深松条件下滴灌频次对土壤理化指标及棉花产量的调节效应
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摘要
研究深松条件下灌溉频次对土壤理化指标及棉花产量的调节效应,对优化新疆棉田滴灌制度提供理论依据。2016—2017年,在深松40cm条件下,设置4,7,10d/次3个滴灌频次,灌溉总量均为3 600m~3/hm~2的田间试验,测定并分析了不同滴灌频次对棉田0—60cm土层内土壤容重、紧实度、含水量、盐分含量及产量构成的调节效应。结果表明:棉花生育期内,不同处理0—40cm土层内的土壤容重表现为10d/次>4d/次>7d/次处理的变化趋势,40—60cm土层则以4d/次处理略高,7d/次处理在0—60cm土层深度土壤容重和紧实度均处在较低水平;不同土层深度下,各生育时期7d/次处理土壤含水量可维持在较高水平,2年平均分别较4,10d/次处理高出14.1%和18.0%;0—60cm土层内,处理间各生育期土壤含盐量变化情况表现为4d/次>7d/次>10d/次处理,随着灌水频次减少土壤盐分浓度峰值逐渐下移,不同处理在20—40cm深度形成明显的积盐区;不同滴灌频次下,棉花单株结铃数、单铃重和籽棉产量均以7d/次处理最高,4d/次处理最低,与4,10d/次处理相比,2年平均籽棉产量分别高出12.1%和10.0%。因此,适中的灌水频次(7d/次)有利于维持作物生长的土壤耕作环境及适宜的水分盐分环境,可促成棉花产量的形成。
The effects of drip irrigation frequency on soil physical and chemical indicators and cotton yield under subsoiling were studied,which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the drip irrigation system in cotton fields of Xinjiang.In this study,three different drip irrigation frequencies(4days/times,7days/times and 10days/times,respectively)and 3 600m~3/hm~2 as the total irrigation amount were selected.The experiment was carried out under the mechanical subsoiling of 40 cm from May to September of 2016and2017 in the Tarim Basin.The soil bulk density,compaction,water content,salt content and yield components in 0-60 cm soil layer of cotton field were determined and analyzed.The results showed that during the growth period of cotton,the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer showed a trend of 10days/times> 4days/times>7days/times,and in 40-60 cm soil layer the value of the 4days/times treatment was slightly higher.The soil bulk density and compaction of 0-60 cm soil layer were maintained at a low level in 7days/times treatment.Under different soil depths,the soil water content of 7days/times treatment maintained at a higher level during every growth period.The average value in two years was 14.1%and 18.0%higher that of 4days/times and 10days/times treatment,respectively.In the 0-60 cm soil layer,the soil salinity during the growth period was 4days/times>7days/times>10days/times treatment.With the decreasing of drip irrigation frequency,the peak of soil salinity decreased gradually,and an obvious salt accumulation area was formed at the depth of 20-40 cm.Under different drip irrigation frequencies,the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and seed cotton yield were the highest in 7days/times treatment,and the lowest in 4days/times treatment.Compared with 4days/times and 10days/times treatment,the average seed cotton yield in two years in 7days/times treatment was increased by 12.1%and 10.0%,respectively.Therefore,moderate drip irrigation frequency(7days/times)was conducive to maintaining the favorable soil cultivation environment and suitable water and salt environment for crop growth,which could promote the formation of cotton yield.
The effects of drip irrigation frequency on soil physical and chemical indicators and cotton yield under subsoiling were studied,which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the drip irrigation system in cotton fields of Xinjiang.In this study,three different drip irrigation frequencies(4days/times,7days/times and 10days/times,respectively)and 3 600m~3/hm~2 as the total irrigation amount were selected.The experiment was carried out under the mechanical subsoiling of 40 cm from May to September of 2016and2017 in the Tarim Basin.The soil bulk density,compaction,water content,salt content and yield components in 0-60 cm soil layer of cotton field were determined and analyzed.The results showed that during the growth period of cotton,the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer showed a trend of 10days/times> 4days/times>7days/times,and in 40-60 cm soil layer the value of the 4days/times treatment was slightly higher.The soil bulk density and compaction of 0-60 cm soil layer were maintained at a low level in 7days/times treatment.Under different soil depths,the soil water content of 7days/times treatment maintained at a higher level during every growth period.The average value in two years was 14.1%and 18.0%higher that of 4days/times and 10days/times treatment,respectively.In the 0-60 cm soil layer,the soil salinity during the growth period was 4days/times>7days/times>10days/times treatment.With the decreasing of drip irrigation frequency,the peak of soil salinity decreased gradually,and an obvious salt accumulation area was formed at the depth of 20-40 cm.Under different drip irrigation frequencies,the number of bolls per plant,single boll weight and seed cotton yield were the highest in 7days/times treatment,and the lowest in 4days/times treatment.Compared with 4days/times and 10days/times treatment,the average seed cotton yield in two years in 7days/times treatment was increased by 12.1%and 10.0%,respectively.Therefore,moderate drip irrigation frequency(7days/times)was conducive to maintaining the favorable soil cultivation environment and suitable water and salt environment for crop growth,which could promote the formation of cotton yield.
引文
[1]杨九刚,何继武,马英杰,等.灌水频率和灌溉定额对膜下滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2011(3):29-32,38.
[2]王新燕,龚照龙,郑巨云,等.不同频率膜下滴灌对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响[J].棉花科学,2017,39(3):20-24.
[3]周和平,翟超,孙志锋,等.新疆水资源综合利用效果及发展变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):95-100.
[4]宁松瑞,左强,石建初,等.新疆典型膜下滴灌棉花种植模式的用水效率与效益[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):90-99.
[5]王万宁,强小嫚,孙景生.麦前深松对夏玉米土壤物理性状和生长特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):229-236.
[6]齐华,刘明,张卫建,等.深松方式对土壤物理性状及玉米根系分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(4):191-196.
[7]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.
[8]赵亚丽,刘卫玲,程思贤,等.深松(耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2489-2503.
[9]林涛,郭仁松,崔建平,等.滴灌频率对南疆棉田水分蒸散特征及WUE的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1224-1229.
[10] Salah E E,Essam A A,Mohamed S A.Irrigation rate and plant density effects on yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated corn[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(5):836-844.
[11]王肖娟,龙常州,陈林.不同灌溉频率对滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2014,37(7):55-58.
[12]张琼,李光永,柴付军.棉花膜下滴灌条件下灌水频率对土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响[J].水利学报,2004(9):123-126.
[13]朱文新,高聚林,孙继颖,等.深松耕作下不同灌水次数对春玉米根层土壤特性及耗水规律的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(5):15-20.
[14]蔡丽君,边大红,田晓东,等.耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(5):232-238.
[15]张西超,邹洪涛,张玉龙,等.灌溉方法对设施土壤理化性质及番茄生长状况的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):143-147,153.
[16] Nawaz M F,Bourrie G,Trolard F.Soil compaction impact and modeling:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2013,33(2):291-309.
[17]吴争光,虎胆·吐马尔白,张金珠,等.不同灌水频率棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(4):50-54.
[18]余美,杨劲松,刘梅先,等.膜下滴灌灌水频率对土壤水盐运移及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):18-23,28.
[19]吴立峰,张富仓,周罕觅,等.不同滴灌施肥水平对北疆棉花水分利用率和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):137-146.
[20] Femandez U O,Virto I,Bescansa P.No-tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous,degradation prone,semiarid soil[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,106(1):29-35.
[21]祁琳,柏新富,牛玮浩,等.根际通气状况对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗生长的影响[J].植物学报,2016,51(1):16-23.
[22]王伟,李光永,曾德超.滴灌水质与灌溉频率对高含盐土壤棉花苗期生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(6):37-40.
[2]王新燕,龚照龙,郑巨云,等.不同频率膜下滴灌对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响[J].棉花科学,2017,39(3):20-24.
[3]周和平,翟超,孙志锋,等.新疆水资源综合利用效果及发展变化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):95-100.
[4]宁松瑞,左强,石建初,等.新疆典型膜下滴灌棉花种植模式的用水效率与效益[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(22):90-99.
[5]王万宁,强小嫚,孙景生.麦前深松对夏玉米土壤物理性状和生长特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):229-236.
[6]齐华,刘明,张卫建,等.深松方式对土壤物理性状及玉米根系分布的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(4):191-196.
[7]孔晓民,韩成卫,曾苏明,等.不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2014,22(1):108-113.
[8]赵亚丽,刘卫玲,程思贤,等.深松(耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2489-2503.
[9]林涛,郭仁松,崔建平,等.滴灌频率对南疆棉田水分蒸散特征及WUE的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1224-1229.
[10] Salah E E,Essam A A,Mohamed S A.Irrigation rate and plant density effects on yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated corn[J].Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(5):836-844.
[11]王肖娟,龙常州,陈林.不同灌溉频率对滴灌棉花生长及产量的影响研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2014,37(7):55-58.
[12]张琼,李光永,柴付军.棉花膜下滴灌条件下灌水频率对土壤水盐分布和棉花生长的影响[J].水利学报,2004(9):123-126.
[13]朱文新,高聚林,孙继颖,等.深松耕作下不同灌水次数对春玉米根层土壤特性及耗水规律的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(5):15-20.
[14]蔡丽君,边大红,田晓东,等.耕作方式对土壤理化性状及夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(5):232-238.
[15]张西超,邹洪涛,张玉龙,等.灌溉方法对设施土壤理化性质及番茄生长状况的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):143-147,153.
[16] Nawaz M F,Bourrie G,Trolard F.Soil compaction impact and modeling:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2013,33(2):291-309.
[17]吴争光,虎胆·吐马尔白,张金珠,等.不同灌水频率棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(4):50-54.
[18]余美,杨劲松,刘梅先,等.膜下滴灌灌水频率对土壤水盐运移及棉花产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):18-23,28.
[19]吴立峰,张富仓,周罕觅,等.不同滴灌施肥水平对北疆棉花水分利用率和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):137-146.
[20] Femandez U O,Virto I,Bescansa P.No-tillage improvement of soil physical quality in calcareous,degradation prone,semiarid soil[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,106(1):29-35.
[21]祁琳,柏新富,牛玮浩,等.根际通气状况对盐胁迫下棉花幼苗生长的影响[J].植物学报,2016,51(1):16-23.
[22]王伟,李光永,曾德超.滴灌水质与灌溉频率对高含盐土壤棉花苗期生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(6):37-40.