天然富硒土壤的性质及硒对重金属的拮抗研究
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摘要
本文研究了丰城市不同天然富硒地区稻田土壤的性质和硒对重金属(Cd和Pb)的拮抗作用。结果表明,董家村(高硒区,C区)稻田的土壤中水溶性Se含量是蕉坑村(低硒区,A区)的10倍。董家村稻田土壤中的酸溶态硒、可交换态硒、有机物结合态硒的含量要远高于蕉坑村,这4种形态硒能直接或间接的能被植物吸收利用,导致两个地区所生产出产品中所含硒量有着明显的差异。在水稻生长期间,Cd和Pb在叶片中含量与生长时间呈正相关的关系。但是,在水稻的每个生长期内,高硒区(董家村)的水稻叶片中Cd和Pb的含量在均低于低硒区(蕉坑村)中的含量。同时,在水稻整个生长期内,高硒区(董家村)的水稻叶片中Cd和Pb积累速率比低硒区(A区)的积累速率缓慢。结果表明,在水稻生长过程中,适量的硒浓度对重金属Cd和Pb起到了一定的拮抗作用。
By analyzing the Se forms in paddy fields soils in different areas of Fengcheng City, it was found that the water-soluble Se content in the soil of Dongjia(high Se area, C area) was 10 times that of Jiaokeng(low Se area, A area), and the contents of acid-soluble Se, exchangeable Se and organic-Se of Dongjia(C area) were much higher than that of Jiaokeng(A area).These four forms of Se can be directly or indirectly absorbed by plants, it resulting that there was a significant difference in Se content of product in the two region.The contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves were positively correlated with the rice growth period.But the Cd and Pb content in the leaves of rice in the high-Se area(C area)was lower than that in the low-Se(A area) in the same growingperiod of rice. At the same time, the study shows that the accumulation rate of Cd and Pb in the high-Searea is slower than that in the low-Searea(A area) during the whole growth period. The results indicated that the amount of Se concentrations had a certain antagonistic effect on heavy metals of Cd and Pb in the process of rice growth.
By analyzing the Se forms in paddy fields soils in different areas of Fengcheng City, it was found that the water-soluble Se content in the soil of Dongjia(high Se area, C area) was 10 times that of Jiaokeng(low Se area, A area), and the contents of acid-soluble Se, exchangeable Se and organic-Se of Dongjia(C area) were much higher than that of Jiaokeng(A area).These four forms of Se can be directly or indirectly absorbed by plants, it resulting that there was a significant difference in Se content of product in the two region.The contents of Cd and Pb in the leaves were positively correlated with the rice growth period.But the Cd and Pb content in the leaves of rice in the high-Se area(C area)was lower than that in the low-Se(A area) in the same growingperiod of rice. At the same time, the study shows that the accumulation rate of Cd and Pb in the high-Searea is slower than that in the low-Searea(A area) during the whole growth period. The results indicated that the amount of Se concentrations had a certain antagonistic effect on heavy metals of Cd and Pb in the process of rice growth.
引文
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[16]Yan,LIU..Effects of Se on Heavy Metal-Resistance of Brassica Napus under Compound Pollution of Cd and Pb[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,21:26-31.
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[3]Liu,K.,Zhao,Y.,Chen,F.,etal.Purification,Identification,and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Selenium-Containing Proteins from Selenium-Enriched Brown Rice[J].European Food Research and Technology,2012,234:61-68.
[4]De Souza,M.P.Rate-Limiting Steps in Selenium Assimilation and Volatilization by Indian Mustard[J].Plant Physiolo gy,1998,117(4):1487-1494.
[5]Gitelson,A.A.,Vina,A.,Arkebauer,T.J.,et al.Remote Estimation of Leaf Area Index and Green Leaf Biomass in Maize Canopies[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(5):1248-1251.
[6]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB5009.12-2017食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[7]国家卫生和计划生育委员会,国家食品药品监督管理总局.GB5009.15-2014食品安全国家标准食品中镉的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[8]Kapolna,E.,Gergely,V.,Dernovics,M.,et al.Fate of Selenium Species in Sesame Seeds during Simulated Bakery Process[J].Journal of FoodEngineering,2007,79:494-501.
[9]Fleming,G.A.Selenium in Irsish soils and plants[J].Soil Science,1962,94(1):28-35.
[10]Chao,T.T.,Sanzolone,R.F.Fractionation of Soil Selenium by Sequential Partial Dissolution[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(2):385-392.
[11]Martens,D.A.,Suarez,D.L.Selenium Speciation of Soil/Sediment Determined with Sequential Extractions and Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry[J].Environmental science&technology,1996,31(1):133-139.
[12]Palmer,S.,McIlwaine,R.,Ofterdinger,U.,et al.The Effects of Lead Sources on Oral Bioaccessibility in Soil and Implications for Contaminated Land Risk Management[J].Environment Pollution,2015,198:161-171.
[13]Kápolna,E.,Hillestrom,P.R.,Laursen,K.H.,et al.Effect of Foliar Application of Selenium on Its Uptake and Speciation in Carrot[J].FoodChemistry,2009,115(4):1357-1363.
[14]Zhou,H.,Yang,J.,Xin,T.,et al.Exendin-4 Protects Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide Through the PI3K/Akt-Sfrp2 patHways[J].Free Radical Biology andMedicine,2014,77:363-375.
[15]Jonnalagadda,S.B.,Rao,P.P.Toxicity,bioavailability and metal speciation[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Pharmacology,Toxicology and Endocrinology,1993,106(3):585-595.
[16]Yan,LIU..Effects of Se on Heavy Metal-Resistance of Brassica Napus under Compound Pollution of Cd and Pb[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,21:26-31.