甜高粱和玉米青贮对肉羊肌纤维组织及其 相关肉质性状的影响
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摘要
为研究甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)和玉米(Zea mays)青贮型饲粮育肥肉羊的羊肉肌纤维组织特点及其相关肉质性状,选取体况相似,身体状况良好的杜泊羊和小尾寒羊母羊各8只,同一品种羊随机分为两组,分别饲喂两组试验饲粮,即:杜泊羊饲喂甜高粱青贮组(DG)和饲喂玉米青贮组(DY),小尾寒羊饲喂甜高粱青贮组(HG)和饲喂玉米青贮组(HY),为期82d单栏饲养后,进行屠宰采样。用石蜡切片的方法,测定不同处理组背最长肌的肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积、肌纤维密度和结缔组织含量,并测定背最长肌的系水力和剪切力。结果表明,品种、饲粮对羊肉的肌纤维直径、面积及密度有极显著影响(P<0.01),且二者的互作对肌纤维直径有极显著影响(P<0.01);玉米青贮组(DY和HY)的肌纤维直径和面积显著高于甜高粱青贮组(DG和HG)(P<0.05);甜高粱组(DG和HG)的背最长肌结缔组织含量显著高于玉米青贮组(DY和HY)(P<0.05);同一青贮饲粮组,杜泊羊的肌纤维密度和结缔组织含量低于小尾寒羊,且甜高粱处理组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。综上可知,肉羊品种和青贮饲草种类对肉羊背最长肌组织学特性产生影响,从肌纤维组织形态对比,甜高粱青贮育肥的羊肉品质优于玉米青贮,且杜泊羊较小尾寒羊的改善响应更明显。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding sweet sorghum silage and corn silage on the muscle fiber morphological characteristics and relative meat quality of the sheep.Eight Dorper and eight Small-tail Han healthy female sheep with similar body conditions were selected.The same breed of sheep were randomly divided into two groups which were fed one of two experimental diets,namely:Dorper sheep were fed sweet sorghum silage(DG),and corn silage(DY),and Small-tail Han sheep were fed sweet sorghum silage(HG)and corn silage(HY).The sheep were slaughtered to collect samples after 82 days of single-cage feeding.Paraffin sections were used to determine the muscle fiber diameter,area,density and connective tissue content,in addition to measuring the water-holding capacity and shear force in the longissimus muscle.Comparisons were made among the different treatment groups to evaluate sheep meat quality.The results showed the breed and diet had a significant effect on the muscle fiber diameter,area and density(P<0.01),while the muscle fiber diameter had a significant interaction between sheep breed and silage forage(P<0.01).The corn silage groups(DY and HY)showed significantly higher diameter,higher area of muscle fiber and less connective tissue content in comparison to sweet sorghum silage groups(DG and HG)(P<0.05)and was the same as silage forage.The muscle fiber density and connective tissue content in the longissimus muscle of Dorper sheep was less than that in the longissimus muscle of Small-tail Han sheep(DG vs HG;DY vs HY),with the sweet sorghum silage treatment group being significantly different(P<0.05).In summary,the breed of sheep and silage forage will affect the microanatomy characteristics of the longissimus muscle of sheep.According to the comparison of muscle fiber microanatomy,the quality of meat was better in sweet sorghum silage groups than corn silage;and the Dorper sheep had a more obvious improved response than Small-tail Han sheep.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of feeding sweet sorghum silage and corn silage on the muscle fiber morphological characteristics and relative meat quality of the sheep.Eight Dorper and eight Small-tail Han healthy female sheep with similar body conditions were selected.The same breed of sheep were randomly divided into two groups which were fed one of two experimental diets,namely:Dorper sheep were fed sweet sorghum silage(DG),and corn silage(DY),and Small-tail Han sheep were fed sweet sorghum silage(HG)and corn silage(HY).The sheep were slaughtered to collect samples after 82 days of single-cage feeding.Paraffin sections were used to determine the muscle fiber diameter,area,density and connective tissue content,in addition to measuring the water-holding capacity and shear force in the longissimus muscle.Comparisons were made among the different treatment groups to evaluate sheep meat quality.The results showed the breed and diet had a significant effect on the muscle fiber diameter,area and density(P<0.01),while the muscle fiber diameter had a significant interaction between sheep breed and silage forage(P<0.01).The corn silage groups(DY and HY)showed significantly higher diameter,higher area of muscle fiber and less connective tissue content in comparison to sweet sorghum silage groups(DG and HG)(P<0.05)and was the same as silage forage.The muscle fiber density and connective tissue content in the longissimus muscle of Dorper sheep was less than that in the longissimus muscle of Small-tail Han sheep(DG vs HG;DY vs HY),with the sweet sorghum silage treatment group being significantly different(P<0.05).In summary,the breed of sheep and silage forage will affect the microanatomy characteristics of the longissimus muscle of sheep.According to the comparison of muscle fiber microanatomy,the quality of meat was better in sweet sorghum silage groups than corn silage;and the Dorper sheep had a more obvious improved response than Small-tail Han sheep.
引文
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[8]李春宏,张培通,郭文琦,殷剑美,韩晓勇.甜高粱青贮饲料研究与利用现状及展望.江苏农业科学,2014,42(3):150-152.LI C H,ZHANG P T,GUO W Q,YIN J M,HAN X Y.Status and prospect of research and utilization of sweet sorghum silage.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(3):150-152.
[9]张霞,付晓悦,王虎成,侯明杰,尚占环.饲用甜高粱裹包青贮料对肉羊生产性能及血清指标的影响.动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1771-1780.ZHANG X,FU X Y,WANG H C,HOU M J,SHANG Z H.Effects of packaging forage sweet sorghum silage on performance and serum indexes of mutton sheep.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(5):1771-1780.
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[11] PONNAMPALAM E N,SINCLAIR A J,HOSKING B J,EGAN A R.Effects of dietary lipid type on muscle fatty acid composition,carcass leanness,and meat toughness in lambs.Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):628-636.
[12]李璐,张标.骨骼肌组织石蜡切片的技术改良.解剖学杂志,2016,39(4):510-511.LI L,ZHANG B.Improvement in paraffin section of skeletal muscle tissue.Chinese Journal of Anatomy,2016,39(4):510-511.
[13]辛雪,苏琳,马晓冰,尹丽卿,林在琼,靳烨.体质量对巴美肉羊肌纤维特性及肉品质的影响.食品科学,2014,35(19):39-42.XIN X,SU L,MA X B,YIN L Q,LIN Z Q,JIN Y.Effect of body weight on muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality of Bamei Lambs.Food Science,2014,35(19):39-42.
[14]曾勇庆,孙玉民,王慧,李同树.青山羊肉品理化性状及其食用品质的研究.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(4):384-389.ZENG Y Q,SUN Y M,WANG H,LI T S.Studies on physicoshemical properties and eating quality of grey goat meat.Journal of ShanDong Agricultural University(Natural Science),1999,30(4):384-389.
[15]郭元,李博.小尾寒羊不同部位羊肉理化特性及肉用品质的比较.食品科学,2008,29(10):143-147.GUO Y,LI B.Study on physico-chemical properties and meat qualities of different parts of Small-tail Han Sheep carcass.Food Science,2008,29(10):143-147.
[16]邬理洋,黄兴国.肌纤维类型对肉质品质的影响.湖南饲料,2010(3):21-23.WU L Y,HUANG X G.Effect of muscle fiber type on meat quality.Hunan Feed,2010(3):21-23.
[17]赵应安,杨飞云.长×荣杂交猪肌纤维面积生长规律研究.四川畜牧兽医,2003(7):22-23.ZHAO Y A,YANG F Y.Study on the growth law of muscle fiber area of Chang×Rong hybrid pig.Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Science,2003(7):22-23.
[18]王金文,崔绪奎,张果平,王德芹,孟宪锋.鲁西黑头肉羊与小尾寒羊肉质性状的比较研究.家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):52-56.WANG J W,CUI X K,ZHANG G P,WANG D Q,MENG X F.Comparison study on meat quality traits of Luxi Black Head Mutton Sheep and Small-tail Han Sheep.Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2012,33(4):52-56.
[2] HUFFLONERGAN E,LONERGAN S M.Mechanisms of water-holding capacity of meat:The role of postmortem biochemical and structural changes.Meat Science,2005,71(1):194-204.
[3]赵天章,张慧鲜,王文义,陈怀森,蒋红琴,马勇,罗海玲.集约化饲养模式下巴美肉羊与小尾寒羊产肉性能的比较研究.中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):121-128.ZHAO T Z,ZHANG H X,WANG W Y,CHEN H S,JIANG H Q,MA Y,LUO H L.Comparison of meat-productivities between Bamei Sheep and Small-tail Han Sheep under intensive feeding pattern.Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(4):121-128.
[4]郭佳,余秀锋,伍婷,任阳,朱琳娜,汪以真.金华猪和长白猪背最长肌不同肌纤维类型表达差异.中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(15):15-18.GUO J,YU X F,WU T,REN Y,ZHU L N,WANG Y Z.The expression of different muscle fibers in the longissimus dorsi of Jinhua pig and Landrace pig.Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2012,48(15):15-18.
[5]李海晏,陆甜,夏枚生,胡彩虹.猪肌纤维生长发育规律研究进展.畜牧与兽医,2009,41(10):93-95.LI H Y,LU T,XIA M S,HU C H.Advance in developmental patterns of muscle fibers in the pig.Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2009,41(10):93-95.
[6]谌启亮,彭增起,沈明霞,吴海娟,王复龙,卢桂松.牛肉肌纤维直径和结缔组织含量与嫩度相关性研究.食品科学,2012,33(13):126-129.CHEN Q L,PENG Z Q,SHEN M X,WU H J,WANG F L,LU G S.Correlation between beef tenderness and fiber diameter or connective tissue content.Food Science,2012,33(13):126-129.
[7]李珊珊,李飞,白彦福,尚占环.甜高粱的利用技术.草业科学,2017,34(4):831-845.LI S S,LI F,BAI Y F,SHANG Z H.Utilisation technology of sweet sorghum.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):831-845.
[8]李春宏,张培通,郭文琦,殷剑美,韩晓勇.甜高粱青贮饲料研究与利用现状及展望.江苏农业科学,2014,42(3):150-152.LI C H,ZHANG P T,GUO W Q,YIN J M,HAN X Y.Status and prospect of research and utilization of sweet sorghum silage.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(3):150-152.
[9]张霞,付晓悦,王虎成,侯明杰,尚占环.饲用甜高粱裹包青贮料对肉羊生产性能及血清指标的影响.动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1771-1780.ZHANG X,FU X Y,WANG H C,HOU M J,SHANG Z H.Effects of packaging forage sweet sorghum silage on performance and serum indexes of mutton sheep.Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(5):1771-1780.
[10]杨平贵,陈明华,庞倩,周明亮.12月龄西藏羊肌纤维特性研究.草业与畜牧,2016(4):39-41.YANG P G,CHEN M H,PANG Q,ZHOU M L.Muscle fibre characteristics of Tibetan Sheep.Prataculture&Animal Husbandry,2016(4):39-41.
[11] PONNAMPALAM E N,SINCLAIR A J,HOSKING B J,EGAN A R.Effects of dietary lipid type on muscle fatty acid composition,carcass leanness,and meat toughness in lambs.Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(3):628-636.
[12]李璐,张标.骨骼肌组织石蜡切片的技术改良.解剖学杂志,2016,39(4):510-511.LI L,ZHANG B.Improvement in paraffin section of skeletal muscle tissue.Chinese Journal of Anatomy,2016,39(4):510-511.
[13]辛雪,苏琳,马晓冰,尹丽卿,林在琼,靳烨.体质量对巴美肉羊肌纤维特性及肉品质的影响.食品科学,2014,35(19):39-42.XIN X,SU L,MA X B,YIN L Q,LIN Z Q,JIN Y.Effect of body weight on muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality of Bamei Lambs.Food Science,2014,35(19):39-42.
[14]曾勇庆,孙玉民,王慧,李同树.青山羊肉品理化性状及其食用品质的研究.山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,30(4):384-389.ZENG Y Q,SUN Y M,WANG H,LI T S.Studies on physicoshemical properties and eating quality of grey goat meat.Journal of ShanDong Agricultural University(Natural Science),1999,30(4):384-389.
[15]郭元,李博.小尾寒羊不同部位羊肉理化特性及肉用品质的比较.食品科学,2008,29(10):143-147.GUO Y,LI B.Study on physico-chemical properties and meat qualities of different parts of Small-tail Han Sheep carcass.Food Science,2008,29(10):143-147.
[16]邬理洋,黄兴国.肌纤维类型对肉质品质的影响.湖南饲料,2010(3):21-23.WU L Y,HUANG X G.Effect of muscle fiber type on meat quality.Hunan Feed,2010(3):21-23.
[17]赵应安,杨飞云.长×荣杂交猪肌纤维面积生长规律研究.四川畜牧兽医,2003(7):22-23.ZHAO Y A,YANG F Y.Study on the growth law of muscle fiber area of Chang×Rong hybrid pig.Sichuan Animal&Veterinary Science,2003(7):22-23.
[18]王金文,崔绪奎,张果平,王德芹,孟宪锋.鲁西黑头肉羊与小尾寒羊肉质性状的比较研究.家畜生态学报,2012,33(4):52-56.WANG J W,CUI X K,ZHANG G P,WANG D Q,MENG X F.Comparison study on meat quality traits of Luxi Black Head Mutton Sheep and Small-tail Han Sheep.Acta Ecologae Animalis Domastici,2012,33(4):52-56.