]鲍震宇,王立海.激励信号对山杨木材电阻测量的影响[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(1):79-82.
[20]解林坤,杜官本,代沁伶,等.TMCS等离子体对西南桦木材表面的修饰[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(3):96-100.
[21]李亚楠,戴亚辉,阎新萍.Origin8.0实现聚合物共混物红外光谱定量分析的数据处理[J].塑料,2014,43(4):110-113.
[22]李林,孙元喜,何旭元.在Origin7.0中实现化合物红外光谱数据可视化[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2006(4):199-201.
[23]武彦文,肖小河,孙素琴,等.黄连不同提取物的红外光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2009,29(1):93-96.
[24]刘文杰.铁皮石斛的红外光谱定性定量研究[D].北京:北京中医药大学,2014.
[25]G Q XU,L H WANG,et al.FTIR and XPS Analysis of The Changes in Bamboo Chemical Structure decayed by White-Rot And BrownRot Fungi[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,280(5):799-805.
[26]朱愿,罗书品,欧阳靓,等.FTIR光谱法检测木材初期腐朽的最新研究进展[J].林业机械与木工设备,2012,40(9):12-14,17.
[27]王雅梅,马淑玲,冯利群.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱分析油热处理对木材耐腐性能的影响[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(3):660-663.
[28]STAMM A J.The fiber-saturation point of wood as obtained from electrical conductivity measurements[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition,1929,1(2):94-97.
[29]岳小泉,王立海,刘泽旭,等.不同含水率下利用电阻与应力波断层成像定量检测木材腐朽[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2016,45(5):593-598.
[30]TATTAR T A,SHIGO A L,CHASE T.Relationship between the degree of resistance to a pulsed electric current and wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay in living trees[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1972,2(3):236-243.
[31]TATTAR T A,SAUFLEY G C.Comparison of electrical resistance and impedance measurements in wood in progressive stages of discoloration and decay[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,1973,3(4):593-595.
[32]BLANCHETTE R A.Manganese accumulation in wood decayed by white rot fungi[J].Phytopathology,1984,74(6):725-730.
[33]JON H CONNOLLY.Two-way translocation of cations by the brown rot fungus gloeophyllum trabeum[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,1997,39(3):181-188.
[34]OSTROFSKY A,JELLISON J,SMITH K T,et al.Changes in cation concentrations in red spruce wood decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi[J].Canadian journal of forest research,1997,27(4):567-571.
[35]OLIVA J,ROMERALO C,STENLID J.Accuracy of the Rotfinder instrument in detecting decay on Norway spruce trees[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,262(8):1378-1386.