不同基流分割方法在秦淮河流域的应用
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摘要
基流可以反映流域地下水的变化过程,是研究流域水量平衡、地下水对气候变化与人类活动响应及预测的关键因子,因此选择合适的基流分离方法对研究流域内地下水变化特征有着重要的意义.本文基于秦淮河流域武定门闸实测逐日流量数据,选用数字滤波法、基流指数法(BFI)和HYSEP法3类6种基流分割法对流量的基流部分进行了分离.结果表明:6种方法均可以实现对基流的自动分割,方法较为简便,可以克服人工法的主观性,但是得到的基流过程线却有一定差异.HYSEP法中固定步长法和滑动步长法分割出的基流过程基本没有反映出汛期径流随地下水流动过程消退的现象,与径流曲线的变化情况对应较差;BFI法虽能够实现对地下径流的自动分割,但是不能很好地反映真实的产汇流规律;而数字滤波法和局部最小值法得到的基流过程线更为平滑,更加符合水文气象学中降雨-径流在流域汇流时的阻尼和迟滞效应.总之,从极值比、变幅和基流过程变化而言,数字滤波法标准差较小,分割结果较为稳定,且其基流分割过程线更加合理,是6种方法中较为可靠的分割方法,更适用于秦淮河流域的基流分割.运用数字滤波法对秦淮河流域近十年基流进行分析,结果表明,流域的年基流指数均大于0.35且呈现增长趋势.
The base flow is a key factor to study the water balance.The response and prediction of groundwater to climate change and human activities could reflect the change process of groundwater in the basin.Therefore,choosing aappropriate base flow separation method has great significance to study the characteristics of groundwater changes in the basin.Based on the measured daily flow data of Wuding River Gate in Qinhuai River Basin,six kinds of basic flow segmentation methods have been chosen in this paper:digital filtering method,base flow index method(BFI)and HYSEP method to separate the basic flow.The results show that the six methods can realize the automatic segmentation of the base flow,which is simple and can overcome the subjectivity of the artificial method,but the process has some differences.Fixed step and the sliding step method in the HYSEP basically does not reflect the phenomenon that the runoff in the flood season subsides with the groundwater process,and corresponds to the change of the runoff curve;The BFI can achieve the subsurface runoff automatic segmentation,However,this method does not reflect the true law of production and sink flow;We found the basic flow process lines obtained by the digital filter and the local minimum method are smooth.The digital filtering method has a smaller standard deviation,the segmentation result is more stable and reasonable.Compared with other methods,it is more suitable for the base flow segmentation in Qinhuai River Basin.The results show that the annual base flow index of the watershed was greater than 0.35 and has an increasing trend.
The base flow is a key factor to study the water balance.The response and prediction of groundwater to climate change and human activities could reflect the change process of groundwater in the basin.Therefore,choosing aappropriate base flow separation method has great significance to study the characteristics of groundwater changes in the basin.Based on the measured daily flow data of Wuding River Gate in Qinhuai River Basin,six kinds of basic flow segmentation methods have been chosen in this paper:digital filtering method,base flow index method(BFI)and HYSEP method to separate the basic flow.The results show that the six methods can realize the automatic segmentation of the base flow,which is simple and can overcome the subjectivity of the artificial method,but the process has some differences.Fixed step and the sliding step method in the HYSEP basically does not reflect the phenomenon that the runoff in the flood season subsides with the groundwater process,and corresponds to the change of the runoff curve;The BFI can achieve the subsurface runoff automatic segmentation,However,this method does not reflect the true law of production and sink flow;We found the basic flow process lines obtained by the digital filter and the local minimum method are smooth.The digital filtering method has a smaller standard deviation,the segmentation result is more stable and reasonable.Compared with other methods,it is more suitable for the base flow segmentation in Qinhuai River Basin.The results show that the annual base flow index of the watershed was greater than 0.35 and has an increasing trend.
引文
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[12]雷泳南,张晓萍,张建军,等.自动基流分割法在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型流域适用性分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):57-64.
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[14]王燕,赵雪花,张永波,等.不同基流分割方法在渭河流域的应用对比分析[J].水力发电,2017,43(2):15-17,80.
[15]段琪彩,方绍东,王杰,等.昆明市松华坝水源地水源涵养能力时空变化研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(10):170-173.
[16]黄国如.流量过程线的自动分割方法探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(1):73—78.
[17]崔玉洁,刘德富,宋林旭,等.数字滤波法在三峡库区香溪河流域基流分割中的应用[J].水文,2011,31(6):18-23.
[18]董晓华,邓霞,薄会娟,等.平滑最小值法与数字滤波法在流域径流分割中的应用比较[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(2):1-4.
[19]HAO L,SUN G,LIU Y,et al.Urbanization Dramatically Altered the Water Balances of a Paddy Field-Dominated Basin in Southern China[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2015,19(7):3319-3331.
[20]NATHAN R J,MCMHON T A.Evaluation of Automated Techniques for Base-Flow and Recession Analyses[J].Water Resources Research,1990,26(7):1465-1473.
[21]HUGHES D A,HANNART P,WATKINS D.Continuous Base-Flow Separation from Time Series of Daily and Monthly Stream Flow Data[J].Water Research Commission,2003,29(1):43-48.
[22]黄文,李占玲,徐宗学,等.基流分割方法在寒旱区流域的适用性分析[J].水文,2018,38(3):21-28.
[23]张革,刘德富,宋林旭,等.不同基流分割方法在香溪河流域的应用对比研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(2):164-171.
[24]杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(5):707-712.
[25]李瑞,张士锋.两种自动基流分割方法在干旱半干旱地区的对比研究[J].地理科学进展.2017,36(7):864-872.
[26]周星,沈忱,倪广恒,等.结合退水曲线的数字滤波基流分割方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,57(3):318-323,330.
[27]王冠,鲁程鹏,李姝蕾,等.五种基流分割方法在长江螺山站的应用对比研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):118-123.
[2] MWAKALILA S,FEYEN J,WYSEURE G.The Influence of Physical Catchment Properties on Baseflow in Semi-Arid Environments[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,52(2):245-258.
[3]徐宗学,武玮,于松延.生态基流研究:进展与挑战[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(4):1-11.
[4]陈利群,刘昌明,郝芳华,等.黄河源区基流变化及影响因子分析[J].冰川冻土,2006,28(2):141-148.
[5] ABDULLA F A,LETTENBDULLA D P,LIANG X.Estimation of the ARNO Model Baseflow Parameters Using Daily Streamflow Data[J].Journal of Hydrology,1999,222(1-4):37-54.
[6]许有鹏,石怡,都金康.秦淮河流域城市化对水文水资源影响:首届中国湖泊论坛论文集[C].南京:东南大学出版社,2011.
[7]钱开铸,吕京京,陈婷,等.基流计算方法的进展与应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2011,38(4):20-25.
[8]徐榕焓,王小刚,郑伟.基流分割方法研究进展[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(5):352-359.
[9]杨桂莲,郝芳华,刘昌明,等.基于SWAT模型的基流估算及评价——以洛河流域为例[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(5):463-471.
[10]夏军,叶爱中,乔云峰,等.黄河无定河流域分布式时变增益水文模型的应用研究[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2007,15(4):457-465.
[11]左海凤,武淑林,邵景力,等.山丘区河川基流BFI程序分割方法的运用与分析——以汾河流域河岔水文站为例[J].水文,2007,27(1):69-71.
[12]雷泳南,张晓萍,张建军,等.自动基流分割法在黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型流域适用性分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(6):57-64.
[13]林学钰,廖资生,钱云平,等.基流分割法在黄河流域地下水研究中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(6):959-967.
[14]王燕,赵雪花,张永波,等.不同基流分割方法在渭河流域的应用对比分析[J].水力发电,2017,43(2):15-17,80.
[15]段琪彩,方绍东,王杰,等.昆明市松华坝水源地水源涵养能力时空变化研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(10):170-173.
[16]黄国如.流量过程线的自动分割方法探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(1):73—78.
[17]崔玉洁,刘德富,宋林旭,等.数字滤波法在三峡库区香溪河流域基流分割中的应用[J].水文,2011,31(6):18-23.
[18]董晓华,邓霞,薄会娟,等.平滑最小值法与数字滤波法在流域径流分割中的应用比较[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(2):1-4.
[19]HAO L,SUN G,LIU Y,et al.Urbanization Dramatically Altered the Water Balances of a Paddy Field-Dominated Basin in Southern China[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2015,19(7):3319-3331.
[20]NATHAN R J,MCMHON T A.Evaluation of Automated Techniques for Base-Flow and Recession Analyses[J].Water Resources Research,1990,26(7):1465-1473.
[21]HUGHES D A,HANNART P,WATKINS D.Continuous Base-Flow Separation from Time Series of Daily and Monthly Stream Flow Data[J].Water Research Commission,2003,29(1):43-48.
[22]黄文,李占玲,徐宗学,等.基流分割方法在寒旱区流域的适用性分析[J].水文,2018,38(3):21-28.
[23]张革,刘德富,宋林旭,等.不同基流分割方法在香溪河流域的应用对比研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(2):164-171.
[24]杨蕊,王龙,韩春玲.9种基流分割方法在南盘江上游的应用对比[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,28(5):707-712.
[25]李瑞,张士锋.两种自动基流分割方法在干旱半干旱地区的对比研究[J].地理科学进展.2017,36(7):864-872.
[26]周星,沈忱,倪广恒,等.结合退水曲线的数字滤波基流分割方法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,57(3):318-323,330.
[27]王冠,鲁程鹏,李姝蕾,等.五种基流分割方法在长江螺山站的应用对比研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(3):118-123.