汤旺河国家公园不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性变化规律
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摘要
为了解红松湿生演替系列过程中土壤生境及土壤细菌多样性的变化规律,以小兴安岭汤旺河国家公园的白桦次生林、人工针阔混交林和原始云冷杉红松林为研究对象,分别代表湿生演替系列的演替先锋群落、演替中期群落和演替顶级群落,采用高通量测序的方法分析森林土壤细菌的多样性变化规律.结果表明:汤旺河国家公园从先锋演替到顶级演替阶段,森林土壤中w(OC)、w(TN)、w (AN)、w (AP)和w (AK)升高,而p H降低.此次分析土壤细菌包括16门27纲52目60科75属,其中Acidobacteria、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes为共有的优势菌门(相对丰度> 1%).演替先锋阶段(白桦次生林)Proteobacteria相对丰度最高,然而演替后期(云冷杉红松林) Acidobacteria相对丰度最高.通过冗余分析和相关性分析发现,不同演替阶段的森林土壤细菌多样性与土壤中w(OC)呈显著负相关,与土壤中w(TK)呈显著负相关,与土壤中w(AK)呈极显著负相关.研究显示,土壤细菌群落结构和多样性在不同湿生演替阶段有明显差异,主要可能受到土壤中w(OC)、w(TK)和w(AK)的影响.
In order to understand the changes in soil habitats and soil bacterial diversity during the wet successional series of Pinus koraiensis,the secondary birch forests,artificial coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forests,and primary virgin Pinus koraiensis forests in the Tangwanghe National Park of Xiaoxing'anling Mountains were selected as the study objects. The three forest types represented the pioneer,the medium-term and the top-ranked community of succession series respectably. The high-throughout sequencing method was used to analyze the diversity of the bacteria in the forest soils. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon( OC),total nitrogen( TN),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen( AN),available phosphorus( AP) and available potassium( AK) increased from the pioneer succession to the top succession stage,while the soil p H value decreased. The community analysis of soil bacteria belonged to 16 families,27 orders,52 orders,60 families and 75 genera. Among them,Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla( relative abundance > 1%). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the pioneer stage( secondary birch forest),but the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was highest in the late successional period( Pine and Pinus koraiensis). Based on the redundancy analysis and correlation analysis,it was found that the bacterial diversity in the forest soils at different successional stages was significantly negatively correlated with soil organic carbon( OC) content,significantly negatively correlated with the soil total potassium( TK) content,and significantly negatively correlated with the soil available potassium( AK) content. The soil bacterial community and diversity were significantly different between wet successional stages,and were mainly affected by soil organic carbon( OC),total potassium( TK) and available potassium( AK) contents.
In order to understand the changes in soil habitats and soil bacterial diversity during the wet successional series of Pinus koraiensis,the secondary birch forests,artificial coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forests,and primary virgin Pinus koraiensis forests in the Tangwanghe National Park of Xiaoxing'anling Mountains were selected as the study objects. The three forest types represented the pioneer,the medium-term and the top-ranked community of succession series respectably. The high-throughout sequencing method was used to analyze the diversity of the bacteria in the forest soils. The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon( OC),total nitrogen( TN),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen( AN),available phosphorus( AP) and available potassium( AK) increased from the pioneer succession to the top succession stage,while the soil p H value decreased. The community analysis of soil bacteria belonged to 16 families,27 orders,52 orders,60 families and 75 genera. Among them,Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla( relative abundance > 1%). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in the pioneer stage( secondary birch forest),but the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was highest in the late successional period( Pine and Pinus koraiensis). Based on the redundancy analysis and correlation analysis,it was found that the bacterial diversity in the forest soils at different successional stages was significantly negatively correlated with soil organic carbon( OC) content,significantly negatively correlated with the soil total potassium( TK) content,and significantly negatively correlated with the soil available potassium( AK) content. The soil bacterial community and diversity were significantly different between wet successional stages,and were mainly affected by soil organic carbon( OC),total potassium( TK) and available potassium( AK) contents.
引文
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[7]POWHLSON D S,BROOKES P C,CHRISTENSEN B T.Measurement of soil microbial biomass provides an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1987,19(2):159-164.
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[11]隋心,张荣涛,杨立宾,等.三江平原不同类型小叶章湿地土壤细菌群落功能多样性[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(10):1479-1486.SUI Xin,ZHANG Rongtao,YANG Libin,et al.Bacterial community functional diversity of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in Sanjiang Plain[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(10):1479-1486.
[12]QIU S,MCCOMB A J,BELL R W.Response of soil microbial activity to temperature,moisture,and litter leaching on a wetland transect during seasonal refilling[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2005,13(1):43-54.
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[14]KORKMA H,YILDIRIM C,YALCIN E.Relationships between soil and plant communities distribution throughout primary succession in deltaic plains of G9lyazi Natural Reserved Area(Terme/Samsun,Turkey)[J].Rendiconti Lincei,2017,28(3):503-517.
[15]MARKOWICZ A,WOZNIAK G,BORYMSKI S,et al.Links in the functional diversity between soil microorganisms and plant communities during natural succession in coal mine spoil heaps[J].Ecological Research,2015,30(6):1005-1014.
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[18]贾姗姗.汤旺河国家公园的旅游发展实证研究[D].合肥:安徽大学,2013.
[19]黄茂祝,徐波,张杰,等.汤旺河国家公园游憩价值评价研究[J].森林工程,2009,25(6):18-21.HUANG Maozhu,XU Bo,ZHANG Jie,et al.Research on tourism value evaluation of Tangwang River National Park[J].Forest Engineering,2009,25(6):18-21.
[20]孙雪,隋心,韩冬雪,等.原始红松林退化演替后土壤微生物功能多样性的变化[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(6):911-919.SUN Xue,SUI Xin,HAN Dongxue,et al.Changes of soil microbial functional diversity in the degraded and successional primitive korean pine forest in Lesser Khingan Mountain,northern China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(6):911-919.
[21]张玲,张东来,毛子军,等.小兴安岭阔叶红松林不同演替系列土壤有机碳及各组分特征[J].林业科学,2017,53(9):11-17.ZHANG Lin,ZHANG Donghai,MAO Zijun,et al.Charicateristic of soil oranic carbon and Its components in different successional series of broadleaved korean pine forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2017,53(9):11-17.
[22]郝敬梅,张韫,崔晓阳,等.原始阔叶红松林次生林土壤矿质氮特征及树种吸收反应[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(1):21-25.HAO Jingmei,ZHANG Yun,CUI Xiaoyang,et al.Soil mineral Ncharacteristics in original broadleaved Pinuskoraiensis forest and secondary forest and N absorption of some tree species[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2014,36(1):21-25.
[23]胡嵩,张颖,史荣久,等.长白山原始红松林次生演替过程中土壤微生物生物量和酶活性变化[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):366-372.HU Song,ZHANG Ying,SHI Rongjiu,et al.Temporal variations of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities during the secondary succession of primary broadleaved-Pinuskoraiensis forests in Changbai Mountains of northeast[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(2):366-372.
[24]杨立宾,隋心,朱道光,等.大兴安岭兴安落叶松林土壤真菌群落特征研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(12):76-84.YANG Libin,SUI Xin,ZHU Daoguang,et al.Study on fungal communities characteristics of different Larix gmelini Forest types in cold temperate zone[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2017,37(12):76-84.
[25]徐飞,蔡体久,杨雪,等.三江平原沼泽湿地垦殖及自然恢复对土壤细菌群落多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7412-7421.XU Fei,CAI Tijiu,YANG Xue,et al.Effect of cultivation and natural restoration on soil bacterial community diversity in marshland in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7412-7421.
[26]岳琳艳,郑俊强,韩士杰,等.长白山温带森林不同演替阶段土壤化学性质及微生物群落结构的变化[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2590-2597.YUE Linyan,ZHENG Junqiang,HAN Shijie,et al.Soil chemical properties and microbial community structure at different succession stages of temperate forest in Changbai Mountains[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(9):2590-2597.
[27]WANG Y,GUO D.Response of soil fungi community structure to salt vegetation succession in the Yellow River Delta[J].Current Microbiology,2016,73(4):595-601.
[28]LI L,WANG D,LIU X,et al.Soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community and functions under changes in vegetation:a case of vegetation succession in karst forest[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,71(8):3727-3735.
[29]WANG Wenjin,WANG Huimei,ZU Yuangang.Temporal changes in SOM,N,P,K,and their stoichiometric ratios during reforestation in China and interactions with soil depths:importance of deep-layer soil and management implications[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2014,325(8):8-17.
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