规模化养殖场肥水水质特征研究
|
摘要
为深入了解规模化养殖场肥水水质特征,在华北典型种养结合区河北徐水,以规模化养殖场为研究对象,采集养殖场肥水水样,研究养殖肥水中氮磷形态分布、阳离子和重金属含量特征。结果表明,猪场肥水中总氮和总磷含量平均值分别为804.6mg·L~(-1)和38.9 mg·L~(-1),牛场肥水中总氮和总磷含量平均值分别为137.5 mg·L~(-1)和38.2 mg·L~(-1)。猪场和牛场肥水的铵态氮含量平均值占肥水中总氮含量平均值的66.0%,溶解性正磷酸盐含量平均值占总磷含量平均值的90.9%;肥水中K~+、Na~+、Ca2~+和Mg2~+含量平均值分别为568.5、299.5、33.5 mg·L~(-1)和50.5 mg·L~(-1)。研究表明,养殖肥水中含有大量氮磷养分,肥水中氮磷以速效养分为主,四种阳离子含量与电导率呈正相关关系,复相关系数0.4;肥水中重金属含量均未超出《GB 5084—2005农田灌溉水质标准》的限值。
In order to further understand the characteristics of nutrients in anaerobic effluents from large-scale and intensive livestock farms, an experiment using livestock farms as the research object, was conducted to analyze nitrogen and phosphorus forms, cation contents and heavy metal contents in effluents collected from Xushui, Hebei Province, which is a typical planting and breeding area in North China Plain. The results showed that the average total nitrogen content of swine farms and dairy farms was 804.6, 137.5 mg·L~(-1) respectively and38.9, 38.2 mg·L~(-1) respectively for total phosphorus. Moreover, the average content of ammonium nitrogen accounted for 66.0% of the average of total nitrogen, whereas the average content of dissolved reactive phosphorus accounted for 90.9% of the average of total phosphorus.The average content of K~+、Na~+、Ca2~+ and Mg2~+was 568.5, 299.5, 33.5 mg·L~(-1) and 50.5 mg·L~(-1) respectively. Our results indicated that there were high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in livestock anaerobic effluents most of which was in available forms. In addition, there was positive correlation between four cation contents and electric conductivity, and multiple correlation coefficient was 0.4. Futhermore, heavy metal contents in effluents did not exceed the limits of Standard for Irrigation Water Quality(GB 5084—2005).
In order to further understand the characteristics of nutrients in anaerobic effluents from large-scale and intensive livestock farms, an experiment using livestock farms as the research object, was conducted to analyze nitrogen and phosphorus forms, cation contents and heavy metal contents in effluents collected from Xushui, Hebei Province, which is a typical planting and breeding area in North China Plain. The results showed that the average total nitrogen content of swine farms and dairy farms was 804.6, 137.5 mg·L~(-1) respectively and38.9, 38.2 mg·L~(-1) respectively for total phosphorus. Moreover, the average content of ammonium nitrogen accounted for 66.0% of the average of total nitrogen, whereas the average content of dissolved reactive phosphorus accounted for 90.9% of the average of total phosphorus.The average content of K~+、Na~+、Ca2~+ and Mg2~+was 568.5, 299.5, 33.5 mg·L~(-1) and 50.5 mg·L~(-1) respectively. Our results indicated that there were high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in livestock anaerobic effluents most of which was in available forms. In addition, there was positive correlation between four cation contents and electric conductivity, and multiple correlation coefficient was 0.4. Futhermore, heavy metal contents in effluents did not exceed the limits of Standard for Irrigation Water Quality(GB 5084—2005).
引文
[1]中国畜牧兽医年鉴编辑委员会.中国畜牧兽医年鉴2017[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017.Editorial committee of China animal husbandry and veterinary yearbook.China animal husbandry and veterinary yearbook 2017[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,2017.
[2]农业部.全国每年38亿吨畜禽废弃物综合利用率只有6成[J].家禽科学,2018(3):5.Ministry of Agriculture.Only 60%of the country′s 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry waste is used annually[J].Poultry Science,2018(3):5.
[3]Martinez J,Dabert P,Barrington S,et al.Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality,food safety,and sustainability[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5527-5536.
[4]M?ller K,Müller T.Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth:A review[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2012,12(3):242-257.
[5]Camarillo M K,Stringfellow W T,Spier C L,et al.Impact of co-digestion on existing salt and nutrient mass balances for a full-scale dairy energy project[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,128:233-242.
[6]郑玉,罗求实,贺爱兰,等.不同规模养猪场沼肥营养成分与安全利用研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(1):182-183.ZHENG Yu,LUO Qiu-shi,HE Ai-lan,et al.Nutrient composition and safe utilization of biogas fertilizer in pig farms[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(1):182-183.
[7]吴华山,郭德杰,马艳,等.猪粪沼液贮存过程中养分变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2493-2499.WU Hua-shan,GUO De-jie,MA Yan,et al.Changes of nutrients in anaerobically digested slurry of pig manure during storage[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(12):2493-2499.
[8]李祎雯,曲英华,徐奕琳,等.不同发酵原料沼液的养分含量及变化[J].中国沼气,2012,30(3):17-20,24.LI Yi-wen,QU Ying-hua,XU Yi-lin,et al.Change of nutrition contents of biogas slurry with different fermentation raw materials[J].China Biogas,2012,30(3):17-20,24.
[9]李裕荣,刘永霞,赵泽英,等.畜禽粪便厌氧发酵的产气特点及其发酵物养分的变化动态[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2305-2310.LI Yu-rong,LIU Yong-xia,ZHAO Ze-ying,et al.Biogas generation from anaerobic fermentation of animal manures and nutrient dynamics in residues[J].Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2015,25(6):2305-2310.
[10]Ye Y,Nora F Y,Wong Y S.Livestock wastewater treatment by a mangrove pot-cultivation system and the effect of salinity on the nutrient removal efficiency[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,42(6):513-521.
[11]黎鑫林,熊忠华,刘勇,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区沼肥养分及重金属状况研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(6):1387-1392,1408.LI Xin-lin,XIONG Zhong-hua,LIU Yong,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in biogas tank slurry and dregs from Poyang Lake eco-economic zone[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014,36(6):1387-1392,1408.
[12]盛靖,孙国峰,郑建初.典型粪污处理模式下规模养猪场农牧结合规模配置研究Ⅱ.粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):886-891.SHENG Jing,SUN Guo-feng,ZHENG Jian-chu.Pig farm-cropland configuration under typical waste treatment mode:A case study of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(7):886-891.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].四版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.The State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method[M].4th Edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[14]杜会英,冯洁,郭海刚,等.麦季牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作土壤氮素平衡的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):159-165.DU Hui-ying,FENG Jie,GUO Hai-gang,et al.Effects of dairy effluents irrigation on N balance in soil under winter wheat-summer maize rotation system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(3):159-165.
[15]杜会英,冯洁,郭海刚,等.麦季牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米产量与磷吸收利用及土壤剖面分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2379-2386.DU Hui-ying,FENG Jie,GUO Hai-gang,et al.Effects of irrigation using dairy effluent on grain yield,phosphorus utilization and distribution in soil profile in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(8):2379-2386.
[16]孙海军,闵炬,施卫明,等.稻麦轮作体系养殖肥水灌溉对产量、氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(3):503-508.SUN Hai-jun,MIN Ju,SHI Wei-ming,et al.Effect of sewage irrigation on crop yield,ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in rice-wheat rotation[J].Soils,2015,47(3):503-508.
[17]Saunders O E,Fortuna A M,Harrison J H,et al.Comparison of raw dairy manure slurry and an aerobically digested slurry as N sources for grass forage production[J].International Journal of Agronomy,2012:1-10.
[18]靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):291-296.JIN Hong-mei,CHANG Zhi-zhou,YE Xiao-mei,et al.Physical and chemical charecteristics of anaerobically digested slurry from largescale biogas project in Jiangsu Province[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):291-296.
[19]Wu J,Yang Q,Yang G,et al.Effects of biogas slurry on yield and quality of oil-seed rape[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2013,44:117-121.
[20]吴建敏,徐俊,翟云忠,等.畜禽规模养殖废水污染因子监测评价分析[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(4):48-51.WU Jian-min,XU Jun,ZHAI Yun-zhong,et al.Monitoring and evaluation of waster wate pollution factors in livestock and poultry scale cultivation[J].Acta Ecologiac Animalis Domastici,2009,30(4):48-51.
[21]农业部办公厅.畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南[EB/OL].(2018-01-22)[2018-06-23].http://www.moa.gov.cn/gk/tzgg_1/tfw/201801/t20180122_6135486.htm.General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture.Technical guide for estimation of livestock and poultry waste land carrying capacity[EB/OL].(2018-01-22)[2018-06-23].http://www.moa.gov.cn/gk/tzgg_1/tfw/201801/t20180122_6135486.htm.
[22]Ma W Q,Ma L,Li J H,et al.Phosphorus flows and use efficiencies in production and consumption of wheat,rice,and maize in China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84:814-821.
[23]李文超,刘申,刘宏斌,等.国内外磷指数评价指标体系研究进展[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):489-498.LI Wen-chao,LIU Shen,LIU Hong-bin,et al.Review on phosphorus indices as risk-assessment tools at home and abroad[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):489-498.
[24]司友斌,王慎强,陈怀满.农田氮、磷的流失与水体富营养化[J].土壤,2000(4):188-193.SI You-bin,WANG Shen-qiang,CHEN Huai-man.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and water eutrophication in farmland[J].Soil,2000(4):188-193.
[25]张乃明,洪波,张玉娟.农田土壤磷素非点源污染研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2004(4):453-456.ZHANG Nai-ming,HONG Bo,ZHANG Yu-juan.Study progress of phosphorus non-point source pollution in farmland[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2004(4):453-456.
[26]Kurt M,Torsten M.Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth:A review[J].Digestate Nutrient Availability,2012,12(3):242-257.
[27]沈其林,单胜道,周健驹,等.猪粪发酵沼液成分测定与分析[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):83-86.SHEN Qi-lin,SHAN Sheng-dao,ZHOU Jian-ju,et al.Determination and analysis of compositions in biogas slurry produced by swine manure digestion[J].China Biogas,2014,32(3):83-86.
[28]李春霖.牛场肥水灌溉对华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田土壤盐分的影响[D].天津:天津农学院,2017.LI Chun-lin.Effects of dairy slurry application on soil salt under wheat-maize rotation in North China Plain[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Agricultural University,2017.
[29]Kiziloglu F M,Turan M,Sahin U,et al.Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower(Brassica alerecea L.var.botrytis)and red cabbage(Brassica alerecea L.var.rubra)grown on calcareous soil in Turkey[J].Agricutural Water Management,2008,95:716-724.
[30]Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Ferrer Costa A,et al,Assessment of the fertiliser potential of digestates from farm and agroindustrial residues[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2012,40:181-189.
[31]彭丽,孙勃岩,王权,等.陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(5):123-129,138.PENG Li,SUN Bo-yan,WANG Quan,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feeds and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi[J].Journal of Northweast A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(5):123-129,138.
[32]单英杰,章明奎.不同来源畜禽粪的养分和污染物组成[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(1):80-86.SHAN Ying-jie,ZHANG Ming-kui.Contents of nutrient elements and pollutants in different sources of animal manures[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(1):80-86.
[33]郭瑞华,靳红梅,吴华山,等.规模猪场污水多级处理系统中重金属总量及其形态变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):210-216.GUO Rui-hua,JIN Hong-mei,WU Hua-shan,et al.Total content of heavy metals and their chemical form changes in multilevel wastewater treatment system in intensive swine farm[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(6):210-216.
[34]吴树彪,崔畅,张笑千,等.农田施用沼液增产提质效应及水土环境影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(8):118-123.WU Shu-biao,CUI Chang,ZHANG Xiao-qian,et al.Effect of biogas slurry on yield increase,quality improvement,water and soil environment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(8):118-123.
[35]曲明山,郭宁,陈保华,等.沼液与化肥长期配施对蔬菜生产和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国沼气,2013,31(1):44-47.QU Ming-shan,GUO Ning,CHEN Bao-hua,et al.Effect of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on vegetable production and soil fertility[J].China Biogas,2013,31(1):44-47.
[36]李萍,蒋涛,陈云跃,等.沼液灌溉对作物生长·土壤质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(4):1501-1503.LI Ping,JIANG Tao,CHEN Yun-yue,et al.Effect of utilization of biogas slurry on crop growth and soil quality[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(4):1501-1503.
[37]王玮,孙岩斌,周祺,等.国内畜禽厌氧消化沼液还田研究进展[J].中国沼气,2015,33(2):51-57.WANG Wei,SUN Yan-bin,ZHOU Qi,et al.A review on irrigation of biogas slurry from livestock manure anaerobic fermentation in China[J].China Biogas,2015,33(2):51-57.
[38]段然,王刚,杨世琦,等.沼肥对农田土壤的潜在污染分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(3):310-315.DUAN Ran,WANG Gang,YANG Shi-qi,et al.Preliminary research of potential pollution on farmland soil after using biogas[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008,30(3):310-315.
[2]农业部.全国每年38亿吨畜禽废弃物综合利用率只有6成[J].家禽科学,2018(3):5.Ministry of Agriculture.Only 60%of the country′s 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry waste is used annually[J].Poultry Science,2018(3):5.
[3]Martinez J,Dabert P,Barrington S,et al.Livestock waste treatment systems for environmental quality,food safety,and sustainability[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5527-5536.
[4]M?ller K,Müller T.Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth:A review[J].Engineering in Life Sciences,2012,12(3):242-257.
[5]Camarillo M K,Stringfellow W T,Spier C L,et al.Impact of co-digestion on existing salt and nutrient mass balances for a full-scale dairy energy project[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2013,128:233-242.
[6]郑玉,罗求实,贺爱兰,等.不同规模养猪场沼肥营养成分与安全利用研究[J].现代农业科技,2018(1):182-183.ZHENG Yu,LUO Qiu-shi,HE Ai-lan,et al.Nutrient composition and safe utilization of biogas fertilizer in pig farms[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(1):182-183.
[7]吴华山,郭德杰,马艳,等.猪粪沼液贮存过程中养分变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(12):2493-2499.WU Hua-shan,GUO De-jie,MA Yan,et al.Changes of nutrients in anaerobically digested slurry of pig manure during storage[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(12):2493-2499.
[8]李祎雯,曲英华,徐奕琳,等.不同发酵原料沼液的养分含量及变化[J].中国沼气,2012,30(3):17-20,24.LI Yi-wen,QU Ying-hua,XU Yi-lin,et al.Change of nutrition contents of biogas slurry with different fermentation raw materials[J].China Biogas,2012,30(3):17-20,24.
[9]李裕荣,刘永霞,赵泽英,等.畜禽粪便厌氧发酵的产气特点及其发酵物养分的变化动态[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2305-2310.LI Yu-rong,LIU Yong-xia,ZHAO Ze-ying,et al.Biogas generation from anaerobic fermentation of animal manures and nutrient dynamics in residues[J].Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2015,25(6):2305-2310.
[10]Ye Y,Nora F Y,Wong Y S.Livestock wastewater treatment by a mangrove pot-cultivation system and the effect of salinity on the nutrient removal efficiency[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,42(6):513-521.
[11]黎鑫林,熊忠华,刘勇,等.鄱阳湖生态经济区沼肥养分及重金属状况研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(6):1387-1392,1408.LI Xin-lin,XIONG Zhong-hua,LIU Yong,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in biogas tank slurry and dregs from Poyang Lake eco-economic zone[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2014,36(6):1387-1392,1408.
[12]盛靖,孙国峰,郑建初.典型粪污处理模式下规模养猪场农牧结合规模配置研究Ⅱ.粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):886-891.SHENG Jing,SUN Guo-feng,ZHENG Jian-chu.Pig farm-cropland configuration under typical waste treatment mode:A case study of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(7):886-891.
[13]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].四版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.The State Environmental Protection Administration.Water and wastewater monitoring and analysis method[M].4th Edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.
[14]杜会英,冯洁,郭海刚,等.麦季牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作土壤氮素平衡的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):159-165.DU Hui-ying,FENG Jie,GUO Hai-gang,et al.Effects of dairy effluents irrigation on N balance in soil under winter wheat-summer maize rotation system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(3):159-165.
[15]杜会英,冯洁,郭海刚,等.麦季牛场肥水灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米产量与磷吸收利用及土壤剖面分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(8):2379-2386.DU Hui-ying,FENG Jie,GUO Hai-gang,et al.Effects of irrigation using dairy effluent on grain yield,phosphorus utilization and distribution in soil profile in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(8):2379-2386.
[16]孙海军,闵炬,施卫明,等.稻麦轮作体系养殖肥水灌溉对产量、氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(3):503-508.SUN Hai-jun,MIN Ju,SHI Wei-ming,et al.Effect of sewage irrigation on crop yield,ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission in rice-wheat rotation[J].Soils,2015,47(3):503-508.
[17]Saunders O E,Fortuna A M,Harrison J H,et al.Comparison of raw dairy manure slurry and an aerobically digested slurry as N sources for grass forage production[J].International Journal of Agronomy,2012:1-10.
[18]靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):291-296.JIN Hong-mei,CHANG Zhi-zhou,YE Xiao-mei,et al.Physical and chemical charecteristics of anaerobically digested slurry from largescale biogas project in Jiangsu Province[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(1):291-296.
[19]Wu J,Yang Q,Yang G,et al.Effects of biogas slurry on yield and quality of oil-seed rape[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2013,44:117-121.
[20]吴建敏,徐俊,翟云忠,等.畜禽规模养殖废水污染因子监测评价分析[J].家畜生态学报,2009,30(4):48-51.WU Jian-min,XU Jun,ZHAI Yun-zhong,et al.Monitoring and evaluation of waster wate pollution factors in livestock and poultry scale cultivation[J].Acta Ecologiac Animalis Domastici,2009,30(4):48-51.
[21]农业部办公厅.畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南[EB/OL].(2018-01-22)[2018-06-23].http://www.moa.gov.cn/gk/tzgg_1/tfw/201801/t20180122_6135486.htm.General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture.Technical guide for estimation of livestock and poultry waste land carrying capacity[EB/OL].(2018-01-22)[2018-06-23].http://www.moa.gov.cn/gk/tzgg_1/tfw/201801/t20180122_6135486.htm.
[22]Ma W Q,Ma L,Li J H,et al.Phosphorus flows and use efficiencies in production and consumption of wheat,rice,and maize in China[J].Chemosphere,2011,84:814-821.
[23]李文超,刘申,刘宏斌,等.国内外磷指数评价指标体系研究进展[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):489-498.LI Wen-chao,LIU Shen,LIU Hong-bin,et al.Review on phosphorus indices as risk-assessment tools at home and abroad[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):489-498.
[24]司友斌,王慎强,陈怀满.农田氮、磷的流失与水体富营养化[J].土壤,2000(4):188-193.SI You-bin,WANG Shen-qiang,CHEN Huai-man.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses and water eutrophication in farmland[J].Soil,2000(4):188-193.
[25]张乃明,洪波,张玉娟.农田土壤磷素非点源污染研究进展[J].云南农业大学学报,2004(4):453-456.ZHANG Nai-ming,HONG Bo,ZHANG Yu-juan.Study progress of phosphorus non-point source pollution in farmland[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2004(4):453-456.
[26]Kurt M,Torsten M.Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth:A review[J].Digestate Nutrient Availability,2012,12(3):242-257.
[27]沈其林,单胜道,周健驹,等.猪粪发酵沼液成分测定与分析[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):83-86.SHEN Qi-lin,SHAN Sheng-dao,ZHOU Jian-ju,et al.Determination and analysis of compositions in biogas slurry produced by swine manure digestion[J].China Biogas,2014,32(3):83-86.
[28]李春霖.牛场肥水灌溉对华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田土壤盐分的影响[D].天津:天津农学院,2017.LI Chun-lin.Effects of dairy slurry application on soil salt under wheat-maize rotation in North China Plain[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Agricultural University,2017.
[29]Kiziloglu F M,Turan M,Sahin U,et al.Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower(Brassica alerecea L.var.botrytis)and red cabbage(Brassica alerecea L.var.rubra)grown on calcareous soil in Turkey[J].Agricutural Water Management,2008,95:716-724.
[30]Alburquerque J A,de la Fuente C,Ferrer Costa A,et al,Assessment of the fertiliser potential of digestates from farm and agroindustrial residues[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2012,40:181-189.
[31]彭丽,孙勃岩,王权,等.陕西杨凌规模化养殖场饲料及粪便中养分和重金属含量分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(5):123-129,138.PENG Li,SUN Bo-yan,WANG Quan,et al.Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in feeds and manure at intensive livestock farms in Yangling,Shaanxi[J].Journal of Northweast A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(5):123-129,138.
[32]单英杰,章明奎.不同来源畜禽粪的养分和污染物组成[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(1):80-86.SHAN Ying-jie,ZHANG Ming-kui.Contents of nutrient elements and pollutants in different sources of animal manures[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(1):80-86.
[33]郭瑞华,靳红梅,吴华山,等.规模猪场污水多级处理系统中重金属总量及其形态变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(6):210-216.GUO Rui-hua,JIN Hong-mei,WU Hua-shan,et al.Total content of heavy metals and their chemical form changes in multilevel wastewater treatment system in intensive swine farm[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(6):210-216.
[34]吴树彪,崔畅,张笑千,等.农田施用沼液增产提质效应及水土环境影响[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(8):118-123.WU Shu-biao,CUI Chang,ZHANG Xiao-qian,et al.Effect of biogas slurry on yield increase,quality improvement,water and soil environment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(8):118-123.
[35]曲明山,郭宁,陈保华,等.沼液与化肥长期配施对蔬菜生产和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国沼气,2013,31(1):44-47.QU Ming-shan,GUO Ning,CHEN Bao-hua,et al.Effect of combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer on vegetable production and soil fertility[J].China Biogas,2013,31(1):44-47.
[36]李萍,蒋涛,陈云跃,等.沼液灌溉对作物生长·土壤质量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(4):1501-1503.LI Ping,JIANG Tao,CHEN Yun-yue,et al.Effect of utilization of biogas slurry on crop growth and soil quality[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(4):1501-1503.
[37]王玮,孙岩斌,周祺,等.国内畜禽厌氧消化沼液还田研究进展[J].中国沼气,2015,33(2):51-57.WANG Wei,SUN Yan-bin,ZHOU Qi,et al.A review on irrigation of biogas slurry from livestock manure anaerobic fermentation in China[J].China Biogas,2015,33(2):51-57.
[38]段然,王刚,杨世琦,等.沼肥对农田土壤的潜在污染分析[J].吉林农业大学学报,2008,30(3):310-315.DUAN Ran,WANG Gang,YANG Shi-qi,et al.Preliminary research of potential pollution on farmland soil after using biogas[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2008,30(3):310-315.