多分量地震资料逆时偏移的难点问题
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摘要
以矢量地震波场理论为基础的多分量地震勘探技术在探明复杂地下构造和地层各向异性指示等方面具有理论基础的先天优势,弹性波逆时偏移是最具代表性的多分量地震资料纵横波联合成像技术,目前该技术得到了业界的广泛重视。本文首先简要介绍了弹性波逆时偏移的基本原理,在此基础上系统地归纳了目前多分量地震逆时偏移技术所遇到的部分理论与技术难题,并深入分析了产生这些技术难题的原因以及当前的解决方案及其优缺点,最后本文给出了多分量地震资料逆时偏移今后研究方向的初步建议。
Multi-component seismic exploration based on the vector seismic wave theory has congenital advantage of theoretical basis in proving complex subsurface structure and indicating anisotropy.Elastic wave reverse-time migration(RTM)is the most typical method among the multi-component seismic Pwave and S-wave joint imaging technologies.Recently,it has attracted the attention of the geophysical researchers.Firstly,this paper briefly introduces the basic principle of elastic wave reverse time migration.Based on this,it systematically summarizes some of the theoretical and technical difficulties encountered by current multi-component seismic reverse time migration techniques,and analyzes these technical problems,the reasons for this,as well as the current solutions and their advantages and disadvantages in depth.At the end of this paper,the preliminary suggestions for future research directions of multi-component seismic data reverse time migration are given.
Multi-component seismic exploration based on the vector seismic wave theory has congenital advantage of theoretical basis in proving complex subsurface structure and indicating anisotropy.Elastic wave reverse-time migration(RTM)is the most typical method among the multi-component seismic Pwave and S-wave joint imaging technologies.Recently,it has attracted the attention of the geophysical researchers.Firstly,this paper briefly introduces the basic principle of elastic wave reverse time migration.Based on this,it systematically summarizes some of the theoretical and technical difficulties encountered by current multi-component seismic reverse time migration techniques,and analyzes these technical problems,the reasons for this,as well as the current solutions and their advantages and disadvantages in depth.At the end of this paper,the preliminary suggestions for future research directions of multi-component seismic data reverse time migration are given.
引文
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[36]Liang W Q,Wang Y F,Yang C C.Comparison of numerical dispersion in acoustic finite-difference algorithms[J].Exploration Geophysics,2014,46(2):206-212.
[37]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-Guo,MA Zai-Tian,CAO Jing-Zhong.A study on stability of the staggered-grid high-order difference method of first-order elastic wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):411-419.
[38]吴国忱,王华忠.波场模拟中的数值频散分析与校正策略[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):58-65.WU Guo-Chen,WANG Hua-Zhong.Analysis of numerical dispersion in wave field simulation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):58-65.
[39]唐怀谷,何兵寿.一阶声波方程时间四阶精度差分格式的伪谱法求解[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017(1):71-80.TAMG Huai-Gu,HE Bing-Shou.Pseudo spectrum method of first-order acoustic wave equation finite-difference schemes with fourth-order time difference accuracy[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017(1):71-80.
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[2]Chang W F,McMechan G A.3Delastic pre-stack reverse-time depth migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(4):597-609.
[3]何兵寿,张会星.多分量波场的矢量法叠前深度偏移技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):369-374.HE Bing-Shou,ZHANG Hui-Xing.Vector pre-stack depth migration of multi-component wavefield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(4):369-374.
[4]Du Q Z,Gong X F,Zhu Y T,et al.PS Wave Imaging in 3DElastic Reverse-Time Migration[C].2012SEG Annual Meeting[s.l.]:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2012.
[5]杜启振,李宾,侯波.横向各向同性介质紧致交错网格有限差分波场模拟(英文)[J].Applied Geophysics,2009(1):42-49.DU Qi-Zhen,LI Bin,HOU Bo.Numerical modeling of seismic wavefields in transversely isotropic media with a compact staggered-grid finite difference scheme[J].Applied Geophysics,2009(1):42-49.
[6]Book D L,Boris J P,Hain K.Flux-corrected transport II:Generalizations of the method[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1975,18(3):248-283.
[7]Higdon R L.Absorbing boundary conditions for difference approximations to the multidimensional wave equation[J].Mathematics of Computation,1986,47(176):437-459.
[8]Hastings F D,Schneider J B,Broschat S L.Application of the perfectly matched layer(PML)absorbing boundary condition to elastic wave propagation[J].The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1996,100(5):3061-3069.
[9]任志明,刘洋.一阶弹性波方程数值模拟中的混合吸收边界条件[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(2):595-606.REN Zhi-Ming,LIU Yang.Numerical modeling of the first-order elastic equations with the hybrid absorbing boundary condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(2):595-606.
[10]Du Q Z,Zhu Y,Ba J.Polarity reversal correction for elastic reverse time migration[J].Geophysics,2012,77(2):S31-S41.
[11]郭鹏,何兵寿,郭敏.基于坡印廷矢量的声波方程叠前逆时偏移成像条件[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(8):1290-1295.GUO Peng,HE Bing-Shou,GUO Min.Acoustic equation prestack reverse-time migration imaging condition based on Poynting vector[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(8):1290-1295.
[12]Chen T,He B S.A normalized wavefield separation cross-correlation imaging condition for reverse time migration based on Poynting vector[J].Applied Geophysics,2014,11(2):158-166.
[13]丁亮,刘洋.基于归一化波场拆分互相关成像条件的叠前逆时偏移成像方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):411-419.DING Liang,LIU Yang.Pre-stack reverse-time migration based on normalized wavefield decomposition cross-correlation imaging condition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):411-419.
[14]Clapp R G.Reverse Time Migration with Random Boundaries[C].79th Annual International Meeting.[s.l.]:SEG Expanded Abstracts,2009.
[15]刘红伟,李博,刘洪,等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.LIU Hong-Wei,LI Bo,LIU Hong.The algorithm of high order finite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPU implementation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[16]Shi Y,Ke X.3DVSP Reverse Time Migration Using GPU Acceleration[C].Beijing:High PERFORMANCE Computing,2016:24-25.
[17]Sava P C,Fomel S.Angle-domain common-image gathers by wavefield continuation methods[J].Geophysics,2003,68(3):1065-1074.
[18]杨佳佳.多分量地震波逆时偏移的关键技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.YANG Jia-Jia.Research of Multi-components Seismic Wave Reverse-time Depth Migration[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China.2015.
[19]Parekh C P,Lewis O J.Full-waveform Inversion for High-resolution Velocity Model Building Offshore Trinidad[C].[s.l.]:78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition,2016.
[20]王连坤,方伍宝,段心标,等.全波形反演初始模型建立策略研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(4):1678-1687.WANG Lian-Kun,FANG Wu-Bao,DUAN Xin-Biao.Review of full waveform inversion initial model building strategy[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(4):1678-1687.
[21]崔永福,彭更新,吴国忱,等.全波形反演在缝洞型储层速度建模中的应用[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2713-2725.CUI Yong-Fu,PENG Geng-xin,WU Guo-Chen.Application of full waveform inversion velocity model-building technology for the fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(7):2713-2725.
[22]Deng F,McMechan G A.True-amplitude pre-stack depth migration[J].Geophysics,2007,72(3):S155-S166.
[23]杨佳佳,栾锡武,方刚,等.基于保幅波场分离的弹性波逆时偏移方法研究(英文)[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,3:8.YANG Jia-Jia,LUAN Xi-Wu,FANG Gang.Elastic reverse-time migration based on amplitude-preserving P-and S-wave separation[J].Applied Geophysics,2016,3:008.
[24]Claerbout,J.F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping[J].Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[25]Zhi L,Chen S,Li X.Joint AVO inversion of PP and PS waves using exact Zoeppritz equation[C].//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.Beijing:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2013:457-461.
[26]赵邦六.多分量地震勘探在岩性气藏勘探开发中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):397-409.ZHAO Bang-Liu.Application of multi-component seismic exploration in the exploration and production of lithologic gas reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):397-409.
[27]Dankbaar J W M.Separation of P-and S-waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(7):970-986.
[28]杨午阳.粘弹性波动方程保幅偏移技术研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2004.YANG Wu-Yang.Amplitude-Preserved Migration with Viscoelastic Wave Equations[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2004.
[29]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上下册)[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,1993.LU Ji-Meng.The Principle of Seismic Exploration[M].Beijing:Chinese University of Petroleum Press,1993.
[30]Duveneck E,Milcik P,Bakker P M,et al.Acoustic VTI wave equations and their application for anisotropic reverse-time migration[M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008.Beijing:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,2008:2186-2190.
[31]Fletcher R P,Du X,Fowler P J.Reverse time migration in tilted transversely isotropic(TTI)media[J].Geophysics,2009,74(6):WCA179-WCA187.
[32]Wang Y.Q analysis on reflection seismic data[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(17):159-180.
[33]李振春,王清振.地震波衰减机理及能量补偿研究综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1147-1152.LI Zhen-Chun,WANG Qing-Zhen.A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4):1147-1152.
[34]杨仁虎,常旭,刘伊克.叠前逆时偏移影响因素分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(8):1902-1913.YANG Ren-Hu,ChANG Xu,LIU Yi-Ke.The influence factors analyses of imaging precision in Pre-stack reverse migration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(8):1902-1913.
[35]牟海波,何兵寿.地震波逆时偏移中的层位校正与去噪方法[J].中国煤炭地质,2016,28(4):71-75.MOU Hai-Bo,HE Bing-Shou.Imaging horizon correction and denoising method in seismic wave reverse-time migration[J].Coal Geology of China,2016,28(4):71-75.
[36]Liang W Q,Wang Y F,Yang C C.Comparison of numerical dispersion in acoustic finite-difference algorithms[J].Exploration Geophysics,2014,46(2):206-212.
[37]董良国,马在田,曹景忠,等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.DONG Liang-Guo,MA Zai-Tian,CAO Jing-Zhong.A study on stability of the staggered-grid high-order difference method of first-order elastic wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(3):411-419.
[38]吴国忱,王华忠.波场模拟中的数值频散分析与校正策略[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):58-65.WU Guo-Chen,WANG Hua-Zhong.Analysis of numerical dispersion in wave field simulation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(1):58-65.
[39]唐怀谷,何兵寿.一阶声波方程时间四阶精度差分格式的伪谱法求解[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017(1):71-80.TAMG Huai-Gu,HE Bing-Shou.Pseudo spectrum method of first-order acoustic wave equation finite-difference schemes with fourth-order time difference accuracy[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017(1):71-80.
[40]Dellinger J,Etgen J.Wave-field separation in two-dimensional anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1990,55(7):914-919.
[41]HG Tang,BS He,HB Mou.P-and S-wave energy flux density vectors[J].Geophysics,2016,81(6):T357-T368.
[42]Chu C,Macy B K,Anno P D.An Accurate and Stable Wave E-quation for Pure Acoustic TTI Modeling[C].[s.l.]:Seg Technical Program Expanded,2011:179-184.
[43]Pestana R C,Ursin B,Stoffa P L.Separate P-and SV-Wave E-quations for VTI Media[C].[s.l.]:Seg Technical Program Expanded,2011:163-167.
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