不同虫态米象和玉米象蛀蚀小麦后其籽粒中脂类物质的变化
|
摘要
探讨米象和玉米象不同生长发育阶段侵害小麦后其脂类物质的变化规律,为小麦的安全储藏提供依据。选用河南产郑麦7698作为试验材料,在米象和玉米象最适生长发育条件下(30±1)℃、RH(75±1)%对小麦进行侵害,测定米象和玉米象在卵期、幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期侵害后小麦粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸值、水溶性酸值及脂肪酸组成的变化,并进行差异性分析。结果表明:随着米象和玉米象侵害过程中的生长和发育,小麦籽粒中粗脂肪含量明显下降,在成虫期分别下降到1.54%和1.40%,脂肪酸值和水溶性酸值均逐渐升高,其中脂肪酸值在成虫期高达76.77mg/100 g和82.15 mg/100 g,整个生长发育阶段差异性显著;米象侵害小麦后其籽粒饱和脂肪酸比例呈现先下降后上升的趋势,不饱和脂肪酸比例则呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而玉米象从幼虫期到成虫期总饱和脂肪酸比例上升,总不饱和脂肪酸比例下降。
Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais are the two common moth pests,due to their high reproductive capacity and strong infection ability,are considered as the most harmful pests to wheat storage. The present study was to examine the lipids changes of wheat kernel corroded by different life stages of Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais and conduct the safe storage of wheat. Zheng Mai 7698 was corroded by Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais at(30±1) ℃ and RH(75±1)% to obtain the infected samples. The changes of crude lipids content,fatty acid value,water soluble acid value and the fatty acid compositions of wheat samples corroded by Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais at different life stages were determined and the differences were analyzed. The results showed that the lipids contents decreased obviously with the Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais growth and development in the wheat kernel,and reached to 1.54% and 1.40% at adult stage,respectively. The fatty acid values and water soluble acid values of wheat samples increased gradually,in which the fatty acids values were reached to 77.67 mg/100 g and 82.15 mg/100 g respectively at adult stage and the differences in different stages were significant. The saturated fatty acid proportion of wheat infected by Sitophilus oryzae had the trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids showed an opposite trend. However,the percentage of total saturated fatty acids of wheat infected by Sitophilus zeamais was increased while the total unsaturated fatty acids was decreased from the larval to the adult stage.
Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais are the two common moth pests,due to their high reproductive capacity and strong infection ability,are considered as the most harmful pests to wheat storage. The present study was to examine the lipids changes of wheat kernel corroded by different life stages of Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais and conduct the safe storage of wheat. Zheng Mai 7698 was corroded by Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais at(30±1) ℃ and RH(75±1)% to obtain the infected samples. The changes of crude lipids content,fatty acid value,water soluble acid value and the fatty acid compositions of wheat samples corroded by Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais at different life stages were determined and the differences were analyzed. The results showed that the lipids contents decreased obviously with the Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus zeamais growth and development in the wheat kernel,and reached to 1.54% and 1.40% at adult stage,respectively. The fatty acid values and water soluble acid values of wheat samples increased gradually,in which the fatty acids values were reached to 77.67 mg/100 g and 82.15 mg/100 g respectively at adult stage and the differences in different stages were significant. The saturated fatty acid proportion of wheat infected by Sitophilus oryzae had the trend of first decreasing and then increasing,while the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids showed an opposite trend. However,the percentage of total saturated fatty acids of wheat infected by Sitophilus zeamais was increased while the total unsaturated fatty acids was decreased from the larval to the adult stage.
引文
[1]VSQUEZ-CASTRO J A,DE BAPTISTA G C,GADANHA C D,et al.Insecticidal effect and residual action of fenitrothion and esfenvalerate on Sitophilus oryzae and S.zeamais(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)in stored maize and wheat[J].ISRN Agronmy,2012,158179.
[2]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青,等.蛀食害虫侵害小麦后不同蛀蚀程度损伤粒储藏品质变化[J].粮食加工,2011,36(5):7-12.
[3]王晓曦,曲艺,雷宏,等.小麦胚中脂类对小麦粉品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2009(3):13-16.
[4]迟晓元.小麦脂肪及其与加工品质的关系[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[5]王殿轩,王利丹,王丹.玉米象感染小麦程度与储藏相关品质变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006(3):9-12.
[6]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C,SINGH R.Effect of insect infestation and storage on lipids of cereal grains[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(6):1502-1506.
[7]宋永令,穆垚,王若兰,等.小麦脂肪及相关酶应用研究进展[J].粮食与油脂,2014(3):1-3.
[8]章绍兵,陆启玉,吕燕红.脂类对面条品质的影响[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(1):12-15.
[9]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一.小麦被蛀食害虫侵害后其面条质构参数的动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):344-351.
[10]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其面筋蛋白结构的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(5):6-10.
[11]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[12]KESKIN S,OZKAYA H.Effect of storage and insect infestation on the technological properties of wheat[J].Cy TA-Journal of Food,2014,13(1):134-139.
[13]李桂华,钱向明,毕艳兰.油料油脂检验与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[14]赵九永,陆启玉,孙辉.小麦脂类研究进展[J].粮油食品科技,2010,18(1):1-4.
[15]白春启,曹阳,尚艳娥,等.米象和玉米象蜡层与护蜡层成分的气质联用鉴定[J].粮食储藏,2007,36(6):3-6.
[16]宋伟,丁超,胡寰翀,等.储藏条件对小麦游离脂肪酸上升速度的影响[J].食品科学,2010(10):301-303.
[17]万忠民,吴琳.不同储藏温度下小麦的品质劣变[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(6):6-7.
[18]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C.Protein and uric acid contents of cereal grains as affected by insect infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1993,46(2):143-146.
[19]樊东.普通昆虫学及实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[20]迟晓元,田纪春.小麦脂类研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(1):120-125.
[2]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青,等.蛀食害虫侵害小麦后不同蛀蚀程度损伤粒储藏品质变化[J].粮食加工,2011,36(5):7-12.
[3]王晓曦,曲艺,雷宏,等.小麦胚中脂类对小麦粉品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2009(3):13-16.
[4]迟晓元.小麦脂肪及其与加工品质的关系[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[5]王殿轩,王利丹,王丹.玉米象感染小麦程度与储藏相关品质变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006(3):9-12.
[6]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C,SINGH R.Effect of insect infestation and storage on lipids of cereal grains[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(6):1502-1506.
[7]宋永令,穆垚,王若兰,等.小麦脂肪及相关酶应用研究进展[J].粮食与油脂,2014(3):1-3.
[8]章绍兵,陆启玉,吕燕红.脂类对面条品质的影响[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(1):12-15.
[9]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一.小麦被蛀食害虫侵害后其面条质构参数的动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):344-351.
[10]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其面筋蛋白结构的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(5):6-10.
[11]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[12]KESKIN S,OZKAYA H.Effect of storage and insect infestation on the technological properties of wheat[J].Cy TA-Journal of Food,2014,13(1):134-139.
[13]李桂华,钱向明,毕艳兰.油料油脂检验与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[14]赵九永,陆启玉,孙辉.小麦脂类研究进展[J].粮油食品科技,2010,18(1):1-4.
[15]白春启,曹阳,尚艳娥,等.米象和玉米象蜡层与护蜡层成分的气质联用鉴定[J].粮食储藏,2007,36(6):3-6.
[16]宋伟,丁超,胡寰翀,等.储藏条件对小麦游离脂肪酸上升速度的影响[J].食品科学,2010(10):301-303.
[17]万忠民,吴琳.不同储藏温度下小麦的品质劣变[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(6):6-7.
[18]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C.Protein and uric acid contents of cereal grains as affected by insect infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1993,46(2):143-146.
[19]樊东.普通昆虫学及实验[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.
[20]迟晓元,田纪春.小麦脂类研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(1):120-125.