“粘住”还是“挤出”?——“中西部高校基础能力建设工程”对地方本科高校教育经费支出的影响研究
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摘要
为满足人民群众对优质高等教育资源的需求,促进优质高等教育资源向中西部地区倾斜,我国于2012年开始实施"中西部高校基础能力建设工程"(以下简称"建设工程"),但目前却鲜有研究对"建设工程"的实施效果进行评估。本研究使用2009-2016年中西部地区地方本科高校教育经费的校级面板数据,基于"粘蝇纸效应"和"挤出效应"理论,运用比较间断时间序列模型,从基本建设支出和事业性经费支出两方面对"建设工程"的实施效果进行评估。研究发现,"建设工程"所带来的优质高等教育资源向中西部倾斜的效果显著,在显著提高中西部地区地方本科高校基本建设支出水平的同时,并未对高校事业性经费支出产生明显的"挤出效应"。进一步的异质性研究发现,与西部地区高校相比,"建设工程"对中部地区高校的提升作用更强。
In order to meet the needs for quality higher education,the National Basic Ability Construction Project of HEIs in Western and Central China was launched in 2012 to stimulate the expansion of high-quality resources in these regions traditionally short of quality higher education. Based on the theory of"flypaper effect"and"crowding-out effect",we use the university-level panel data from 2009 to 2016 and employ the comparative interrupted time series models to examine the effects of the Project from the aspects of the basic ability and the business expenditure. HEIs covered in Phase II of the project are used as control groups for those who benefited from the project in Phase I. Our findings show that the implementation of the Project has significantly improved the basic infrastructure spending of regular HEIs,with an average annual increase of 137. 2%. At the same time,we do not find that the Project significantly "crowd out"the recurrent expenditure of HEIs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with the HEIs in the western region,the Project has a stronger effect on the central universities.
In order to meet the needs for quality higher education,the National Basic Ability Construction Project of HEIs in Western and Central China was launched in 2012 to stimulate the expansion of high-quality resources in these regions traditionally short of quality higher education. Based on the theory of"flypaper effect"and"crowding-out effect",we use the university-level panel data from 2009 to 2016 and employ the comparative interrupted time series models to examine the effects of the Project from the aspects of the basic ability and the business expenditure. HEIs covered in Phase II of the project are used as control groups for those who benefited from the project in Phase I. Our findings show that the implementation of the Project has significantly improved the basic infrastructure spending of regular HEIs,with an average annual increase of 137. 2%. At the same time,we do not find that the Project significantly "crowd out"the recurrent expenditure of HEIs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with the HEIs in the western region,the Project has a stronger effect on the central universities.
引文
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[2]钟秉林.优化高等教育资源配置推进高等教育内涵发展[J].重庆高教研究,2014,2(1):1-4+32.
[3]刘春惠.基于利益博弈的高等教育重点建设政策效果评估分析——以“211工程”为例[J].清华大学教育研究,2015,36(3):120-124.
[4]刘宝存.当代中国重点大学建设的回顾与前瞻[J].河北学刊,2009,29(4):1-6.
[5][20]吴红斌,郭建如.高等教育分层系统中的地方本科院校:困境、优势与出路——基于全国本科学生调查数据的分析[J].中国高教研究,2018(2):75-82.
[6]宋争辉.中国优质高等教育资源区域分布非均衡化的历史演变与现实思考[J].高等教育研究,2012,33(5):22-28.
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[9]胡洪曙.粘蝇纸效应及其对公共产品最优供给的影响[J].经济学动态,2011(6):149-152.
[10]Hines J R,Thaler R H. The Flypaper Effect[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):217-226.
[11]Hamilton B W. The flypaper effect and other anomalies[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1983,22(3):347-361.
[12]李萍.中国政府间财政关系图解[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2006.
[13]财政部.关于印发《中央对地方专项转移支付管理办法》的通知[EB/OL].(2015-12-30)[2018-5-5]. http://yss. mof. gov. cn/zhengwuxinxi/zhengceguizhang/201601/t20160129_1660488. html.
[14]Eriksen M D,Rosenthal S S. Crowd out effects of place-based subsidized rental housing:New evidence from the LIHTC program[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2010,94(11-12):953-966.
[15]Connolly L S. Does external funding of academic research crowd out institutional support?[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1997,64(3):389-406.
[16]张欢,张强,朱琴.农村义务教育经费“挤出效应”研究[J].清华大学教育研究,2004(5):54-59.
[17]Fisher R C.,Papke L E. Local Government Responses to Education Grants.[J]. National Tax Journal,2000,53(1):153-168.
[18]Litschig S,Morrison K M. The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Education Outcomes and Poverty Reduction[J].American Economic Journal:Applied Economics,2013,5(4):206-240.
[19]李晓玉,赵申苒,赵国祥.论近二十年来国家高等教育政策调整对中西部地方高校的影响[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),2016,56(2):15-24.
[21]孙志军.扩招十年来中国普通高校经费收入的变化及解释[J].清华大学教育研究,2009,30(4):72-80.
[22]杜鹏,顾昕.中国高等教育生均教育经费:低水平、慢增长、不均衡[J].中国高教研究,2016(5):46-52.
(1)中西部23个省包括:安徽、甘肃、广西、贵州、海南、河北、河南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、吉林、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、山西、陕西、四川、西藏、新疆、云南、重庆。
(2)“中西部高校基础能力建设工程”是“中西部高等教育振兴计划”的组成部分。
(3)一期工程高校名单来源:http://www. jyb. cn/high/gdjyxw/201305/t20130523_538782. html,2013-5-23/2018-9-28。
[2]钟秉林.优化高等教育资源配置推进高等教育内涵发展[J].重庆高教研究,2014,2(1):1-4+32.
[3]刘春惠.基于利益博弈的高等教育重点建设政策效果评估分析——以“211工程”为例[J].清华大学教育研究,2015,36(3):120-124.
[4]刘宝存.当代中国重点大学建设的回顾与前瞻[J].河北学刊,2009,29(4):1-6.
[5][20]吴红斌,郭建如.高等教育分层系统中的地方本科院校:困境、优势与出路——基于全国本科学生调查数据的分析[J].中国高教研究,2018(2):75-82.
[6]宋争辉.中国优质高等教育资源区域分布非均衡化的历史演变与现实思考[J].高等教育研究,2012,33(5):22-28.
[7]中国教育报.中西部高等教育振兴计划公布[EB/OL].(2013-5-23)[2018-8-17]. http://old. moe. gov. cn//publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s5147/201305/152242. html.
[8]马海涛.政府间财政转移支付制度[M].经济科学北京出版社,2010.
[9]胡洪曙.粘蝇纸效应及其对公共产品最优供给的影响[J].经济学动态,2011(6):149-152.
[10]Hines J R,Thaler R H. The Flypaper Effect[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1995,9(4):217-226.
[11]Hamilton B W. The flypaper effect and other anomalies[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1983,22(3):347-361.
[12]李萍.中国政府间财政关系图解[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2006.
[13]财政部.关于印发《中央对地方专项转移支付管理办法》的通知[EB/OL].(2015-12-30)[2018-5-5]. http://yss. mof. gov. cn/zhengwuxinxi/zhengceguizhang/201601/t20160129_1660488. html.
[14]Eriksen M D,Rosenthal S S. Crowd out effects of place-based subsidized rental housing:New evidence from the LIHTC program[J]. Journal of Public Economics,2010,94(11-12):953-966.
[15]Connolly L S. Does external funding of academic research crowd out institutional support?[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1997,64(3):389-406.
[16]张欢,张强,朱琴.农村义务教育经费“挤出效应”研究[J].清华大学教育研究,2004(5):54-59.
[17]Fisher R C.,Papke L E. Local Government Responses to Education Grants.[J]. National Tax Journal,2000,53(1):153-168.
[18]Litschig S,Morrison K M. The Impact of Intergovernmental Transfers on Education Outcomes and Poverty Reduction[J].American Economic Journal:Applied Economics,2013,5(4):206-240.
[19]李晓玉,赵申苒,赵国祥.论近二十年来国家高等教育政策调整对中西部地方高校的影响[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),2016,56(2):15-24.
[21]孙志军.扩招十年来中国普通高校经费收入的变化及解释[J].清华大学教育研究,2009,30(4):72-80.
[22]杜鹏,顾昕.中国高等教育生均教育经费:低水平、慢增长、不均衡[J].中国高教研究,2016(5):46-52.
(1)中西部23个省包括:安徽、甘肃、广西、贵州、海南、河北、河南、黑龙江、湖北、湖南、吉林、江西、辽宁、内蒙古、宁夏、青海、山西、陕西、四川、西藏、新疆、云南、重庆。
(2)“中西部高校基础能力建设工程”是“中西部高等教育振兴计划”的组成部分。
(3)一期工程高校名单来源:http://www. jyb. cn/high/gdjyxw/201305/t20130523_538782. html,2013-5-23/2018-9-28。