江苏海域赤潮发生消亡与水文气象因子关系研究
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摘要
本文从赤潮发生前的天气系统与赤潮位置关系,发生与消亡时水文气象各因子变化情况出发,对2007～2015年发生在江苏海域的各个赤潮案例进行全方位分析。研究发现:在赤潮发生海域邻近都有低压或温带气旋出海过程,且大部分在黄海海域停留了24 h左右。天气系统一般出现在赤潮前1～12 d,且赤潮大部分发生在天气系统移动方向的左侧。赤潮发生前出现的降压、升气温、降水、向岸大风、升水温、降盐、向岸浪等特征,有利于赤潮的发生;赤潮发生后期出现的升压、降气温、无降水、大风、降水温、升盐、大浪等特征,可能有利于赤潮的消亡;同时,初步给出引发赤潮发生与消亡的各水文气象要素变化的量值范围。研究得到的结论,可用于江苏海域赤潮发生与消亡条件预测。
Based on the relationship between the weather systems before the occurrence of red tide and the position of red tide, and on the changes in hydrological and meteorological factors during the occurrence and extinction of red tide, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the red tide cases in the Yellow sea off the coast of Jiangsu in 2007～2015. It is pointed that there was process of a low pressure system or temperate cyclone in the sea near the area of the red tide, and most of them stayed about 24 h in the Yellow Sea. Generally, the red tide occurred 1～12 d after the weather system, and most of them were on the left side of the moving direction of weather system. Some conditions are conducive to the occurrence of red tide, such as pressure decrease, air temperature increase, precipitation, shoreward gale, water temperature increase, salinity decreases, shoreward wave. While these conditions are conducive to the extinction of red tide later period, such as pressure increase, air temperature decrease, non-precipitation, gale, water temperature decrease, salinity increase, big wave. The variation ranges of these variables that lead to the occurrence and extinction of red tide are given preliminary. The conclusions can be used to predict the occurrence and extinction of red tide in the sea area of Jiangsu.
Based on the relationship between the weather systems before the occurrence of red tide and the position of red tide, and on the changes in hydrological and meteorological factors during the occurrence and extinction of red tide, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the red tide cases in the Yellow sea off the coast of Jiangsu in 2007～2015. It is pointed that there was process of a low pressure system or temperate cyclone in the sea near the area of the red tide, and most of them stayed about 24 h in the Yellow Sea. Generally, the red tide occurred 1～12 d after the weather system, and most of them were on the left side of the moving direction of weather system. Some conditions are conducive to the occurrence of red tide, such as pressure decrease, air temperature increase, precipitation, shoreward gale, water temperature increase, salinity decreases, shoreward wave. While these conditions are conducive to the extinction of red tide later period, such as pressure increase, air temperature decrease, non-precipitation, gale, water temperature decrease, salinity increase, big wave. The variation ranges of these variables that lead to the occurrence and extinction of red tide are given preliminary. The conclusions can be used to predict the occurrence and extinction of red tide in the sea area of Jiangsu.
引文
[1] 曹丛华,黄娟,郭明克等.辽东湾鲅鱼圈赤潮与环境因子分析[J].北京:海洋预报,2005,23(2):1-5.
[2] 李立新.中国赤潮研究与防治(二) [M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:107-117.
[3] 张俊峰,俞建良,庞海龙等.利用水文气象要素因子的变化趋势预测南海区赤潮的发生[J].北京:海洋预报,2006,23(1):9-19.
[4] 曾银东,陈剑桥,李雪丁.近十年厦门湾赤潮发生与热带气旋的关系研究[J].北京:海洋预报,2011,28(4):23-29.
[5] 龚强,汪宏宇,付丹丹.影响赤潮的气象因素分析[J].沈阳:环境保护科学,2004,30(5):30-33.
[6] 吴瑞贞.南海赤潮发牛前后阶段水文气象要素演变特征研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[7] 马毅,吴瑞贞,李华建等.有利于赤潮消亡的水文气象条件[J].北京:海洋预报,2008,25(3):1-6.
[8] 叶君武,周丽琴,陈淑琴等.舟山海域赤潮气象因子特征分析[J].北京:海洋预报,2009,26(4):76-82.
[9] 丛丕福,张丰收,曲丽梅.赤潮灾害监测预报研究综述[J].西安:灾害学,2008,23(2):127-130.
[10] 苏灵江.厦门海域血红哈卡藻赤潮的环流形势和水文气象条件分析[J].厦门:福建水产,2009,31(3):62-66.
[11] 吴迪生,黎广媚,赵雪等.广东沿海赤潮与海洋水文气象关系研究[J].天津:海洋通报,2005,24(5):16-22.
[12] 彭模,梁晓红,赵爱博.连云港海州湾海域赤潮发生与水文气象环境因子特征分析[J].北京:海洋开发与管理,2010,27(9):48-53.
[13] 国家海洋局.中国海洋灾害公报(1989-2015).http://www.soa.gov.cn.
[14] HY/T 069-2005赤潮监测技术规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社.
[15] 高清清,曹兵,杨波等.江苏沿海海域赤潮分布特征研究[J].天津:海洋通报,2017,36(2):217-229.
[2] 李立新.中国赤潮研究与防治(二) [M].北京:海洋出版社,2008:107-117.
[3] 张俊峰,俞建良,庞海龙等.利用水文气象要素因子的变化趋势预测南海区赤潮的发生[J].北京:海洋预报,2006,23(1):9-19.
[4] 曾银东,陈剑桥,李雪丁.近十年厦门湾赤潮发生与热带气旋的关系研究[J].北京:海洋预报,2011,28(4):23-29.
[5] 龚强,汪宏宇,付丹丹.影响赤潮的气象因素分析[J].沈阳:环境保护科学,2004,30(5):30-33.
[6] 吴瑞贞.南海赤潮发牛前后阶段水文气象要素演变特征研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[7] 马毅,吴瑞贞,李华建等.有利于赤潮消亡的水文气象条件[J].北京:海洋预报,2008,25(3):1-6.
[8] 叶君武,周丽琴,陈淑琴等.舟山海域赤潮气象因子特征分析[J].北京:海洋预报,2009,26(4):76-82.
[9] 丛丕福,张丰收,曲丽梅.赤潮灾害监测预报研究综述[J].西安:灾害学,2008,23(2):127-130.
[10] 苏灵江.厦门海域血红哈卡藻赤潮的环流形势和水文气象条件分析[J].厦门:福建水产,2009,31(3):62-66.
[11] 吴迪生,黎广媚,赵雪等.广东沿海赤潮与海洋水文气象关系研究[J].天津:海洋通报,2005,24(5):16-22.
[12] 彭模,梁晓红,赵爱博.连云港海州湾海域赤潮发生与水文气象环境因子特征分析[J].北京:海洋开发与管理,2010,27(9):48-53.
[13] 国家海洋局.中国海洋灾害公报(1989-2015).http://www.soa.gov.cn.
[14] HY/T 069-2005赤潮监测技术规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社.
[15] 高清清,曹兵,杨波等.江苏沿海海域赤潮分布特征研究[J].天津:海洋通报,2017,36(2):217-229.