呼伦湖西南部咸水湖干涸湖滨带沉积物粒度特征
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摘要
沙粒是区域地表沙化的重要物质基础,以呼伦湖西南部典型间歇性干涸盐湖的湖滨带为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内测定,分析沉积物粒度组成及平均粒径、标准偏差、偏度和峰态值等粒度参数,探讨粒度与可蚀性特征。结果表明:区内干涸盐湖湖滨带沉积物属沙壤土,干涸湖滨带是潜在的风蚀粉尘释放源;粉砂和细砂是湖滨带沉积物呈现空间变化的主要粒级,从湖心到湖滨带,沉积物粒径频率分布曲线呈三峰态向双峰态渐变,地表粗化现象明显;风力搬运侵蚀是表层沉积物粒度发生变化的主要原因。受主风向影响,呼伦湖西南部咸水湖干涸湖滨带存在沿主风向扩大趋势,如进一步连通成片可能发展为呼伦贝尔沙地新的风蚀区,应该引起重视。
Sand component is an important material basis for regional surface desertification. The typical intermittent salt lake in the southwest of Hulun Lake was selected as the research object. Through field survey and measurement,particle size composition and grain size parameters of stratified samples 0-10 cm layers in ten sites from the water margin to the lakeside zone in the southwest of the typical playa were measured. After analyzing the particle size distribution,the paper discussed the characteristics of grain size and erodibility. The results indicated that the sediments were sandy loam and aeolian sandy soil and the lakeside zone was a potential source of wind erosion and dust release.There were spatial heterogeneity of particle size composition in the lakeside. The majority of soil particle size was occupied by silt and fine sand which were the main grain grades of sediments showing spatial changes from the water margin to the lakeside zone. The grain size frequency curve of sediments showed the change from a three-peak to a double-peak dominated by fine sand grains from the water margin to the lakeside zone. The rough phenomenon of the surface particle size has been shown obvious from the edge of the lake to the lakeside in the study area. Wind transport and wind erosion were the main reasons for sediment particle size changing on the surface. Affected by the main wind direction,there exists a trend of expansion along the main wind direction at the playas lakesides in the southwest of Hulun Lake in recent years. The desertification of the playas lakesides intensifies,showing a trend of connected slices,which may become a new wind erosion area in Hulunbeier Sandy Land. Therefore,the phenomenon of wind erosion and desertification and the area expansion in the playa lakesides should be paid attention to.
Sand component is an important material basis for regional surface desertification. The typical intermittent salt lake in the southwest of Hulun Lake was selected as the research object. Through field survey and measurement,particle size composition and grain size parameters of stratified samples 0-10 cm layers in ten sites from the water margin to the lakeside zone in the southwest of the typical playa were measured. After analyzing the particle size distribution,the paper discussed the characteristics of grain size and erodibility. The results indicated that the sediments were sandy loam and aeolian sandy soil and the lakeside zone was a potential source of wind erosion and dust release.There were spatial heterogeneity of particle size composition in the lakeside. The majority of soil particle size was occupied by silt and fine sand which were the main grain grades of sediments showing spatial changes from the water margin to the lakeside zone. The grain size frequency curve of sediments showed the change from a three-peak to a double-peak dominated by fine sand grains from the water margin to the lakeside zone. The rough phenomenon of the surface particle size has been shown obvious from the edge of the lake to the lakeside in the study area. Wind transport and wind erosion were the main reasons for sediment particle size changing on the surface. Affected by the main wind direction,there exists a trend of expansion along the main wind direction at the playas lakesides in the southwest of Hulun Lake in recent years. The desertification of the playas lakesides intensifies,showing a trend of connected slices,which may become a new wind erosion area in Hulunbeier Sandy Land. Therefore,the phenomenon of wind erosion and desertification and the area expansion in the playa lakesides should be paid attention to.
引文
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[22]张辉,李鹏,鲁克新,等.东柳沟流域表土粒度分布特征及可风蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):272-278.
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[29]曹振,胡克,张永光,等.科尔沁沙地地表沉积物粒度分析与可风蚀性讨论[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):15-19.
[30]苑依笑,王仁德,常春平,等.风蚀作用下农田土壤细颗粒的粒度损失特征及其对土壤性质影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):104-119.
[2]Epstein H E,Lauenroth W K,Burke I C.Effects of temperature and soil texture on ANPP in the U.S.Great Plains[J].Ecology,1997,78(8):2628-2631.
[3]张宏,史培军,郑秋红.半干旱地区天然草地灌丛化与土壤异质性关系研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(3):366-370.
[4]李新荣.干旱沙区土壤空间异质性变化对植被恢复的影响[J].中国科学(地球科学),2005,35(4):73-82.
[5]文海燕,傅华,赵哈林.退化沙质草地开垦和围封过程中的土壤颗粒分形特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):55-59.
[6]贾晓红,李新荣,李元寿.干旱沙区植被恢复过程中土壤颗粒分形特征[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):518-525.
[7]赵哈林,周瑞莲,赵学勇,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变规律及机制[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):1-7.
[8]孙传龙,张卓栋,邱倩倩,等.锡林郭勒草地表层土壤粒度分形特征及其与风蚀的关系[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):978-985.
[9]王伟,李安春,徐方建,等.北黄海表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其沉积环境分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2009,40(5):525-531.
[10]王勇,韩广,杨林,等.响水河中游右岸沙丘群粒度分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):26-32.
[11]王中原,罗万银,董治宝,等.共和盆地高寒草原风蚀坑表层沉积物粒度特征及动力学意义[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):7-16.
[12]周娜,王海峰.毛里塔尼亚努瓦克肖特沙丘粒度分布特征及其环境意义[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(2):252-261.
[13]周炎广,陈惠中,管超,等.呼伦贝尔沙地风蚀坑粒度特征及其环境意义[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):724-733.
[14]赵慧颖,乌力吉,郝文俊.气候变化对呼伦湖湿地及其周边地区生态环境演变的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1064-1071.
[15]孙毅,丁国栋,吴斌,等.呼伦贝尔沙地沙化成因及防治研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(6):120-122.
[16]封建民,王涛.呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化现状及历史演变研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3):75-79.
[17]李志刚.呼伦湖志[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古文化出版社,2008.
[18]Wentworth C K.A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments[J].Journal of Geology,1922,30(5):377-392.
[19]Folk R L,Ward W C.Brazos River bar:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1957,27(1):3-26.
[20]丁国栋.风沙物理学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2010.
[21]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[22]张辉,李鹏,鲁克新,等.东柳沟流域表土粒度分布特征及可风蚀性研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):272-278.
[23]Chepil W S.Factures that influence clod structure and erodibility of soil by wind:Ⅰ.soil texture[J].Soil Science,1953,75(6):473-483.
[24]Chepil W S.Influence of moisture on erodibility of soil by wind[J].Soil Science,1966,102(3):143-146.
[25]Xia D,Deng Y,Wang S,et al.Fractal features of soil particlesize distribution of different weathering profiles of the collapsing gullies in the hilly granitic region,south China[J].Natural Hazards,2015,79(1):455-478.
[26]Leenders J K,Sterk G.The effect of single vegetation elements on wind speed and sediment transport in the sahelian zone of Burkina Faso[J].Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,2010,32(10):1454-1474.
[27]Oro L A D,Buschiazzo D E.Threshold wind velocity as an index of soil susceptibility to wind erosion under variable climatic conditions[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,20(1):14-21.
[28]胡孟春,刘玉章.科尔沁沙地土壤风蚀的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(1):22-29.
[29]曹振,胡克,张永光,等.科尔沁沙地地表沉积物粒度分析与可风蚀性讨论[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):15-19.
[30]苑依笑,王仁德,常春平,等.风蚀作用下农田土壤细颗粒的粒度损失特征及其对土壤性质影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):104-119.