播期对小麦生态型间杂种优势的影响
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摘要
为了明确不同生态型杂交种的最佳播种时期,以6个冬、春小麦亲本材料和8个杂交组合为研究对象,设置3个播期(2014年10月2日、2014年11月3日和2015年3月21日),采用两因素裂区设计,筛选强优势杂交组合进行农艺性状及其产量的杂种优势变化研究。结果表明,不同生态型杂交组合及其亲本均能正常越冬,冬性亲本春播均不能抽穗。不同播期下的产量及农艺性状差异均达到显著水平。随着播期的推迟,杂交种和亲本产量均显著降低,杂交种产量下降幅度大于亲本,春性亲本较冬性亲本产量下降幅度小,冬、春正反交组合间产量差异不显著。小麦生态型间杂交种在正常秋播时才能发挥其高产潜力。筛选出4个强杂种优势组合:新春38号×新冬41号、新冬41号×新春38号、巴春02-509×新冬33号和新冬33号×巴春02-509。相关分析揭示了强优势组合小区产量表现为T1>T2>T3。冬、春小麦生态型间强优势组合的筛选,可通过调节播期来解决冬春性的适应性问题。
In order to clarify the optimal sowing dates of different ecotype hybrids,3 sowing dates(October 2,2014,November 3,2014 and March 21,2015)were set up with 6 winter wheat and spring wheat parent materials and 8 hybrid combinations. The two-factor split design was used to study the heterosis changes of agronomic traits and yield by using strong heterosis combination. The results showed as such :All the ecotype hybrid combinations and their parents were able to overwinter normally,and the winter parents sown in spring was not heading.The differences of yield and agronomic traits under different sowing dates all reached the significant level. With the delay of sowing date,the yields of both hybrids and parents decreased significantly,the yields of hybrids decreased more than that of parents,the yield of spring parents decreased less than that of winter parents,and the yields of reciprocal combinations between winter and spring ones were not significant. Wheat ecotypes hybrids may demonstrate their high-yield potential during normal autumn sowing seasons. Four strong heterosis combinations were selected :Xinchun38×Xindong41,Xindong41×Xinchun38,Bachun 02-509×Xindong33,and Xindong33×Bachun02-509. Correlation analysis revealed the yield of strong heterosis combination community was in T1>T2>T3. Screening strong heterosis combination between winter wheat and spring wheat ecotypes can be conducted by adjusting the sowing dates to solve the problem of adaptability in winter and spring.
In order to clarify the optimal sowing dates of different ecotype hybrids,3 sowing dates(October 2,2014,November 3,2014 and March 21,2015)were set up with 6 winter wheat and spring wheat parent materials and 8 hybrid combinations. The two-factor split design was used to study the heterosis changes of agronomic traits and yield by using strong heterosis combination. The results showed as such :All the ecotype hybrid combinations and their parents were able to overwinter normally,and the winter parents sown in spring was not heading.The differences of yield and agronomic traits under different sowing dates all reached the significant level. With the delay of sowing date,the yields of both hybrids and parents decreased significantly,the yields of hybrids decreased more than that of parents,the yield of spring parents decreased less than that of winter parents,and the yields of reciprocal combinations between winter and spring ones were not significant. Wheat ecotypes hybrids may demonstrate their high-yield potential during normal autumn sowing seasons. Four strong heterosis combinations were selected :Xinchun38×Xindong41,Xindong41×Xinchun38,Bachun 02-509×Xindong33,and Xindong33×Bachun02-509. Correlation analysis revealed the yield of strong heterosis combination community was in T1>T2>T3. Screening strong heterosis combination between winter wheat and spring wheat ecotypes can be conducted by adjusting the sowing dates to solve the problem of adaptability in winter and spring.
引文
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[6]曹新有,刘建军,程敦公,等.小麦品种冬春性、抗寒性与广适性的关系[J].麦类作物学报, 2012, 36(2):1210-1214.
[7]张凯,李巧珍,王润元,等.播期对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2012, 31(2):324-331..
[8]王夏,胡新,孙忠富.不同播期和播量对小麦群体性状和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(21):170-176.
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[10]孙敏,温斐斐,高志强,等.不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(8):1459-1469.
[11]李亚科,李桂兰,高书国.河北东部地区小麦冬、春杂种F1性状优势研究[C]. 21世纪小麦遗传育种展望-小麦遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集, 2001:4-5.
[12]崔国惠,倪中福,吴利民,等.小麦杂种优势群研究Ⅳ.普通小麦与斯卑尔托小麦的种间杂种优势[J].麦类作物学报,2001(4):10-14.
[13]Kronstad WE. Genetic diversity and the free exchange of germplasm in breaking yield barriers[M]//Reynolds M P, Rajaram S, McNab A. Increasing yield potential in wheat:Breaking in the Barriers. CIMMYT, MexicoDF, 1986:19-27.
[14]蒋纪芸,阎世理,潘世禄,等.品种、栽培条件对旱地小麦产量及其品质的影响[J].北京农学院学报, 1988(2):149-157.
[15]王东,于振文,贾效成.播期对优质强筋冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2004(2):25-26.
[16]谢家琪,李金才,魏凤珍.不同播期对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(13):5349-5350.
[17]张向前,杜世州,曹承富,等.播期对冬小麦群体性状、产量和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(1):71-77.
[18]王美,赵广才,石书兵,等.施氮及控水对黑粒小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒灌浆的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(1):179-186.
[19]张明明,董宝娣,乔匀周,等.播期、播量对旱作小麦‘小偃60’生长发育、产量及水分利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016, 24(8):1095-1102.
[20]杨桂霞,赵广才,徐柯,等.播期和密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和营养品质及生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(4):687-692.
[21]冀天会,张灿军,杨子光,等.水旱生态型冬小麦品种杂种优势分析[J].麦类作物学报, 2003(4):19-22.
[22]刘尚前,王晓春,牛瑞明,等.不同生态型小麦春播条件下幼穗分化进程与温度和叶片出生的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005(2):104-108.
[2]赵昌平.中国杂交小麦研究现状与趋势[J].中国农业科技导报,2010, 12(2):5-8.
[3]张炎,张翠兰,汪永祥,等.冬性与春性小麦的杂种性状表现和选择[J].作物学报, 1981(1):45-50.
[4]Sudhir P. Male sterility systeme in wheat and opportunities for hybrid wheat development[J]. Acta Physiol Plant, 2015, 37:1713.
[5]马翎健,宋喜悦,胡银岗,等.小麦不同生态类型品种穗分化杂种优势研究[J].西北农业大学学报, 2000(1):6-10.
[6]曹新有,刘建军,程敦公,等.小麦品种冬春性、抗寒性与广适性的关系[J].麦类作物学报, 2012, 36(2):1210-1214.
[7]张凯,李巧珍,王润元,等.播期对春小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2012, 31(2):324-331..
[8]王夏,胡新,孙忠富.不同播期和播量对小麦群体性状和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报, 2011, 27(21):170-176.
[9]Zhao YS, Li Z, Liu GZ, et al. Genome-based establishment of a highyielding heter-otic pattern for hybrid wheat breeding[J]. PNAS,2015, 112(51):15624-25629.
[10]孙敏,温斐斐,高志强,等.不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应[J].作物学报, 2014, 40(8):1459-1469.
[11]李亚科,李桂兰,高书国.河北东部地区小麦冬、春杂种F1性状优势研究[C]. 21世纪小麦遗传育种展望-小麦遗传育种国际学术讨论会文集, 2001:4-5.
[12]崔国惠,倪中福,吴利民,等.小麦杂种优势群研究Ⅳ.普通小麦与斯卑尔托小麦的种间杂种优势[J].麦类作物学报,2001(4):10-14.
[13]Kronstad WE. Genetic diversity and the free exchange of germplasm in breaking yield barriers[M]//Reynolds M P, Rajaram S, McNab A. Increasing yield potential in wheat:Breaking in the Barriers. CIMMYT, MexicoDF, 1986:19-27.
[14]蒋纪芸,阎世理,潘世禄,等.品种、栽培条件对旱地小麦产量及其品质的影响[J].北京农学院学报, 1988(2):149-157.
[15]王东,于振文,贾效成.播期对优质强筋冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学, 2004(2):25-26.
[16]谢家琪,李金才,魏凤珍.不同播期对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(13):5349-5350.
[17]张向前,杜世州,曹承富,等.播期对冬小麦群体性状、产量和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(1):71-77.
[18]王美,赵广才,石书兵,等.施氮及控水对黑粒小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒灌浆的影响[J].核农学报, 2017, 31(1):179-186.
[19]张明明,董宝娣,乔匀周,等.播期、播量对旱作小麦‘小偃60’生长发育、产量及水分利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016, 24(8):1095-1102.
[20]杨桂霞,赵广才,徐柯,等.播期和密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和营养品质及生理指标的影响[J].麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(4):687-692.
[21]冀天会,张灿军,杨子光,等.水旱生态型冬小麦品种杂种优势分析[J].麦类作物学报, 2003(4):19-22.
[22]刘尚前,王晓春,牛瑞明,等.不同生态型小麦春播条件下幼穗分化进程与温度和叶片出生的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005(2):104-108.