水华微囊藻衰亡后营养盐释放过程研究
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摘要
在构建的水-沉积物系统中加入死亡的水华微囊藻细胞(烘箱中杀死),研究其衰亡后营养盐的释放过程及迁移转化规律。结果表明:(1)实验期间,微囊藻碎屑迅速分解释放,上覆水中DO和沉积物中氧化还原电位迅速降低;(2)实验初期上覆水中TN、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N大幅上升,第4d达到最高水平,分别升高了16.6、13.3、6.4倍;第4d以后TN、NO_3~--N逐渐降低,主要由于厌氧反硝化作用、向间隙水中迁移及NO_3~-向NH_4~+转化,NH_4~+-N平稳缓慢增加,后期N主要以NH_4~+的形式存在;(3)由于藻体分解,上覆水中TP、DTP、SRP、DOP的增加较快,第1d即达到较高水平,分别为初始值的4.10、5.29、4.86、8.33倍;(4)沉积物间隙水中TN、NH_4~+-N增幅较大,NO_3~--N次之,且NH_4~+-N持续升高,间隙水中N的形态也主要以NH_4~+的形式存在,整个实验阶段间隙水中TP、DTP、SRP一直有所升高,DOP先升高后降低;(5)沉积物成为微囊藻衰亡阶段营养盐释放的"汇"。
By adding decomposed Microcystis flos-aquae(killed in the oven)in the water-sediment system,nutrient release and transformation regulation was studied. The results suggested that:(1)The Microcystis fragment in experimental group quickly decomposed,the DO in overlying water and the Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the sediment reduced quickly.(2)TN,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N in the overlying water rose sharply,reaching the peak levels after the fourth day experiment,i.e. increasing by 16.6,13.3,and 6.4 times. Then,TN,NO_3~--N were gradually fell due to the anoxic denitrification,the removal to interstitial water and NO_3~-transformation to NH_4~+,but the NH_4~+-N increased slowly and it was the main form in the overlying water.(3)TP,DTP,SRP,DOP increased quickly in overlying water due to the Microcystis decomposing in the experimental group,reaching a higher level after the first day test,increasing by 4.10,5.29,4.86 and 8.33 times.(4)TN and NH_4~+-N increased more than the NO_3~--N in the interstitial water,and NH_4~+-N is the mainly form of the nitrogen in the interstitial water owing to NH_4~+-N continuous rising. TP,DTP and SRP increased all the way throughout the experiment,and the DOP rose first,then declined.(5)Sediments were the nutrient release sink during the decay of Microcystis flos-aquae.
By adding decomposed Microcystis flos-aquae(killed in the oven)in the water-sediment system,nutrient release and transformation regulation was studied. The results suggested that:(1)The Microcystis fragment in experimental group quickly decomposed,the DO in overlying water and the Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the sediment reduced quickly.(2)TN,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N in the overlying water rose sharply,reaching the peak levels after the fourth day experiment,i.e. increasing by 16.6,13.3,and 6.4 times. Then,TN,NO_3~--N were gradually fell due to the anoxic denitrification,the removal to interstitial water and NO_3~-transformation to NH_4~+,but the NH_4~+-N increased slowly and it was the main form in the overlying water.(3)TP,DTP,SRP,DOP increased quickly in overlying water due to the Microcystis decomposing in the experimental group,reaching a higher level after the first day test,increasing by 4.10,5.29,4.86 and 8.33 times.(4)TN and NH_4~+-N increased more than the NO_3~--N in the interstitial water,and NH_4~+-N is the mainly form of the nitrogen in the interstitial water owing to NH_4~+-N continuous rising. TP,DTP and SRP increased all the way throughout the experiment,and the DOP rose first,then declined.(5)Sediments were the nutrient release sink during the decay of Microcystis flos-aquae.
引文
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[14]国家环保总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.2002.
[15]侯金枝,魏权,高丽,等.刚毛藻分解对上覆水磷含量及赋存形态的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2184-2190
[16]陈丙法,冯慕华,尚丽霞,等.秋季聚积蓝藻打捞对蓝藻生长及水质影响的原位实验[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(2):253-262.
[17]曾巾,杨柳燕,肖琳,等.湖泊氮素生物地球化学循环及微生物作用[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(4):382-389.
[18]赵悬悬,朱光灿,许丽娟,等.蓝藻自然腐解特性研究[J],江苏农业学报,2013,29(2):312-318.
[19]Kalff J. Limnology Inland Water Ecosystems[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2002:85-93.
[20]Downes M T. Aquatic nitrogen transformations at low oxygen concentration[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,1988,54:172-175.
[21]张胜花,常军军,孙珮石.水体藻类磷代谢及藻体磷矿化研究进展[J].生态环境学报.2013,22(7):1250-1254.
[22]Wang Y Y,Chen F Z. Decomposition and phosphorus release from four different size fractions of Microcystis spp. Taken from Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environment Sciences,2008,20(7):891-896.
[2]沈爱春,徐兆安,吴东浩.蓝藻大量堆积、死亡与黑水团形成的关系[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):68-72.
[3]陈伟民,蔡后建.微生物对太湖微囊藻的好氧降解研究[J].湖泊科学,1996,8(3):248-252.
[4]Krivtsovetal,Bellinger E G,Sigee D C. Elemental composition of Microcystis aeruginosa under conditions of lake nutrient depletion[J]. Aquatic Ecology,2005,39:123-134.
[5]孔繁翔,马荣华,高俊峰,等.太湖蓝藻水华的预防、预测和预警的理论与实践[J].湖泊科学,2009,21(3):314-328.
[6]尚媛媛,关保华,郑建伟等.蓝藻堆积对水环境和沉水植物生长的影响[J].中国农学通报2015,31(5):195-198.
[7]孙小静,秦伯强,朱广伟.蓝藻死亡分解过程中胶体态磷、氮、有机碳的释放[J].中国环境科学,2007,3:341-345.
[8]刘国锋,申秋实,张雷,等.藻源性黑水团环境效应:对水-沉积物界面氮磷变化的驱动作用[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):2917-2923.
[9]Veuger B,Eyre B D,Maher D,et al. Nitrogen incorporation and retention by bacteria,algae and fauna in a subtropical intertidal sediment:An in situ15N-labeling study[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2007,52(5):1930-1942.
[10]刘冬梅,姜霞,金相灿,等.太湖藻对水E沉积物界面磷交换过程的影响[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(4).8-13.
[11]李柯,关保华,刘正文.蓝藻碎屑分解速率及氮磷释放形态的实验分析[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):919-925.
[12]孙远军.淀山湖蓝藻碎屑的好氧降解和营养盐释放规律研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(11):2047~2052.
[13]范成新,张路,包先明,等.太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化-2.磷释放的热力学机制及源-汇转换.湖泊科学,2006,18(1):207-217.
[14]国家环保总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法(第4版).北京:中国环境科学出版社.2002.
[15]侯金枝,魏权,高丽,等.刚毛藻分解对上覆水磷含量及赋存形态的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(6):2184-2190
[16]陈丙法,冯慕华,尚丽霞,等.秋季聚积蓝藻打捞对蓝藻生长及水质影响的原位实验[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(2):253-262.
[17]曾巾,杨柳燕,肖琳,等.湖泊氮素生物地球化学循环及微生物作用[J].湖泊科学,2007,19(4):382-389.
[18]赵悬悬,朱光灿,许丽娟,等.蓝藻自然腐解特性研究[J],江苏农业学报,2013,29(2):312-318.
[19]Kalff J. Limnology Inland Water Ecosystems[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2002:85-93.
[20]Downes M T. Aquatic nitrogen transformations at low oxygen concentration[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol,1988,54:172-175.
[21]张胜花,常军军,孙珮石.水体藻类磷代谢及藻体磷矿化研究进展[J].生态环境学报.2013,22(7):1250-1254.
[22]Wang Y Y,Chen F Z. Decomposition and phosphorus release from four different size fractions of Microcystis spp. Taken from Lake Taihu,China[J].Journal of Environment Sciences,2008,20(7):891-896.