低温处理时间对郁金香生物学性状及种球繁殖的影响
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摘要
以郁金香品种"世界真爱"和"黄玉"为试材,采用低温处理的方法,研究了低温处理时间对植株生物学性状及种球繁殖的影响,以期探索出不同郁金香品种的最低需冷量,为郁金香盆花、切花周年生产提供参考依据。结果表明:"世界真爱"不经过低温处理(CK)的植株和低温处理2周的植株不能现蕾开花,低温处理4、6、8周的植株开花率分别为63.3%、80.0%、93.3%,低温处理10周,能够满足植株正常生长开花所需全部冷量,植株开花率同处理12周的植株开花率,均为100.0%;"黄玉"不经过低温处理(CK)的植株和低温处理2、4周的植株不能现蕾开花,低温处理6、8周的植株开花率分别为73.3%和83.3%,低温处理10周,能满足植株正常生长开花所需全部冷量,与处理12周的植株在开花率方面差异不显著,二者的开花率分别为96.7%和100.0%。低温处理不仅可以缩短郁金香生长周期,提高植株的生物学性状质量,而且能促进新球的形成和发育。随着低温处理时间的延长,"世界真爱"的种球繁殖系数由2.1增加至4.2,"黄玉"的种球繁殖系数由2.4增加至4.4。但对供试的2个品种植株而言,低温处理10周的植株,与处理12周的植株在开花、生物学性状和子球繁殖系数方面差异不明显。
Bulbs of cultivars‘World Favorite'and‘Huangyu'were used as materials and the effect of cooling treatment duration on biological traits and propagation were studied using cooling treatment method in order to verify the minimum cooling requirement of different tulip cautivars and provide theoretical basis for the year-round production of potted and cut flower in tulip.The results showed that‘World Favorite'could not flower when bulbs were treated by low temperature with 0or 2weeks.The flowering rates were 63.3%,80.0% and 93.3% for 4,6 and 8 weeks,respectively.The flowering rate was 100.0% for both 10 and 12weeks,indicating 10-week cooling treatment was the minimum cooling duration requirement for‘World Favorite'.‘Huangyu'could not flower when bulbs were treated by low temperature with 0,2 or 4 weeks.The flowering rates were 73.3% and 83.3% for 6 and 8 weeks,respectively.However,the flowering rates were not significantly different between 10 and 12 weeks with the rates of 96.7% and 100.0%,respectively,which indicated 10-week cooling treatment was the minimum cooling duration requirement for‘Huangyu'.Cooling treatment not only could shorten the tulip growth cycle and improve the qualities of biological traits,but also could promote the formation and development of new bulblets.With the extension of cooling treatment duration,the bulb propagation coefficient increased from 2.1 to 4.2 for‘World Favorite'and from 2.4to 4.4for‘Huangyu',respectively.But for the two tulip cultivars tested in this study,there was no significant difference in flowering,biological traits and bulb propagation coefficient between 10 and 12 weeks.
Bulbs of cultivars‘World Favorite'and‘Huangyu'were used as materials and the effect of cooling treatment duration on biological traits and propagation were studied using cooling treatment method in order to verify the minimum cooling requirement of different tulip cautivars and provide theoretical basis for the year-round production of potted and cut flower in tulip.The results showed that‘World Favorite'could not flower when bulbs were treated by low temperature with 0or 2weeks.The flowering rates were 63.3%,80.0% and 93.3% for 4,6 and 8 weeks,respectively.The flowering rate was 100.0% for both 10 and 12weeks,indicating 10-week cooling treatment was the minimum cooling duration requirement for‘World Favorite'.‘Huangyu'could not flower when bulbs were treated by low temperature with 0,2 or 4 weeks.The flowering rates were 73.3% and 83.3% for 6 and 8 weeks,respectively.However,the flowering rates were not significantly different between 10 and 12 weeks with the rates of 96.7% and 100.0%,respectively,which indicated 10-week cooling treatment was the minimum cooling duration requirement for‘Huangyu'.Cooling treatment not only could shorten the tulip growth cycle and improve the qualities of biological traits,but also could promote the formation and development of new bulblets.With the extension of cooling treatment duration,the bulb propagation coefficient increased from 2.1 to 4.2 for‘World Favorite'and from 2.4to 4.4for‘Huangyu',respectively.But for the two tulip cultivars tested in this study,there was no significant difference in flowering,biological traits and bulb propagation coefficient between 10 and 12 weeks.
引文
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[2]莫宝盈.郁金香花期调控技术研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(6):73-75.
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[7]梁顺祥,唐道城,王玉花,等.温度和时间对郁金香种球芽发育及切花品质的影响[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2007(3):6-10.
[8]张静,唐道城,任柳霞,等.温度对郁金香休眠鳞茎碳水化合物代谢及芽体发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(17):75-80.
[9]毛洪玉,宁国龙,刘迪.冷藏对郁金香鳞茎可溶性糖和蛋白质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(1):88-93.
[10]宁国龙,刘迪,艾博,等.冷藏对郁金香鳞茎碳水化合物含量及淀粉酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(21):93-96.
[11]孙燚,张延龙,牛立新.低温贮藏期间不同含水量郁金香种球的几种生理生化指标变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2008(2):240-242.
[12]孙立攀,史益敏,陶懿伟.冷藏对郁金香种球复壮的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(4):308-310.
[13]黄晓亮.郁金香不同等级种球繁殖性能及低温贮藏过程中生理变化研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[14]孙燚.影响郁金香种球低温贮藏关键因素的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[15]赵兰勇.鲜切花低温贮藏保鲜技术研究[J].中国园林,1999(6):31-33.
[16]郑田丰,顾俊杰.冷藏对延迟栽培郁金香花期及开花质量的影响[J].现代园林,2014,11(8):22-27.
[17]屈连伟,苏君伟,邢桂梅,等.郁金香盆花标准化栽培[J].中国花卉园艺,2015(18):28-29.
[18]HERTSEMA A M.Influence of temperature on flowering formation and flowering of bulbous and tuberous plants[J].Encyclopedis of Plant Physiology,1961(16):123-127.
[19]KAWATA J.Optimum temperature and duration of low temperature treatment for forcing tulips[J].Acta Horticulture,1975,47:201-208.
[20]林角郎.切花栽培技术[M].台北:台湾淑馨出版社,1995.
[21]孙红梅,李天来,李云飞,等.百合鳞茎低温处理效应初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(3):169-172.
[22]杨伟儿,张乔松.百合花及其促成栽培初探[J].广东园林,1996(4):27-30.
[23]熊红利,王艳梅.百合种球冷藏技术[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(4):108.
[24]WALCH K,HASSELT P R.The influence of low temperature on the phospholipids composition and flowering capacity of tulip bulbs[J].Physiol Plant,1992,85(3):A72,410.
[25]仲为伟,朱珺,王玲,等.冷处理对郁金香球茎繁育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):2016-2017.
[26]涂淑萍,穆鼎,刘春.百合鳞茎低温解除休眠过程中的生理生化变化研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(3):404-407.
[2]莫宝盈.郁金香花期调控技术研究进展[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(6):73-75.
[3]李琳琳,史益敏.郁金香种球冷藏与花期调控[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2006(1):30-33.
[4]张克中,赵祥云,王树栋,等.低温及赤霉素GA3处理对郁金香促成开花的作用[J].北京农学院学报,1999,14(3):20-23.
[5]韩凤阳,胡华东.郁金香花期调控[N].中国花卉报,2004-07-10(T0A).
[6]周国宁,应求是,陈绍云,等.温度对郁金香花芽分化的影响[J].浙江农业学报,1995(2):83-85.
[7]梁顺祥,唐道城,王玉花,等.温度和时间对郁金香种球芽发育及切花品质的影响[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2007(3):6-10.
[8]张静,唐道城,任柳霞,等.温度对郁金香休眠鳞茎碳水化合物代谢及芽体发育的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(17):75-80.
[9]毛洪玉,宁国龙,刘迪.冷藏对郁金香鳞茎可溶性糖和蛋白质的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(1):88-93.
[10]宁国龙,刘迪,艾博,等.冷藏对郁金香鳞茎碳水化合物含量及淀粉酶活性的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(21):93-96.
[11]孙燚,张延龙,牛立新.低温贮藏期间不同含水量郁金香种球的几种生理生化指标变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2008(2):240-242.
[12]孙立攀,史益敏,陶懿伟.冷藏对郁金香种球复壮的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(4):308-310.
[13]黄晓亮.郁金香不同等级种球繁殖性能及低温贮藏过程中生理变化研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[14]孙燚.影响郁金香种球低温贮藏关键因素的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[15]赵兰勇.鲜切花低温贮藏保鲜技术研究[J].中国园林,1999(6):31-33.
[16]郑田丰,顾俊杰.冷藏对延迟栽培郁金香花期及开花质量的影响[J].现代园林,2014,11(8):22-27.
[17]屈连伟,苏君伟,邢桂梅,等.郁金香盆花标准化栽培[J].中国花卉园艺,2015(18):28-29.
[18]HERTSEMA A M.Influence of temperature on flowering formation and flowering of bulbous and tuberous plants[J].Encyclopedis of Plant Physiology,1961(16):123-127.
[19]KAWATA J.Optimum temperature and duration of low temperature treatment for forcing tulips[J].Acta Horticulture,1975,47:201-208.
[20]林角郎.切花栽培技术[M].台北:台湾淑馨出版社,1995.
[21]孙红梅,李天来,李云飞,等.百合鳞茎低温处理效应初报[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,34(3):169-172.
[22]杨伟儿,张乔松.百合花及其促成栽培初探[J].广东园林,1996(4):27-30.
[23]熊红利,王艳梅.百合种球冷藏技术[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(4):108.
[24]WALCH K,HASSELT P R.The influence of low temperature on the phospholipids composition and flowering capacity of tulip bulbs[J].Physiol Plant,1992,85(3):A72,410.
[25]仲为伟,朱珺,王玲,等.冷处理对郁金香球茎繁育的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(5):2016-2017.
[26]涂淑萍,穆鼎,刘春.百合鳞茎低温解除休眠过程中的生理生化变化研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(3):404-407.