施肥对雨养区马铃薯干物质累积及肥效的影响
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摘要
针对宁夏雨养农业区,选择具有代表性的海原县树台乡马铃薯种植基地,设置氮磷钾肥不同施肥处理,于2016～2017年开展了马铃薯田间试验,探讨雨养区施肥对马铃薯干物质累积及肥效的影响。试验结果表明,不同施肥处理对马铃薯干物质积累、产量及水肥利用效率影响不同,其中氮磷钾肥配施处理马铃薯干物质快速积累期增长速度最快,施用氮、磷、钾在淀粉积累期马铃薯块茎累积量分别提高了36.4%、40.5%、18.5%。两年期间,氮磷钾肥配施处理的水分利用效率最大,2016、2017年较无肥区分别增长35.3%、51.0%,平均增长43.2%。在氮磷钾配施条件下,氮、磷、钾肥增产量分别是5 496.6 kg/hm~2、4 739.4 kg/hm~2、3 044.1 kg/hm~2,其增产率分别为31.1%、30.6%、17.1%。每千克N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别增产马铃薯30.5 kg、52.7 kg、67.7 kg。氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为38.3%、18.2%、53.9%,其中钾肥利用率较高。
In view of the rainfed agricultural area of Ningxia, potato planting base in Shutai Township of Haiyuan County was selected and different fertilization treatments of N, P and K were set up. Field experiments of potatoes were conducted in 2016～2017 to explore the effects of fertilization on dry matter accumulation and fertilizer efficiency of potatoes in rainfed areas. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had different effects on the dry matter accumulation, yield and the water use efficiency of tomato. The growth rate of potato dry matter treated with NPK combination treatment was the highest. The average dry matter content of potato tubers in the period of starch accumulation stage increased by 36.4%, 40.5% and 18.5% respectively for application of N, P and K fertilizer. The water use efficiency of NPK combination treatment was the highest during the two-year study.Compare to the no-fertilizer treatment in 2016 and 2017, it increased 35.3% and 51.0% respectively, with the average increase of 43.2%. Under the combined application of N, P and K, the yield of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 5 496.6 kg/hm~2, 4 739.4 kg/hm~2 and 3 044.1 kg/hm~2, respectively, and the yield rate increased by31.1%, 30.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The yield of potato increased by 30.5 kg, 52.7 kg and 67.7 kg per kilogram of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O. The use efficiency of N, P and K was 27.3%, 15.4% and 50.3%, and K's efficiency was the highest.
In view of the rainfed agricultural area of Ningxia, potato planting base in Shutai Township of Haiyuan County was selected and different fertilization treatments of N, P and K were set up. Field experiments of potatoes were conducted in 2016～2017 to explore the effects of fertilization on dry matter accumulation and fertilizer efficiency of potatoes in rainfed areas. The results showed that different fertilization treatments had different effects on the dry matter accumulation, yield and the water use efficiency of tomato. The growth rate of potato dry matter treated with NPK combination treatment was the highest. The average dry matter content of potato tubers in the period of starch accumulation stage increased by 36.4%, 40.5% and 18.5% respectively for application of N, P and K fertilizer. The water use efficiency of NPK combination treatment was the highest during the two-year study.Compare to the no-fertilizer treatment in 2016 and 2017, it increased 35.3% and 51.0% respectively, with the average increase of 43.2%. Under the combined application of N, P and K, the yield of N, P and K fertilizers increased by 5 496.6 kg/hm~2, 4 739.4 kg/hm~2 and 3 044.1 kg/hm~2, respectively, and the yield rate increased by31.1%, 30.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The yield of potato increased by 30.5 kg, 52.7 kg and 67.7 kg per kilogram of N, P_2O_5 and K_2 O. The use efficiency of N, P and K was 27.3%, 15.4% and 50.3%, and K's efficiency was the highest.
引文
Bai R.,He W.S.,Ma R.B.,Li Y.,and Wang A.,2014,Nutrient status of soil in potato-grown field of Ningxia and recommendations for fertilizers,Hubei Nongye Kexue(Hubei Agricultural Sciences),53(6):1294-1297(白茹,何文寿,马仁彪,李越,王奥,2014,宁夏马铃薯种植基地土壤养分状况及施肥建议,湖北农业科学,53(6):1294-1297)
Cao Z.,2017,Effect of both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of potato in rainfed area,Thesis for M.S.,Ningxia University,Supervisor:He W.S.,pp.11-12(曹哲,2017,雨养区氮钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响,硕士学位论文,宁夏大学,导师:何文寿,pp.11-12)
Dai S.R.,2010,The Nan'an country territpry soil sweet potato nutrient abundant lacks the target to stuty,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(3):11-16(戴树荣,2010,南安县域甘薯的土壤养分丰缺指标研究,中国土壤与肥料,(3):11-16)
Duan Y.,Zhang J.,Li H.C.,Zhao P.Y.,Tuo D.B.,Yao J.Q.,An H.,and Jia Y.Y.,2014,Fertilization effect and nutrition use efficiency of potato in Inner Mongolia,Turang(Soils),46(2):212-217(段玉,张君,李焕春,赵沛义,妥德宝,姚俊卿,安昊,贾有余,2014,马铃薯氮磷钾养分吸收规律及施肥肥效的研究,土壤,46(2):212-217)
Gao J.L.,Liu K.L.,Zhang B.L.,and Ren Y.Z.,2003,Accumulation and distribution of day matter in potato,Zhongguo Malingshu(Chinese Potato Journal),17(4):209-212(高聚林,刘克礼,张宝林,任有志,2003,马铃薯干物质积累与分配规律的研究,中国马铃薯,17(4):209-212)
He C.F.,Zhang J.,Qiu H.Z.,Zhang C.H.,Zhang H.,and Zhang W.M.,2017,Effect of nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and distribution an yield of'Qingshu 9'covered with film on dry land,Gansu Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Gansu Agricultural University),52(2):19-26(何昌福,张健,邱慧珍,张春红,张鹤,张文明,2017,不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响,甘肃农业大学学报,52(2):19-26)
He W.S.,Ma K.,Dai X.H.,He J.Z.,and Ma R.B.,2014,Characteristics of nitrogen,phosphotus and potassium uptake and accumulation of potato in Ningxia,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer),20(6):1477-1487(何文寿,马琨,代晓华,何进智,马仁彪,2014,宁夏马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分的吸收累积特征,植物营养与肥料学报,20(6):1477-1487)
Jackson S.D.,1999,Multiple signaling pathways control tuber induction in potato,Plant Physiol.,119(1):1-8
Li R.,Cui R.M.,Jia Z.K.,Han Q.F.,Lu W.T.,and Hou X.Q.,2011,Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura sinica),44(16):3312-3322(李儒,崔荣美,贾志宽,韩清芳,陆文涛,侯贤淸,2011,不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响,中国农业科学,44(16):3312-3322)
Li R.,and Hou X.Q.,2015,Effects of different ground surface mulch under subsoilling on potato yeild and water use efficiency,Ningxia Gongcheng Xuebao(Ttansactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering),11(2):143-159(李荣,侯贤清,2015,深松条件下不同地表覆盖对马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响,农业工程学报,11(2):143-159)
Li S.T.,Duan Y.,Chen Z.Q.,Guo T.W.,and Li Y.H.,2014,Yield response and economic benefit of fertilizer application on potato in Northwest China,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(4):42-47(李书田,段玉,陈占全,郭天文,李友宏,2014,西北地区马铃薯施肥效应和经济效应分析,中国土壤与肥料,(4):42-47)
Liang J.X.,Guo X.N.,Zhang G.H.,and Zhou T.,2015,Effect of different N,P2O5,K2O rates on yield and water,fertilizer using efficiency of potato in dry land of Ningnan,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(6):77-81(梁锦绣,郭鑫年,张国辉,周涛,2015,氮磷钾用量对宁南旱地马铃薯产量及水肥利用效率的影响,中国土壤与肥料,(6):77-81)
Lu J.W.,Qiu H.Z.,Zhang W.M.,Wang D.,Zhang J.L.,Zhang C.H.,and Hou S.Y.,2013,Characteristics of dry matter and potassium accumulation and distribution in potato plant in semi-arid rainfed areas,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),24(2):423-430(卢建武,邱慧珍,张文明,王蒂,张俊莲,张春红,侯叔音,2013,半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯干物质和钾素积累与分配特性,应用生态学报,24(2):423-430)
Millard P.,Robinson D.,and Maekie-Dawson L.A.,1989,Nitrogen partitioning within the potato(Solarium tuberosum L.)plant in relation to nitrogen supply,Ann.Bot.,63(2):289-296
Niederhauser J.S.,1993,International cooperation and the role of potato in feeding the word,American Potato Journal,70(5):385-404
Shi Z.,Liang Z.Z.,Yang Y.Y.,and Guo Y.,2015,Status and prospect of agricultural remote sensing,Nongye Jixie Xuebao(Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery),46(2):247-260(史舟,梁宗正,杨媛媛,郭燕,2015,农业遥感现状与展望,农业机械学报,46(2):247-260)
Wang T.,He W.S.,Jiang H.G.,Wang Y.K.,Dang K.K.,and Zhao X.X.,2016,The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application on yield and starch content of potato plants,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(3):80-86(王涛,何文寿,姜海刚,王耀科,党柯柯,赵小霞,2016,氮磷钾不同用量对马铃薯产量和淀粉含量的影响,中国土壤与肥料,(3):80-86)
Yang W.P.,2014,On the development of comprehensive control of soil and water loss in sloping field in Haiyuan county,Ningxia Province,Jiazhi Gongcheng(Value Engineering),33(28):109-110(杨文平,2014,浅谈宁夏海原县坡耕地水土流失综合治理的发展,价值工程,33(28):109-110)
Zhao Y.,Guo X.N.,Zhao H.B.,Wang Z.H.,and Zhou T.,2013,Evaluation and present situation of fertilization in potato in southern mountain region of Ningxia,Zhongguo Malingshu(Chinese Potato Journal),(5):281-287(赵营,郭鑫年,赵护兵,王朝辉,周涛,2013,宁夏南部山区马铃薯施肥现状与评价,中国马铃薯,(5):281-287)
Zheng S.L.,Wang X.Y.,Ma J.,Yuan J.C.,and Li S.C.,2008,Effects of nutritional level on hormones,yield and quality in the process of tuber formation in potato,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science),14(3):515-519(郑顺林,王西瑶,马均,袁继超,李首成,2008,营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育中激素、产量和品质的影响,植物营养与肥料学报,14(3):515-519)
Cao Z.,2017,Effect of both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of potato in rainfed area,Thesis for M.S.,Ningxia University,Supervisor:He W.S.,pp.11-12(曹哲,2017,雨养区氮钾肥对马铃薯产量和品质的影响,硕士学位论文,宁夏大学,导师:何文寿,pp.11-12)
Dai S.R.,2010,The Nan'an country territpry soil sweet potato nutrient abundant lacks the target to stuty,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(3):11-16(戴树荣,2010,南安县域甘薯的土壤养分丰缺指标研究,中国土壤与肥料,(3):11-16)
Duan Y.,Zhang J.,Li H.C.,Zhao P.Y.,Tuo D.B.,Yao J.Q.,An H.,and Jia Y.Y.,2014,Fertilization effect and nutrition use efficiency of potato in Inner Mongolia,Turang(Soils),46(2):212-217(段玉,张君,李焕春,赵沛义,妥德宝,姚俊卿,安昊,贾有余,2014,马铃薯氮磷钾养分吸收规律及施肥肥效的研究,土壤,46(2):212-217)
Gao J.L.,Liu K.L.,Zhang B.L.,and Ren Y.Z.,2003,Accumulation and distribution of day matter in potato,Zhongguo Malingshu(Chinese Potato Journal),17(4):209-212(高聚林,刘克礼,张宝林,任有志,2003,马铃薯干物质积累与分配规律的研究,中国马铃薯,17(4):209-212)
He C.F.,Zhang J.,Qiu H.Z.,Zhang C.H.,Zhang H.,and Zhang W.M.,2017,Effect of nitrogen levels on dry matter accumulation and distribution an yield of'Qingshu 9'covered with film on dry land,Gansu Nongye Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Gansu Agricultural University),52(2):19-26(何昌福,张健,邱慧珍,张春红,张鹤,张文明,2017,不同氮水平对旱地覆膜马铃薯‘青薯9号’干物质积累分配及产量的影响,甘肃农业大学学报,52(2):19-26)
He W.S.,Ma K.,Dai X.H.,He J.Z.,and Ma R.B.,2014,Characteristics of nitrogen,phosphotus and potassium uptake and accumulation of potato in Ningxia,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer),20(6):1477-1487(何文寿,马琨,代晓华,何进智,马仁彪,2014,宁夏马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分的吸收累积特征,植物营养与肥料学报,20(6):1477-1487)
Jackson S.D.,1999,Multiple signaling pathways control tuber induction in potato,Plant Physiol.,119(1):1-8
Li R.,Cui R.M.,Jia Z.K.,Han Q.F.,Lu W.T.,and Hou X.Q.,2011,Effects of different furrow-ridge mulching ways on soil moisture and water use efficiency of winter wheat,Zhongguo Nongye Kexue(Scientia Agricultura sinica),44(16):3312-3322(李儒,崔荣美,贾志宽,韩清芳,陆文涛,侯贤淸,2011,不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响,中国农业科学,44(16):3312-3322)
Li R.,and Hou X.Q.,2015,Effects of different ground surface mulch under subsoilling on potato yeild and water use efficiency,Ningxia Gongcheng Xuebao(Ttansactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering),11(2):143-159(李荣,侯贤清,2015,深松条件下不同地表覆盖对马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响,农业工程学报,11(2):143-159)
Li S.T.,Duan Y.,Chen Z.Q.,Guo T.W.,and Li Y.H.,2014,Yield response and economic benefit of fertilizer application on potato in Northwest China,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(4):42-47(李书田,段玉,陈占全,郭天文,李友宏,2014,西北地区马铃薯施肥效应和经济效应分析,中国土壤与肥料,(4):42-47)
Liang J.X.,Guo X.N.,Zhang G.H.,and Zhou T.,2015,Effect of different N,P2O5,K2O rates on yield and water,fertilizer using efficiency of potato in dry land of Ningnan,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(6):77-81(梁锦绣,郭鑫年,张国辉,周涛,2015,氮磷钾用量对宁南旱地马铃薯产量及水肥利用效率的影响,中国土壤与肥料,(6):77-81)
Lu J.W.,Qiu H.Z.,Zhang W.M.,Wang D.,Zhang J.L.,Zhang C.H.,and Hou S.Y.,2013,Characteristics of dry matter and potassium accumulation and distribution in potato plant in semi-arid rainfed areas,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),24(2):423-430(卢建武,邱慧珍,张文明,王蒂,张俊莲,张春红,侯叔音,2013,半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯干物质和钾素积累与分配特性,应用生态学报,24(2):423-430)
Millard P.,Robinson D.,and Maekie-Dawson L.A.,1989,Nitrogen partitioning within the potato(Solarium tuberosum L.)plant in relation to nitrogen supply,Ann.Bot.,63(2):289-296
Niederhauser J.S.,1993,International cooperation and the role of potato in feeding the word,American Potato Journal,70(5):385-404
Shi Z.,Liang Z.Z.,Yang Y.Y.,and Guo Y.,2015,Status and prospect of agricultural remote sensing,Nongye Jixie Xuebao(Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery),46(2):247-260(史舟,梁宗正,杨媛媛,郭燕,2015,农业遥感现状与展望,农业机械学报,46(2):247-260)
Wang T.,He W.S.,Jiang H.G.,Wang Y.K.,Dang K.K.,and Zhao X.X.,2016,The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application on yield and starch content of potato plants,Zhongguo Turang Yu Feiliao(Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China),(3):80-86(王涛,何文寿,姜海刚,王耀科,党柯柯,赵小霞,2016,氮磷钾不同用量对马铃薯产量和淀粉含量的影响,中国土壤与肥料,(3):80-86)
Yang W.P.,2014,On the development of comprehensive control of soil and water loss in sloping field in Haiyuan county,Ningxia Province,Jiazhi Gongcheng(Value Engineering),33(28):109-110(杨文平,2014,浅谈宁夏海原县坡耕地水土流失综合治理的发展,价值工程,33(28):109-110)
Zhao Y.,Guo X.N.,Zhao H.B.,Wang Z.H.,and Zhou T.,2013,Evaluation and present situation of fertilization in potato in southern mountain region of Ningxia,Zhongguo Malingshu(Chinese Potato Journal),(5):281-287(赵营,郭鑫年,赵护兵,王朝辉,周涛,2013,宁夏南部山区马铃薯施肥现状与评价,中国马铃薯,(5):281-287)
Zheng S.L.,Wang X.Y.,Ma J.,Yuan J.C.,and Li S.C.,2008,Effects of nutritional level on hormones,yield and quality in the process of tuber formation in potato,Zhiwu Yingyang Yu Feiliao Xuebao(Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science),14(3):515-519(郑顺林,王西瑶,马均,袁继超,李首成,2008,营养水平对马铃薯块茎发育中激素、产量和品质的影响,植物营养与肥料学报,14(3):515-519)