广西边境地区县级医院实验室应对突发公共卫生事件能力状况调查
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摘要
[目的]了解广西边境地区县级医院实验室突发公共卫生事件应对能力状况。[方法]以普查方法对广西边境地区22家县级医院进行问卷调查,内容包括实验室检验人员基本情况、分离和鉴定相关致病源能力、生物安全实验室和相关技术操作情况、实验室诊断相关机制等。[结果]广西边境地区县级医院实验室检验人员学历以专科为主(63.3%),71.1%人员为初级及以下职称。只有1所县医院能够分离鉴定鼠疫;9.1%的实验室能检测肉毒杆菌毒素和毒鼠强等中毒;10%~30%的实验室能分离和鉴定流行性脑脊髓膜炎、霍乱、SARS、流行性乙型脑炎、流行性感冒和炭疽热。只有9所县级医院拥有二级生物安全实验室。细胞培养技术和病毒分离技术开展比例则较低(36.4%、13.6%)。县医院实验室与其他部门缺乏沟通协作。[结论]县级医院实验室的检验人员素质有待提高,突发公共卫生事件检测能力不足,与其他机构实验室沟通协作机制有待完善,尚不能较好地适应突发公共卫生事件应急处置的需要。
Objective To understand responding ability on public health emergency of county-level hospital laboratories in Guangxi border area.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 22 county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area,which included basic information of laboratory staffs,their ability for isolation and identification of pathogens,situation of biosafety laboratory and related technical operations and laboratory diagnosis-related mechanism. Results The laboratory staffs of county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area mainly graduated from college( 63. 3%) and 71. 1% of them had junior or below professional title. Only one county-level hospital could isolate and identify plague.9. 1% of laboratories could detect botulinum toxin and tetramine and other poisonings. 10% to 30% of laboratories could isolate and identify epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,cholera,SARS,Epidemic encephalitis B,influenza and anthrax. Only nine county-level hospitals had BSL-2 laboratories. Operation rate of cell culture techniques and virus isolation techniques was low( 36. 4% and 13. 6%). County-level hospital laboratories lack communication and collaboration with other departments. Conclusions The quality of the laboratory staffs at the county-level hospital laboratories need to be improved,and their detection capacity toward public health emergencies is not enough to meet the needs to deal with these emergencies. Communication and collaboration mechanism needs to be perfected.
Objective To understand responding ability on public health emergency of county-level hospital laboratories in Guangxi border area.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 22 county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area,which included basic information of laboratory staffs,their ability for isolation and identification of pathogens,situation of biosafety laboratory and related technical operations and laboratory diagnosis-related mechanism. Results The laboratory staffs of county-level hospitals in Guangxi border area mainly graduated from college( 63. 3%) and 71. 1% of them had junior or below professional title. Only one county-level hospital could isolate and identify plague.9. 1% of laboratories could detect botulinum toxin and tetramine and other poisonings. 10% to 30% of laboratories could isolate and identify epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis,cholera,SARS,Epidemic encephalitis B,influenza and anthrax. Only nine county-level hospitals had BSL-2 laboratories. Operation rate of cell culture techniques and virus isolation techniques was low( 36. 4% and 13. 6%). County-level hospital laboratories lack communication and collaboration with other departments. Conclusions The quality of the laboratory staffs at the county-level hospital laboratories need to be improved,and their detection capacity toward public health emergencies is not enough to meet the needs to deal with these emergencies. Communication and collaboration mechanism needs to be perfected.
引文
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[6]仇蕾洁,郑文贵,马安宁.对农村基层公共卫生应急系统脆弱性几个问题的初步探讨[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,(3):201-203.
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[10]申锦玉,牛建军,陈敏,等.厦门医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2011,27(3):282-284.
[11]蒋小泓,许文波,Sato Takeshi A.乳胶凝集法检测麻疹Ig M抗体的应用[J].中国计划免疫,2003,9(2):98-100.
[12]黎薇,柯昌文,孟玲,等.广东省疾病预防控制机构传染病实验室现状调查分析[J].华南预防医学,2009,35(3):66-69.
[13]刁奇志,董林玲,王婷玲,等.二级生物安全实验室建设及生物安全管理[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2012,22(19):4305-4307.
[14]陈欣然,杨建国,岳改英,等.郑州市病原微生物实验室生物安全管理现状调查研究[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(3):524-528.
[15]关健.医院实验室生物安全管理模式与策略[J].中国医院管理,2011,31(12):35-37.
[2]陈虹.军队数字化医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力现状评价研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学博士学位论文,2011.
[3]李克莉,冯子健,金连梅,等.中国突发公共卫生事件实验室检测现状的研究[J].现代预防医学,2008,35(4):601-603.
[4]毛远丽,杨瑞馥.临床实验室在突发公共卫生事件处置中的作用[J].解放军医学杂志,2010,35(3):235-238.
[5]孟雪晖,崔仕臣,陈其伟,等.广西县级医院突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系构建[J].中国医院,2015,19(11):27-29.
[6]仇蕾洁,郑文贵,马安宁.对农村基层公共卫生应急系统脆弱性几个问题的初步探讨[J].中国卫生事业管理,2016,(3):201-203.
[7]顾春英,常文军,张宏伟,等.我国部分省市公共卫生实验室现状的调查[J].第二军医大学学报,2004,25(3):248-251.
[8]郝艳华,吴群红,李斌,等.医疗机构突发公共卫生事件监测能力现状分析及改善对策[J].中国卫生事业管理,2008,(1):55-58.
[9]牛丽娟,吴家兵,曹明华.安徽省医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力调查报告[J].安徽预防医学杂志,2009,15(1):4-7.
[10]申锦玉,牛建军,陈敏,等.厦门医疗机构突发公共卫生事件应急能力现状调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2011,27(3):282-284.
[11]蒋小泓,许文波,Sato Takeshi A.乳胶凝集法检测麻疹Ig M抗体的应用[J].中国计划免疫,2003,9(2):98-100.
[12]黎薇,柯昌文,孟玲,等.广东省疾病预防控制机构传染病实验室现状调查分析[J].华南预防医学,2009,35(3):66-69.
[13]刁奇志,董林玲,王婷玲,等.二级生物安全实验室建设及生物安全管理[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2012,22(19):4305-4307.
[14]陈欣然,杨建国,岳改英,等.郑州市病原微生物实验室生物安全管理现状调查研究[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(3):524-528.
[15]关健.医院实验室生物安全管理模式与策略[J].中国医院管理,2011,31(12):35-37.