沼液COD对黄瓜幼苗生长及土壤环境因子的影响
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摘要
旨在探明沼液组分中影响农田安全消纳的限制因素,揭示其影响作物生长的机制。通过微区试验监测沼液化学需氧量(COD)对土壤环境因子及黄瓜幼苗生长的影响,分析COD量、幼苗生长、土壤养分及其他生态因子的关联性。低量沼液COD 1566 kg/hm~2促进幼苗生长,加快土壤有效磷的供应峰值,保水和保温效果明显。高量沼液COD 3132 kg/hm~2抑制幼苗生长,推迟土壤有效磷的供应峰值,土壤水分、温度、电导率等变化不利于幼苗生长。相关性分析表明,沼液COD与幼苗干物质及植株氮磷钾积累均呈抛物线相关。曲线拟合计算显示,COD最佳施用安全阈值是1102～1442 kg/hm~2,最大施用安全阈值是2208～2884 kg/hm~2。等量氮磷钾条件下,COD含量是影响沼液农田利用的关键限制因子,农田安全高效消纳沼液时,需统筹考虑该因素。
The aims are to explore the limiting factors in the constituents of biogas slurry affecting farmland safe digestion, and disclose the mechanism influencing crop growth. The effects of COD in biogas slurry on soil environmental factors and cucumber seedling growth were monitored by micro-zone test, and the correlations between COD amount, seedling growth, soil nutrients and other ecological factors were analyzed. The results showed that 1566 kg/hm~2 COD promoted the growth of seedlings, accelerated the appearance of available phosphorus peaks, and had obvious effect of water retention and heat preservation. 3132 kg/hm~2 COD inhibitedthe growth of seedlings, postponed the supply peak of available phosphorus. The changes of soil moisture,temperature, and electrical conductivity were not conducive to the seedling growth. The correlation analysisshowed that the COD in biogas slurry had a parabola correlation with seedling dry matter and N, P and Kaccumulation of plant. According to curve fitting, the optimal application safety threshold of COD was 1102-1442 kg/hm~2 and the maximum application safety threshold was 2208-2884 kg/hm~2. COD amount is the key limiting factor affecting the utilization of biogas slurry on farmland under the condition of equivalent NPK fertilizer, it should be considered when farmland is used as a safe and efficient method to digest biogas slurry.
The aims are to explore the limiting factors in the constituents of biogas slurry affecting farmland safe digestion, and disclose the mechanism influencing crop growth. The effects of COD in biogas slurry on soil environmental factors and cucumber seedling growth were monitored by micro-zone test, and the correlations between COD amount, seedling growth, soil nutrients and other ecological factors were analyzed. The results showed that 1566 kg/hm~2 COD promoted the growth of seedlings, accelerated the appearance of available phosphorus peaks, and had obvious effect of water retention and heat preservation. 3132 kg/hm~2 COD inhibitedthe growth of seedlings, postponed the supply peak of available phosphorus. The changes of soil moisture,temperature, and electrical conductivity were not conducive to the seedling growth. The correlation analysisshowed that the COD in biogas slurry had a parabola correlation with seedling dry matter and N, P and Kaccumulation of plant. According to curve fitting, the optimal application safety threshold of COD was 1102-1442 kg/hm~2 and the maximum application safety threshold was 2208-2884 kg/hm~2. COD amount is the key limiting factor affecting the utilization of biogas slurry on farmland under the condition of equivalent NPK fertilizer, it should be considered when farmland is used as a safe and efficient method to digest biogas slurry.
引文
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[31]郑学博,樊剑波,周静.沼液还田对旱地红壤有机质及团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3201-3210.
[32]程建峰,潘晓云,刘宜柏.土壤条件对陆稻根系生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):590-597.
[2]Li J S,Duan N,Guo S,et al.Renewable resource for agricultural ecosystem in China:ecological benefit for biogas by-product for planting[J].Ecological Informatics,2012,12:101-110.
[3]王子臣,管永祥,盛婧,等.水稻分蘖期沼液施灌对农田水体氮素的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(12):1544-1551.
[4]Loyon L.Overview of manure treatment in France[J].Waste management,2017,61:516-520.
[5]马林,柏兆海,王选,等.中国农牧系统养分管理研究的意义与重点[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(3):406-416.
[6]奚旦立,孙裕生.环境监测(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:113-114.
[7]靳红梅,常志州,吴华山,等.菜地追施猪粪沼液后NH3和N2O排放特征及氮损失率[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1155-1165.
[8]Hani C,Sintermann J,Kupper T,et al.Ammonia emission after slurry application to grassland in Switzerland[J].Atmospheric environment,2016,125:92-99.
[9]王文博,陈长青,仇忠启,等.不同沼液施灌量对水稻生长及土壤氮磷平衡的影响[J].作物杂志,2014,3:85-91.
[10]王子臣,梁永红,盛婧,等.稻田消解沼液工程措施的水环境风险分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):213-220.
[11]朱金山,张慧,马连杰,等.不同沼灌年限稻田土壤微生物群落分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2400-2411.
[12]黄亚丽,尹淑丽,张丽萍,等.沼液对黄瓜种子发芽和苗期生长的影响[J].中国沼气,2012,30(2):33-36.
[13]王新新,张春林,游璐,等.不同浓度沼液对油茶生长和经济性状的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(5):60-66.
[14]艾玉春,董月,汪吉东,等.水稻产量主要养分限制因子及养分运筹应对技术研究[J].江苏农业学报,2015,31(3):558-563.
[15]黄兴成,石孝均,李渝,等.基础地力对黄壤区粮油高产、稳产和可持续生产的影响[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(8):1476-1485.
[16]叶小梅,常志州,钱玉婷,等.江苏省大中型沼气工程调查及沼液生物学特性研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):222-227.
[17]王子臣,梁永红,盛婧,等.穗肥期沼液消解对稻田水体氮素的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):246-251.
[18]Ashraf I,Ahmad I,Nafees M,et al.A review on organic farming for sustainable agricultural production[J].Pure and Applied Biology,2016,5(2):277-286.
[19]Kumar S,Malav L C,Malav M K,et al.Biogas slurry:source of nutrients for eco-friendly agriculture[J].International Journal of Extensive Research,2015,2:42-46.
[20]杜臻杰,樊向阳,吴海卿,等.施用生物质炭和猪场沼液对潮土团聚体及氮素形态影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(9):20-24.
[21]张莉,鲍陈燕,章明奎.利用沼肥培育新增耕地地力的研究[J].土壤通报,2015,46(6):1472-1477.
[22]黄继川,徐培智,彭智平,等.基于稻田土壤肥力及生物学活性的沼液适宜用量研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):362-371.
[23]易贤明,廖新俤,吴银宝,等.基于马铃薯需磷量确定沼液适宜施用量的试验研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2012,33(2):140-145.
[24]余薇薇,张智,罗苏荣,等.沼液灌溉对紫色土菜地土壤特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(16):178-184.
[25]杨乐,王开勇,庞玮,等.新疆绿洲区连续五年施用沼液对农田土壤质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(5):17-21.
[26]樊文华,刘晋峰,王志伟,等.施用沼肥对温室土壤养分和重金属含量的影响[J].山西农业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,31(1):1-4.
[27]郝鲜俊,洪坚平,乔志伟.沼液对甘蓝连作土壤生物学性质的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(3):384-387.
[28]姜丽娜,王强,陈丁江,等.沼液稻田消解对水稻生产、土壤与环境安全影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(7):1328-1336.
[29]陈瑶,史秋萍,陈玉成.沼液连续浇灌对旱作和水田土壤养分及重金属含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):77-80.
[30]王昊川,史秋萍,陈玉成.模拟沼液灌溉对紫色土土壤环境的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):174-177.
[31]郑学博,樊剑波,周静.沼液还田对旱地红壤有机质及团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(16):3201-3210.
[32]程建峰,潘晓云,刘宜柏.土壤条件对陆稻根系生长的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):590-597.