处理猪场污水的新型发酵床微生物多样性研究
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摘要
旨在采用高通量测序技术研究一种用于猪场污水处理的新型发酵床系统的微生物多样性。分别对发酵床表层、中层、深层细菌的16SrDNA和真菌的ITS进行序列测定,分析各层次发酵床中的微生物群落结构特征。结果表明,细菌平均每层获得OTUs36899.33个,真菌平均每层获得OTUs37129.33个。物种分类的结果显示,细菌隶属于24门43纲95目197科390属529种,其中的优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacte-roidetes),它们的相对丰度分别为45.96%和28.79%。真菌隶属于4门6纲11目15科18属,优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和柄孢壳属(Zopfiella),其相对丰度分别为59.18%和62.34%。发酵床中层的微生物多样性远高于表层和深层,细菌的多样性和丰富度远高于真菌。研究表明在不同深度的发酵床垫料中微生物的丰富度、多样性、相似性、优势菌群均有不同。
In this paper,high-throughput sequencing technology is used to study the microbial diversity of a novel fermentation bed system for dealing with the piggery wastewater.The sequences of 16 SrDNA and ITS of fungi in the surface,middle and deep layers of the fermentation bed were determined respectively.The characteristics of microbial community structure in each level of the fermentation bed was analyzed.The results show that the average number of OTUs is 36899.33 for bacteria and 37129.33 for fungi.Basd on the results of species classification,bacterial communities belong to 24 phyla,43 classes,95 orders,197 families,and 390 genera.Among them,the domiant populations are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,and their relative abundance are 45.96%and 28.79%.Fungal species belong to 4 phyla,6 classes,11 orders,15 families,are 18 genera.The dominant species are Ascomycota and Zopfiella,and their relative abundances are 59.18% and 62.34%.Microbial diversity in the middle layer of the fermentation bed is much higher than that in the surface and deep layer;diversity and richness of the bacteria are much higher than those of the fungi.The data indicate that the richness,diversity,similarity and dominant flora of the microorganism are different in fermentation mattress at different depths.
In this paper,high-throughput sequencing technology is used to study the microbial diversity of a novel fermentation bed system for dealing with the piggery wastewater.The sequences of 16 SrDNA and ITS of fungi in the surface,middle and deep layers of the fermentation bed were determined respectively.The characteristics of microbial community structure in each level of the fermentation bed was analyzed.The results show that the average number of OTUs is 36899.33 for bacteria and 37129.33 for fungi.Basd on the results of species classification,bacterial communities belong to 24 phyla,43 classes,95 orders,197 families,and 390 genera.Among them,the domiant populations are Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,and their relative abundance are 45.96%and 28.79%.Fungal species belong to 4 phyla,6 classes,11 orders,15 families,are 18 genera.The dominant species are Ascomycota and Zopfiella,and their relative abundances are 59.18% and 62.34%.Microbial diversity in the middle layer of the fermentation bed is much higher than that in the surface and deep layer;diversity and richness of the bacteria are much higher than those of the fungi.The data indicate that the richness,diversity,similarity and dominant flora of the microorganism are different in fermentation mattress at different depths.
引文
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[3]王志强,沈晓昆.日本的发酵床养猪技术[J].世界农业,2004(2):50-51.
[4]赖贻奎,董闽鲜,周永生,等.湖南浏阳市室外发酵床养猪考察启示[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2012,37(2):20-22.
[5]俸祥仁,崔艳莉,姜源明,等.经济型高床式微生态发酵床养猪试验[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(23):101-103,109.
[6]许道军.一种养殖场液态粪污处理系统及方法:201510323136[P].2015-10-03.
[7]SINGH K M,JAKHESARA S J,KORINGA P G,et al.Metagenomic analysis of virulence-associated and antibiotic resistance genes of microbes in rumen of Indian buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)[J].Gene,2012,507:146-151.
[8]STAR B,NEDERBRAGT A J,JENTOFT S,et al.The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system[J].Nature,2011,477:207-210.
[9]The Potato Genemo Sequencing Consortium.Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato[J].Nature,2011,475:189-195.
[10]李婧.发酵床不同深度垫料中微生物与温室气体的分布特征[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[11]管业坤,杨艳,王荣民,等.利用16Sr-DNA高通量测序技术对发酵床垫料微生物区系的分析[J].家畜生态学报,2015,36(12):73-79.
[12]SPAIN A M,KRUMHOLZ L R,ELSHAHED M S.Abundance,composition,diversity and novelty of soil Proteobacteria[J].Isme Journal,2009,3(8):992-1 000.
[13]朱双红.猪生物发酵床垫料中细菌群落结构动态变化研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[14]FIERER N,BRADFORD M A,JACKSON R B.Toward an ecological classification of soil bacteria[J].Ecology,2007,88(6):1 354-1 364.
[15]毕泗伟,吴祖芳,虞耀土.16SrDNA基因文库技术分析发酵床细菌群落的多样性[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2013,26(1):18-22.
[16]张庆宁,胡明,朱荣生,等.生态养猪模式中发酵床优势细菌的微生物学性质及其应用研究[J].山东农业科学,2009(4):99-105.
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[18]卢舒娴.养猪发酵床垫料微生物群落动态及其对猪细菌病原生防作用的研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[19]刘国红,刘波,王阶平,等.养猪微生物发酵床芽胞杆菌空间分布多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(20):6 914-6 932.
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[22]杜东霞,许隽,杜宇,等.发酵床陈化垫料纤维素降解真菌的分离及其堆肥效果研究[J].福建农业学报,2017,32(9):1 006-1 011.
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